初中英语语法——感叹句

1、第 篇 感叹句一、教学目标: 1.掌握感叹句的六种句式。 2.掌握如何将陈述句变为感叹句。二、教学重难点： 1.How与 what 引导感叹句的不同。 2.感叹句的省略。三、主要知识点： 1.感叹句的定义 用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句（exclamatory sentence）.感叹句句尾常用感叹号，亦可用句号，朗读时用降调，在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great ! How cold ! 2.感叹句的六种句式 一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的，它有两个类型，六种句式。掌握了它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。1.用 what 引导的感叹句有三种句

2、式，此时，what 为形容词，用作定语，修饰它后面的名词或名词词组（即感叹部分是名词性短语）。 1）. What +a / an + 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！e.g.: What a fine day it is！ 多么好的天气啊！（辅音音素前用a）What an old building that is！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊（元音音素前用an） 2）. What + 形容词可数名词复数形式主语谓语！e.g.: What good teachers they are！ 他们是多么好的老师啊！What beautiful flowers these are！ 这些是多么美丽的花啊！ 3)

3、. What + 形容词不可数名词主语谓语！e.g.: What thick ice we are having here！ 我们这儿的冰多厚啊！What round bread it is！ 这是一块多么圆的面包啊！2.用 how 开头的感叹句也有三种句式，此时， how 是副词，用作状语，修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。 4). How 形容词主语谓语！ （即谓语动词是连系动词） e.g.: How hot it is today！ 今天天气多热啊！How beautiful the flowers are！ 这些花多么美丽啊！ 5). How 副词主语谓语！ e.g.: How hard

4、he works！ 他工作多么努力啊！How well she sings！ 她歌唱得多好啊！ 6). How + 主语谓语！（即谓语动词是行为动词）e.g.: How she dances！ 她跳舞跳得多好啊！注意： what 和 how 引起的感叹句，在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。e.g.: How cold （ it is ） ！ What a good girl！ What delicious fish！（三）陈述句变感叹句全解 1.如何快速掌握感叹句？ 学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键，陈述句变感叹句实际上,就是句子成分位置的移动。e.g.: She

5、 is smiling sweetly. How sweetly she is smiling! （移动状语） 2.哪些句子成分可能会移动位置？ 通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置，一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。 位置可能会变动的句子成分：宾语、表语和状语。e.g.: Mr. Turner told us a funny story. What a funny story Mr. Turner told us!（移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语） 3.如何确定使用what还是使用how？ 当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用wha

6、t还是用how，一般可以这样来确定：位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what，是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + Ne.g.: What a cool bike you are riding!（a cool bike 名词短语）How fast he is riding!（fast 副词）How cool a bike you are riding!（how + adj. + a/ an +N） 4.如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词？ 名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词，以元音音素开头的词语之前用an，以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。

7、e.g.: What beautiful sunshine it is today!（sunshine 不可数名词） What a useful book this is!（useful 以辅音音素开头）What an old house that is!（old 以元音音素开头） 5.感叹句的六种句式见“二” 6.以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换？这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的: 含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。e.g.: What an expensive glass he

8、broke! How expensive a glass he broke! 名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。e.g.: How beautiful the birds are! what beautiful birds they are!（说明：N代表名词，未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式，S代表主语，V代表动词） 7.在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略？ 常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。e.g.: What a naughty boy!（省略了he is） 8.陈述句变感叹句的歌诀 陈述句述事实，

9、感叹句表感情。 陈述变成感叹句，主谓系表先分清。 宾语状语移句首，表语亦须打头阵。 名词之前用what，形副之前how先行。 复数名词无冠词，事先分析莫轻心。 如果名词不可数，摒弃a, an不留情。 冠词a, an要分明，清音辅音是标准。 句子结构要完整，标点符号亦变更。 总结规律进步快，编个歌诀给你听。（四）其它句式变感叹句有时陈述句、疑问句（句中常有so或much）以及祈使句也可直接转化为感叹句，不需要改变词的位置，只要改变原来的音调（即变为降调）。e.g.: Hes such a nice boy! 多好的孩子！How can you be so clever! 你怎么这么聪明！Don

10、go with us! 别和我们一起去！Have you ever seen such a thing? 你曾见过这种事情吗？四、主要方法： 感叹句的讲解首先要让学生能够划分句子成分，尤其是在讲解how与 what引导感叹句的区别的时候。五、典型例题 例1. _ food youve cooked! A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How nice D. What nice答案: D. 评析：由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词，且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除，C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + ad

11、j. +n. (不可数)例2. _terrible weather weve been having these days! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 答案: A. 评析：weather为不可数名词，B，D排除, C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。例3. - _ I had! - You really suffered a lot. A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time答案:A.评析：感叹句分两类：1：What + n.+主谓部分

