高二英语上学期第5周教学设计（情态动词（一））

1、情态动词（一）教学设计课题情态动词（一）课时3考点、知识点掌握情态动词的用法学习目标Revision of the modal verbs（一、二、三层）；重、难点1. 重点：情态动词的一般用法（一、二、三层）；2. 难点：情态动词对过去的推测（一、二、三层）。学习环节和内容学生活动建议教师活动建议调整记录一、情态动词的基本用法1can(1)(表示能力)能；会She can drive,but she cant ride a bicycle.【注】could表示“原来具备某种能力,现在没有这种能力了”,但was/were able to则表示过去成功地做成了某事.I could swim al

2、l the way across the lake,but I cant now.我原来能游过这个湖,但现在不能了.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.大火很快蔓延了整个旅馆,但全体人员都脱离了危险.(2)(表示可能、许可)能够；可以“Can I use your telephone?”“Yes,of course you can.”You cant park your car in this street.【注】can可作“有时候会”解,意思是平时或大部分时间不是这样子

3、,只是偶尔发生的事情.如：Jogging can be harmful to the health.慢跑有时候会对身体健康有害.(3)(表温和的命令)请做,得Ill do the cooking,and you can do the washing.我来做饭,请你去洗衣服.(4)(用于疑问句中,表请求、提议)能不能；要不要Can you give me a lift to the station?Cant you lend me ten dollars?请你借给我10美元吧?(5)(用于疑问句中,表惊讶、怀疑等)“(到底)可能有这样的事吗?” Can it be that it was I,n

4、ot he,who was mistaken?难道错的会是我,而不是他吗?(6)构成下列特殊句式：can not/can never.too.或cannot.enough “无论怎么也不过分；越越好；非常”.One cannot be too careful. 越认真越好.I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽.cannot help doing./cannot help but do./cannnot but do.“禁不住；不由得；不得不”.I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.When

5、 a close friend dies,you cannot but feel sad.2.may(1)(表准许、请求)可以You may go home now,Susan.苏珊,你现在可以回家了.May I have a word with you,please?我可以跟你说句话吗?(2)(表愿望、祝福)但愿；祝.此时,句子要用倒装语序.May you succeed!祝你成功!(3)(用于目的状语从句中)为了；为了能够He works hard so that he may get good grades.(4)(用于让步状语从句中)即使；无论Whatever he may say,I

6、 dont believe him.(5)构成句型：may/might as well do sth. “还是做某事的好；不妨去做某事”Since weve got nothing better to do,we might as well go for a walk.既然我们没什么更好的事情可做,我们不妨去散散步.3must(1)(表义务、必要性、命令)必须,得,要“Must I wash the dishes at once?”“No,you neednt.”“我得立刻洗这些盘子吗?”“不,不必.”Animals must eat to live.为了活下去,动物必须吃东西.【注】must

7、nt表“禁止、不准”.You mustnt play with the knife；you may hurt yourself.你不可玩刀子,你会把自己割伤的.(2)(表必然性)必定Everyone must die.每个人都必定会死.(3)(表固执、不满等)偏偏；硬要；偏要If you must know,Im going to help him look for an apartment.如果你偏要知道,那我告诉你,我要去帮助他找一套公寓.4shall(1)用于疑问句中,与第一、三人称连用,表示征求对方的意见Shall she go to the concert with us this

8、evening?Shall we go out for a walk?【注】may用于征求对方的许可,shall用于征求对方的意见或指示.May I have a look?我能看一下吗?Shall I have a look?要我看一下吗?(2)用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等Dont worry.You shall get the answer this very afternoon.不要焦急,今天下午你就会得到答复.(允诺)He shall be sorry one day.I tell you.我告诉你,他早晚有一天会后悔的.(警告)(3)(用于法律、

9、规则等条文中)应,须,得The fine shall be given in cash.罚款应以现金缴纳.5should(1)(表义务、责任)应该We should attend the meeting.我们应该参加这次会议.(2)(表预期)应该会,想必会,一定会吧The concert should be great fun.音乐会一定会很有意思.(3)(表惊讶、遗憾)竟然；居然Im glad that your story should have won the first prize.我很高兴你的小说居然赢得头奖.(4)(与疑问词连用,表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等)究竟是；到底Who shou

10、ld come in but my old friend Betty!我当是谁进来了呢,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀!(5)(用于条件状语从句中)一旦；万一If she should know the truth,she would be greatly depressed.万一她知道了实情,她将会非常失望.Should you change your mind,let us know.你一旦改变主意,就通知我们.(6)(用于表示命令、建议、请求的动词后面的that从句中,且should可省略)应该；必须She demanded that they (should) leave at once.她要

11、求他们立即离开.(7)(用于以lest,for fear that,in case引导的状语从句中)以免；唯恐She gave me a list just in case I should forget what to buy.她给了我一张清单,以免我忘记买些什么.6.表意愿，意志或决心（1）Will，would与各种人称连用，用于陈述句，表示主语的意愿，意志或决心。You can stay here as long as you can, if you will.如果你愿意，你能在这里呆多长时间就多长时间。（表示主语的意愿）-Mr.Gordon asked me to remind you

12、 of the meeting this afternoon. Dont you forget it!-Ok, I wont. (表示决心)-戈登先生让我提醒你，今天下午有会议。你可别忘了。-好的，我不会忘。（2）表示习惯和倾向Will(wont)可用来叙述真理，还可叙述目前的习惯，would (wouldnt)可用来叙述过去的习惯。Engines wont run without lubricant.没有润滑剂，发动机就不能运转。She will listen to records alone in her room for hours.他独自一人在屋里听唱片，常常一听就是几个小时。He w

13、ould spend hours in the bathroom or on the telephone.他以前一进洗澡间或是打电话，往往就是几个小时。注意：would和used to 都可表示过去的习惯，但是前者表示过去反复的动作，常与everyday ,often, frequently等连用，后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯，但现在已不存在。When she was aboard, he would read as many books as possible.在国外时，他总是尽可能多读书。She doesnt get up so early as she used to.她不像以前那样起

14、得那么早了。7. need和dare的用法Need和dare两者既可用情态动词也可用于实义动词。做实义动词时，有人称和数的变化。可用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do, does, did, 作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形。多用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时，不用助动词。另外，dare作情态动词时，还可用于if或whether引导的从句中，过去式为dared;作实义动词时，dare 用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；“I dare say”是习惯用法，意为“我想，大概”。He neednt do it.(情态动词)He doesnt

15、 need to do it.（实义动词）他不必做这件事。I didnt know whether he dared say that to him.（情态动词，有时态变化）我不知道他是否敢对他说那件事。He didnt dare (to) do it.（实义动词）He dared not do it.（情态动词）二、情态动词表推测情态动词must,can/could,may/might可以用来对事情进行推测.must表推测时只能用于肯定句,是对现在或过去的事情进行的推测,不能表对将来事情的推测,语气非常肯定,译为“一定”.can/could表推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句,也是对现在或过去的事情进行推测,但could偶尔可用于肯定推测.may/might表推测时一般用于肯定句或否定句,可对现在、过去或将来的事情进行推测,语气不很肯定,译为“可能”.此时,一般有两种结构：“情态动词be”1“情态动词be”结构通常用来对现在或将来的状况进行推测.The light is still on. He must