初中英语讲义(教案)： 初二英语 时态讲解 一般过去时

1、 一般过去时 一、导入 孩子弄的大人没脾气 儿子问老公：张飞他妈姓什么？ 老公：不知道。 儿子：笨，姓吴，无事生非（吴氏生飞）都不知道。 儿子再问：张飞他爸姓什么？ 老公思索半天，猛拍脑门：姓惹，惹事生非！ 儿子狂笑：笨死了！姓张！你不跟你爸姓呀。 二、（1）专题讲解 一般过去时 1、定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语 连用；也可表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作和行为。 2、时间状语：yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning , just now , a moment ago ,two

2、days ago , last night / year / week , before 11:00 , in the past ，at that time等 3、使用情况： （1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 我昨天7点起床。 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公交车去上班。 4.一般现在时的结构及句型变化 结构：一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式： （1)、结构一（谓语动词为be动词时） J 肯定句：主语+be(was，wer

3、e)+其它. （注：am,iswas, arewere）J 否定句：主语+be+not+其它. 一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它? e.g. I was late yesterday. e.g. They were in Bei jing last year. I was not late yesterday. They werent in Bei jing last year. Were you late yesterday？ Were they in Bei jing last year？ Yes, I was. Yes, they were. No, I wasnt. No, they we

4、rent am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） (2）、结构二（谓语动词为情态动词时） (注意：情态动词 can ，may ，have to 等等。） 肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它.J 否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它? E.g. The old man could swim 30 years ago. The old man couldnt swim 30 years ago. Could the old

5、man swim 30 years ago? Yes, he could. No, he couldnt. 常用情态动词过去式如下： cancould（能，会） maymight（可以） have tohad to（不得不） shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数 willwould（将要）用于所有人称 (3)、结构三（谓语动词为实义动词时） 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它.J 否定句：主语+ didnt +动词原形+其它. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ E.g. Li Ming studied English this morning. E.g. We often pl

6、ayed tennis in the past. Li Ming didnt study English this morning. We didnt often play tennis in the past. Did Li Ming study English this morning？ Did you often play tennis in the past? Yes, he did. Yes, we did. No, he didnt. No, we didnt. 注：1.谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定句和一般疑问句一律找助动词did来帮忙（过 去时不分人称和单复数，都是加did或di

7、d not） 2.前面出现了助动词，后面的动词一律用原形。 3.变一般疑问句时，一问一答的关系当中，第一人称和第二人称要相互交换。 5.一般过去时的特殊疑问句： 结构：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句？ 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？ E.g. Where were you last night？ What did Jim do yesterday? Where did you walk to yesterday？ How did you find the job? 6、动词的过去式 1、动词过去式的规则变化 (1)、一般词尾加-ed stay-

8、stayed help - helped ask - asked look-looked watch - watched (2）、以e结尾的只加-d hope-hoped love - loved dance - danced livelived （3）、末尾三个字母以“辅+元+辅”结尾，且为重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音 字母，再加-ed Stop- stopped plan- planned drop - dropped beg - begged （4)、“辅音字母+y”尾，变y为i, 再加 -ed carry - carried study - studied hurry - hurrie

9、d 2、动词过去式的不规则变化 （见书后表格） 7、口诀： 动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事； be用was或用were, have,has变had； 谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志； 一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单，主语之后didnt添； 疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原； 动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。（2）变式练习 一、写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ _ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ dra

10、w_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ 二、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair

11、on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.四、巩固练习 一、句型变换。 1、There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_ 2 They played football on the playground. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_二、用所给动词的适当形式填

12、空。 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to the zoo yesterday, Tom _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday

13、. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night. 5、 拓展训练 一、句型转换。 1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _ _ her homewor

14、k at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） _ _ _ she _ there? 4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句) _ there _ orange in the cup? 二、单项选择： 1My fatherill yesterday Aisnt Barent Cwasnt Dwerent 2your parents at hom

15、e last week AIs BWas CAre DWere 3The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now Aare; were Bwere; are Cwas; are Dwere; was 4your father at work the dayyesterday (前天） AWas; before BIs; before Cwas; are Dwere; was 5Who was on duty last Friday AI am BI was CYes, I was DNo, I wasnt 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Dont _

16、the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean) 2. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do) 3. They _ (make) a kite a week ago. 4. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick) 5. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water) 6. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chines

17、e dances. 7. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 家庭作业 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式 go _ _ enjoy _ _ buy _ _ eat _ _ get _ _ walk _ _ take _ _ dance _ _ write _ _ run _ _ swim _ _ find _ _ begin _ _ eat _ _ play _ _ study _ _二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month

18、.2. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So he _ (get) up late.3. Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning. 4. Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.5. My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.6. There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be)7. -When _ you _ (come) to china?-Last yea

19、r.8. _ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?9. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term? 10. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it. 初中英语不规则动词表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithit

20、hit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上, 闭起,停止营业2.ABB动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beatbi:t beatbi:t beatenbi:tn 打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变come

21、kmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/ hunghhanged/ hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitli

22、t/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明, 证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun, n使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shownun展示, 给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspelt

23、spelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来，叫醒, 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建, 重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形ought ought 动词原形过去

24、式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想 (4) 原形aught aught动词原形过去式过去分词catchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土), 挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到g

25、etetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导, 带领, 领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsatstsatst坐shootu:tshottshott射击spitspitspit/spatsptspit/spatspt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插进, 刺入, 粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn赢（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkep

26、tkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋, 放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standstndstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,ndstndunderstood,ndstnd明白loselu:zlostlst, l:stlostlst, l:s

27、t失去havehvhadhd, hd, dhadhd, hd, d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld卖tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告诉retell,ri:telretold,ri:tuldretold,ri:tuld重讲，重复，复述5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowblublewblu:blown吹drive draiv drovedruvdrivendrivn驾驶drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n画画eati:tateet,eiteateni:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallenf:ln落下giveivgaveeivgivenivn给growrugrewru:grownrun生长forgivefivforgotftforgiven原谅, 饶恕knownuknewnju:, nu:known知道mistakemisteikmistoo