多功能切菜机的设计【家用多功能蔬菜切菜机】【含8张CAD图纸和文档资料】
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家用多功能蔬菜切菜机
含8张CAD图纸和文档资料
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The worlds Latest Mechanical Design Conceptssource：China Science and Technology JournalAbstract:According to scholars at home and abroad to carry out mechanicaldesign product design features of the main ideas, product design method of theprogramsummarizedassystematic,modularstructure,basedonproductcharacteristics of knowledge and wisdom. The characteristics of these methods andtheir organic connection between them and put forward to achieve the computerproduct design direction.Key words: Mechanical Product Design MethodDevelopment Trends Design documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool inthe design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes andlines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such asdesign tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust thelines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the designprocess all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of theearly design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be definedby the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process,the leap from the abstract to the concrete.Asystematic design methodThe main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by anumber of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, eachelement of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the designelements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.Systematic design idea in the 70s by the German scholar Professor Pahl andBeitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design,advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on thebasis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems andproduct development design methods.1.The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structuredesign and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro fromthe product development process of starting the use of quality function deploymentmethod and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently convertedto the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational controlprocedures method.2.The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means ofliving systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successfulhierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level andproduct level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used toexpress the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structureformation of product features.3.The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basicquestions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way todetermine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations1; is the productdesign process as a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonablydetermine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.Because each designers point of research questions and to consider the questionof emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here aresome representative of the systematic design methods.4.Design Element MethodWith the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements,and surface parameters) describe the product solutions that a product to determinethe value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristicsof the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methodsdesigned to describe the products original understanding.5.Graphic modeling methodAnd developed a design analysis and guidance systems KALEIT, with thelevel of clear graphic description of a products functional structure and its associatedabstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphicalmodeling, and functional connection between the layers 2.Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology andexchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be usedgraphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integrationconditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relationsbetween any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integrationand information technology to realize the design process of information betweendifferent abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6.Concept - Design methodProducts design is divided into concept and design in two stages. Conceptphase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the originalunderstanding of design tasks. Design stage of work is a concrete realization of theoriginal understanding of the conceptual stage.Of the programs idea of specific described as: In accordance with theappropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of theoriginal understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function isperformed by the structural elements to achieve, and structural elements of thephysical connection between the definition of a feature vector, feature vector andstructural elements further the interaction between the formation of the functionaldiagram ( mechanical diagram). The program design is based on functional diagram,the first qualitative description of all of the feature vector and structural elements,and then quantitatively describe all the structural elements and the connection parts( feature vectors), the shape and location to be structure diagram3. Roper, H. usinggraph theory, by means of which he defines as the total design unit (GE), structuralelements (KE), functional structural elements (FKE), connect structural elements(VKE), Structural Parts (KT), structure element part (KET) concepts, as well asdescribe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of theinteractions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive designprofessionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of aneffective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to ideas anddesign stage.7.Bond Graph MethodFunction of the composition of system components will be divided into produceenergy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energytransfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping tofunction-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure theautomatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automaticconversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of designmethods.To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has somefeatures broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection andcombination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products.These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operationdepartment),andisserialized,universal,integrated,hierarchical,agile,economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. Chinascombination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant designcombined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification,will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level,component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledgeand CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specificationsof functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into differentmodules of the overall program processing center.To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure ofthe tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout,the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed tocomment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is verybeneficial to design engineers select solution elements.The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design andmanufacturing, as well as the product from the users functional requirements design processing assembly finished product of this realization of concurrentengineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals oneof the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensionalvisualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and moreintelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual realitytechnology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut.At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on researchhypermedia technology, product data exchange standard STEP, as well as standardvirtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtualenvironments) in the product design applications.Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligentdesign and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture ofdirection, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation startedlate, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools4. Authorbelieves that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effectiveway to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are moreinvolved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-relatedknowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory,computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such asdomain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in researchin this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD designtechnology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and itsmeasures to be taken.Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using acomputer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product andits design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriateknowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and theestablishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product,and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume anddecision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achievethis stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition ofknowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end,the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical systemdesign knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, theapproach can be summarized into the following several.本科毕业设计 题 目： 多功能切菜机的设计 英文题目：The design of multifunctional cutting machine 学 院： 机电工程学院 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 2015年11月20日 毕业设计（论文）独创性声明该毕业设计是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。文中除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或其他机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。其他同志对本研究的启发和所做的贡献均已在论文中作了明确的声明并表示了谢意。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 毕业设计（论文）使用授权声明本人完全了解XX学院有关保留、使用毕业设计的规定，即：学校有权保留送交毕业设计的复印件，允许被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存该毕业设计。保密的毕业设计在解密后遵守此规定。作者签名： 导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 摘要 蔬菜是人体必需的一种营养成分，食用的方式更是多种多样。因此把蔬菜加工成各种形状，如条状、片状等样式，单靠人工来完成既费时费力又不好加工。目前，多功能切菜机大多数都是价格比较昂贵的大型设备，不适合农民、个体、小型工厂的食品加工和生产。为了克服这样的缺点，本次设计在查阅了大量相关材料的基础上，进行多功能切菜机的设计，经过各种理论计算、校核，设计了一种小型多功能切菜机。主要由进料斗、下料斗、切削刀、刀盘及电动机组成，其工作的原理是利用根茎类蔬菜的重力作用实现进料，通过切削刀旋转将下料斗中的蔬菜切成片状或丝状，最后成品从出料口出来。实现了能够连续进料和出料，可调节形状、大小尺寸，具有生产效率高、功耗低、加工质量好等多个优点。 本次的设计就是多功能切菜机的设计，通过对多功能切菜机进行结构设计，以及其中的标准件进行选型设计，大大提高了它的稳定性。相信此次设计的多功能切菜机的出现将会大大提高食品菜肴的自动化程度和质量，为食品工业的生产以及人民生活水平的提高能够带来显著的进步，同时也在一定的程度上推进了机械工业的持续发展。关键词：机械产品；多功能切菜机；制造；主题 AbstractVegetables are a kind of food that the human body needs, and it is a variety of methods. So to the processing of vegetables into a variety of shapes, such as bars, sheets, etc.a manual to complete the process is time-consuming, laborious and not good processing. At present, machine for large expensive equipment, does not apply to individual farmers production and small factories in the food processing; in order to overcome the disadvantages, this design in access to a large number of relevant references based on, shredder machine design, through theoretical calculation and checking, design a small multifunctional cutting machine. The machine is mainly composed of a feed hopper, the hopper, cutting knife, cutter and the motor composition and its working principle is the free fall of the root vegetables can feed, through the cutting knife rotating the hopper in the vegetable slicing and shredding and finally finished by the material discharging mouth. Realize the continuous feeding and discharging, film thickness, wire thickness adjustable function, with high productivity, low power consumption, safe and reliable, good processing quality, etc.In the design, driving roller type conveyer manufacture and application, at present our country compared with foreign advanced level there are still large gaps, domestic in the design and manufacture of driving .This design is the optimization design of driving roller conveyor.Keywords：Driving roller ;Crankshaft;Processing craft XX学院机械设计制造及其自动化专业毕业设计目 录摘要IAbstractII1引言1 1.1 课题的来源与研究的目的和意义1 1.2 多功能切菜机的发展现状2 1.3 本课题研究的内容52多功能切菜机总体结构的设计7 2.1 多功能切菜机的总体方案图的确定8 2.2 多动能切菜机的工作原理9 2.3 机械传动部分的设计计算11 2.3.1 V带传动的设计计算13 2.3.2 传动轴的设计计算15 2.3.3 直线轴承的设计计算173多功能切菜机中主要零件的三维建模19 3.1切刀的三维建模21 3.2 电机的三维建模22 3.3飞轮盘的三维建模23 3.4多功能切菜机的三维建模24结论25致谢26参考文献270 1 引言1.1 课题的来源与研究的目的和意义机械工程可以增加产量，提高劳动生产率，提高生产的经济效益为目标，并研制和发展新的机械产品。