12、2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。六、练习 A 类:一、选择题 1. _ delicious the dish is!A. WhatB. HowC. What a 2. _ strange clothes he is wearing!A. What aB. What C. How a 3. _ an interesting subject it is!A. WhatB. HowC. What an 4. _ foggy it was yesterday!A. WhatB

13、. What aC. How 5. _ careless a boy you are!A. HowB. What aC. What6. _ a nice watch it is! A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a7. _ bright girls they are!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a8. _ interesting the film is!(1998湖北) A. What B. What an C. How D. How an9._ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk.(1999江西)

14、A. How a B. How C. What a D. What10. _ hard work it is!(1999浙江) A. How B. What C. What a D. What an11. _ day it is! Its rainy again. (1999江西) A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine12. _ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海)A. How a B. What a C. How D. What13. _ expensive trousers!(199

15、9浙江) A. What B. What aC. HowD. What an14. The sun is shining. fine day it is!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 15. thick ice! Would you like to go skating? A. WhatB. How C. What a D. How a 16. cold it is today! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 17. its blowing! A. What strong B. How strong C. How st

16、rongly D. What strongly18. _ they are playing in the playground!A. How happily B. How happy C. What happy D. What happy children19. beautiful flowers! Where did you buy them?A. How B. What C. What a D. How a20. honest Angela is!A. How a B. What an C. What a D. How21. useful work she has done!A. What

17、 B. How C. What a D. How a二. 把下列句子改为感叹句：用what与 how填空1. His handwriting is good. _ good his handwriting is!2. These photos are nice. _ nice these photos are! 3. Betty sings well. _ _ well Betty sings! 4. They are working hard. _hard they are working! 5. Jenny was very disappointed when she saw this.

18、_disappointed Jenny was when she saw this.6. It is a wonderful concert _a wonderful concert it is! 7. They looked worried. _ worried they looked! 8. The young man speaks English well. _well the young man speaks English! 9. They are beautiful flowers. _ beautiful flowers they are!10. It is a difficul

19、t problem. _a difficult problem it is !11. Tom has strong arms. _ strong arms Tom has!12. I missed my old friends very much. _ I missed my old friends!13. The children like their teacher very much. _ the children like their teacher!14. This kind of flower smells nice. _nice this kind of flower smell

20、s!15. Time flies fast. _ fast time flies!16. He works hard at his lessons. _ hard he works at his lessons!17. The pyramids are made of huge stones. _huge stones the pyramids are made of!B类：一、选择题1. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright2. _ weather we have toda

21、y! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine3. _ careless he is! A. What B. How C. So much D. How much4. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is itC. How long way is it D. What a long way it is5. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleas

22、ant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise6. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an7. _ nice picture you gave me! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an8. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.A. What an, aB. what, aC. How an, the D. H

23、ow; the9. An earthquake hit Indonesia yesterday. - terrible news! A. How a B. What aC. How D. What10. Dad, do you like my picture?- ! Its the nicest one Ive ever seen!A. What a strong boy B. How carefulC. How wonderful D. What a brave boy11. Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist (相扑手). Wow, !A. How a

24、 fat man B. What a fat man C. How fat man D. What fat man12. What it is! A. nice dayB. nice weather C. a nice weather13. Mrs Smith is!A. How kind woman B. What a kind womanC. What kind woman D. How a kind woman14. piece of important information we have got!A. What a B. What C. What an D. How15. is r

25、unning!A. How fast a boy B. How fast boyC. What fast the boyD. How fast the boy二. 把下列的句子改为感叹句。 A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture.B: _ A: Mr. Wang is a busy man.B: _ A: The cat is very happy.B: _ A: The tractor is going very slowly.B: _ A: He is very lucky.B: _ A: It is a wet day today.B: _ A: T

26、hey started early.B: _ A: They waited a long time.B: _ A: He is wearing a large shirt.B: _ A: The dolphin is playing happily.B: _11. It is quite a nice present._ _ nice present!12. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today!13. Its sunny today._ _ sunny day it is today!14. The children ar

27、e working hard._ _ the children are working!15. She played basketball wonderfully._ _ she played basketball!16. He is good at singing._ _ he sings!17. He was doing well in dancing._ a _ dancer he was!18. Tom coughs badly._ _ _ cough Tom has!19. The fish is very lovely._ _ the fish is!20. They live a happy life today._ _ _ life they live!附：答案A类：选择：15：BBACA 610：BACCB 1115：BBADA 1621：BCABDA把下列句子改为感叹句：1. How. 2. How. 3. How 4. How 5