基础医学英语课件：Unit 14 Genetics of Cancer

1、Unit 14,Genetics of Cancer,metastatic metsttk a. 转移性的metastasis mtstss n. 转移；转移瘤metastasize mtstsazv.（癌细胞等）转移，扩散,gene,onco-: tumour, lump瘤, 肿,oncogene,carcinoma,-oma: tumor,carcino-: cancer,mutate mjutet vi. mutation mjuten n. mutant mjutnt n. 突变体 mutagen mjutdn n.诱变因素,plasm-血浆,cyto-cyte,cytoplasm,r

2、etinoblastoma,blast-: 胚，芽,retinoblast: 成视网膜细胞,osteoblast,成骨细胞,-oma -omatous,adeno-: 腺 adenoid:腺状肿,adenomatous,adenoma n. 腺瘤 adenomatosis n. 腺瘤病 dnomtoss,-osis: disease,polyp息肉,polyposis,-gen: genesis, origen,cancer,carcinogen,antigen allergen pathogen mutagen,-derma: skin,xero-: dry,xeroderma,xerost

3、omia 口干 xerosis 干燥症 xerophthalmia干眼病,Introduction,3 groups of malfunctioning genes and their functions. How is controlled cell growth maintained?,a. proto-oncogenes b. tumor suppressors c. DNA repair genes,prevent cell division,enhance cell division,help prevent mutations,Oncogenes and Signal Transd

4、uction,How does a proto-oncogene convert into an oncogene? Why is one copy of an oncogene is sufficient to cause alterations in cell growth?,改变位置,极度活跃,Tumor Suppressor GenesPara. 5-6,Why is the trait not expressed unless both copies of the normal gene are mutated? How can both genes become mutated?,

5、Retinoblastoma (RB),两侧的,单侧的,Tumor Suppressor GenesPara. 7,What are the three other cancers associated with defects in tumor suppressor genes? Why are cancers involving tumor suppressor genes often hereditary?,FPC,常染色体显性,常染色体隐性,DNA Repair Genes,Environmental factors that can damage DNA. How can errors in DNA replication result in cancers?,XP,Bloom syndrome 布卢姆综合征(胎儿期发育不全毛细血管扩张等常染色体隐性遗传病),Oral