在未来，新产品的开发，降低资源消耗，清洁的可再生能源，成本的控制，减少或消除环境污染作为一个超级经济目标和任务。人类现在能成为天空的上游和宇宙，潜入海洋，数十亿光年的密切观察，细胞和分子。电子计算机硬件和软件，人类的新兴科学已经开始加强，并部分代替人脑科学，这是人工智能。这一新的发展已经显示出巨大的作用，但在未来几年还将继续创造出不可思议的奇迹。人类智慧的增长并没有减少手的效果，而是要求越来越精致，手工制作，更复杂的工作，从而促进手功能。在人类的进化过程中，以及在每个人的成长过程中，大脑和手是互相促进和平行进化。随着时间的推移和时代的进步，国内多动能切菜机的发展越来越快，其自动化程度以及通用性能与发达资本主义国家相比同样有显著的提高，特别是在切菜质量和效率方面，明显缩小了技术上面的差距，从而反应出了中国机械工业的发展状况以及现状。传统的机械式的多功能切菜机已经不能完全满足当今市场的需要，迫切需要各种多功能的多功能切菜机来满足市场需求，因此浙江金明乐公司加大人力开发出了五个规格十种类型的多功能切菜机，然而我国所需的多功能切菜机全部依赖进口，这使得国产机械人配备多功能切菜机后，成本增加很大，而装备自行开发生产多功能切菜机，其成本提高不大，说明多功能切菜机的市场前景令人乐观。目前国外各个西方资本主义国家都在加大力度研发新型的多功能多功能切菜机。我国从上世纪九十年代开始生产多功能切菜机，于上世纪九十年代就自行设计制造出不同功能和形式的多功能切菜机之后，为了适应玉米加工厂家的需要，2011年又制造了基于单片机的多功能切菜机。并且经过实际应用，该圆盘式多功能切菜机已经得到了越来越广泛的应用，逐渐迈出了国内的市场，在资本主义国家已经得到了普遍的应用和发展，并且获得了越来越广阔的市场前景和利润价值。 机械工业的发展是一个漫长且持续的过程，需要几代人、几十代人的不懈努力，才能带动它的发展，其中设计人员的综合能力至关重要，需要懂实际，会设计计算等等多方面的条件，才能在彼此共同的努力下开发出完善的多功能切菜机，相信此次设计的多功能切菜机的出现将会大大提高食品菜肴的自动化程度和质量，为食品工业的生产以及人民生活水平的提高能够带来显著的进步，同时也在某种程度上推进了机械工业的不断发展。 1.2 多功能切菜机的发展现状 窗体顶端蔬菜是一种人体所需的重要食品，它的食用方法也多种多样。这样就需要把蔬菜加工成各种形状。手工完成费时费力而且不好处理。目前，切菜机大型设备昂贵，并不适用于个体农户生产和食品加工的小厂。为了克服这种缺点，就需要查阅机械设计相关文献，通过理论上的计算和检查，设计了一个小型的多功能切菜机。机器主要由进料斗，落料斗，切割刀，切割器和马达组合物和它的工作原理是根蔬菜的自由落体可以喂，通过切割刀的旋转料斗在蔬菜切片和粉碎和最后由排料口完成。实现持续进料和落料，薄厚、形状均可调节，具有生产率高，低功耗，安全可靠，加工质量良好等。 其他国家的切菜机技术在六十年代就已经出现，七十年代时基本发展成熟，到了八十年代中期，绝大多数切菜机可以加工直径在12.5cm以上的蔬菜，例如迈尔-布格耶斯公司生产的卧式内圆切菜机，切割蔬菜直径最大可以达30.48cm。八十年代中后期的，切菜切割技术达到相对鼎盛的时期。一些著名的切菜机厂家在那时诞生。发展到现在，就切菜机的功能而言，已经相当齐全，而且复合化，切菜的方式也多种多样。 直到20世纪70年代，已经研制成功。在80年代中期，大部分的切割机都可以加工125毫米以上的蔬菜，如瑞士迈尔直径 - 布格杰斯公司的水平圆切割机，切菜直径达到304.8毫米。于是诞生了世界上一些著名的切割机制造商，如瑞士的梅尔 - 汉堡股份公司，该公司的TS系列的机器，Ltd.of日本TokyoSemitsu TSK（几个）机系列。发展到现在，切割机的功能。这是相当完整，复合，也降低了各不相同。 我国的切菜机技术最早出现七十年代的初期，目前切割机在我国有以下几种：（1） 往复直线切割机。其结构简单，而且生产效率不高。因此它是适用于低效率和低效率的情况。其具体产品图如下图1所示： 图1 (2) 圆盘旋转式切菜。其机构简单，但生产效率较高，因此它被广泛应用于。其具体产品图如下图2所示： 图2（3） 在磁盘旋转切割。其机制简单，但生产效率也较高，因此也被广泛应。其具体产品图如下图3所示：图3（4）圆形切割机工作效率高，结构复杂，难于设计，且其切割技术与国外相比较有一定差距。其具体产品图如下图4所示： 图41.3 本课题研究的内容 本次设计主要针对多功能切菜机进行设计，从多功能切菜机的整体方案出发，细化其内部结构。具体设计步骤为以下几步;（1）到图书馆里查阅大量相关知识的资料，搜集各类多功能切菜机的原理及结构，挑选相关内容记录并学习。（2）分析多功能切菜机的主要结构与各项参数（3）确定设计总体方案（4）确定具体设计方案（5）绘制多功能切菜机的三维图、CAD装配图、零件图。（6）说明书的整理 2 多功能切菜机整体结构设计2.1 整体方案图本次设计的多功能切菜机主要由输送组件，带传动机构、切刀机构、去菜屑机构以及机架等组成，如下图5所示：图52.2 工作原理 该多功能切菜机的工作原理为通过人工将蔬菜放在输送带上面，然后蔬菜随着输送带的移动而移动，当到达切刀的位置后，切刀开始动作，由电机驱动V带传动机构带动切刀组件下降 ，从而实现蔬菜或者萝卜等等蔬菜类的切断，然后切断的蔬菜继续随着输送带移动到左端部，由去菜屑机构把多余的菜屑清除干净。2.3 机械传动部分的设计计算2.3.1 V带传动的设计计算1）设计功率 工况系数，查B1表8122 ，取1.2 P传递的功率2）选定带型根据和选取普通V带B型，小带轮转速为1440r/min3）传动比 1.76 4）小带轮基准直径（mm） 由B1表8112和表8114选定 100mm75r/min 5）大带轮基准直径（mm） 由B3表87得=150mm6）带速验算 7）初定轴间距（mm） 8）所需带的基准长度（mm） 650mm 依B1表818取900mm，即带型为A9009）实际轴间距 10）小带轮包角 = = 11）单根V带的基本额定功率 根据带型号、和普通V带取0.37kw12）时单根V带型额定功率增量根据带型号、和取0.15kw13）V带的根数ZZ =小带轮包角修正系数取0.96带长修正系数取0.8714） 单根V带的预紧力 = =134（N） mV带每米长的质量（kg/m）查B1表8124，取0.1k/gm15）作用在轴上的力 根据新带初预紧力为正常预紧力的1.5倍16）带轮的结构和尺寸带轮强度要好，其结构工艺性也要良好，质量的分布要均匀，重量轻，应避免由于铸造而产生过大的应力。轮槽表面粗糙度降低带的磨损。带轮的材料为HT200。查B1表8110得基准宽度制V带轮轮槽尺寸，根据带轮的基准直径查B2。其中V带轮的具体结构图如下图6所示：图62.3.2传动轴的设计计算（1）初步确定轴的直径mm 根据工作条件，取mm（2）传动轴受力分析N N N （3）绘制传动轴的受力简图，求支座反力垂直面支反力：由，得： 由，得： N 水平面支反力：由，得： N由，得： N （4）作弯矩图： A点 Nmm B点 Nmm C点Nmm （5）作转矩T图： Nmm具体的轴的图纸如下图7所示：图7（6）校核轴的强度：根据弯扭合成应力原则校核轴的强度校核危险截面的强度。由文献1，15-5可知，取，轴的计算应力 MPa 选定轴的材料为45钢，调质处理，由文献1表可知，MPa。因此，故安全。（7）精确校核轴的疲劳强度判断危险截面根据应力集中对轴的疲劳强度的影响，截面IV和V所引起的应力集中为最严重的，V受的弯矩较大。从受载的情况来看，截面C的应力最大，但应力集中不大，故C面不用校核。只需校核截面V。截面V左侧抗弯截面系数 mm 抗扭截面系数 mm 截面V左侧的弯矩M为 Mpa 截面V上的扭矩T为 MPa 截面上的弯曲应 Mpa 截面上的扭转切应力MPa 轴的材料选为45钢，并做调质处理。MPa，MPa，MPa。用插入法求出 ，轴按精车加工，可得其表面质量系数为： 轴未经表面强化处理，固得综合系数为 可知，碳钢的特性系数 取 取所以轴在截面V左侧的安全系数为 根据计算可得，该轴在截面V左侧的强度够。截面V右侧抗弯截面系数 mm抗扭截面系数 mm截面V左侧的弯矩M为 MPa截面V上的扭矩T为 MPa 截面上的弯曲应力 MPa截面上的扭转切应力 MPa由于轴肩在截面上而形成的理论应力集中系数及取：因， ，轴的材料的敏感系数为 ，因此效应力集中系数按文献1，附为 轴的截面形状系数为轴的材料的敏感扭转剪切尺寸系数为综合系数为 所以轴在截面V左侧的安全系数为 通过计算可得该轴截面V左侧的强度够。2.3.3直线轴承的设计计算 通过切刀上下运行，为了要保证平稳，需要有导向装置，这里就需要设计导向光杆和直线轴承配合整个切菜装置。1直线轴承的选择 用于测试的POM工程塑料支架；钢架适用于工作温度；不锈钢轴承适用于水，蒸汽，硝酸等腐蚀性介质和真空的工作场所，按下列公式确定型轴承的计算。硬度：硬度系数FH HRC58的硬度，hrc52-58，FH = 0.6-1.0 FH = 1。FT的温度
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