必修一英语话题4自然灾害

1、话题4 自然灾害,基础知识自测,1. _ n. 地震 2. _ n. 管；导管 3. _ n. 事件； 大事 4. _ n. 运河；水道 5. _ n. 砖；砖块,brick,earthquake,pipe,event,canal,6. _ n. 掩蔽处；避身处 7. _ n. 要点；大纲；轮廓 8. _ n. 灾难；灾祸 9. _ vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 10. _ vi. (burst, burst)爆发,burst,shelter,outline,disaster,bury,11. _ adj. 极度的 12. _ adv. 真诚地; 真挚地 13. _ n. 废墟 vt.毁灭 14.

2、 _ vt. 表示; 表达 n.快车 15. _ n. 裁判员; vt.断定,judge,extreme,sincerely,ruin,express,(A)单词派生,二、单词拓展,1. _ n.矿，矿山 _ n. 矿工 2. _ v. 判断 _ n. 判断；辨别力,judgment,mine,miner,judge,3. _ vt. 损害; 伤害 _ n. 损害; 伤害 _ adj.受伤的 4. _ v. 祝贺; 恭喜 _ n. 祝贺; (复数)贺词,congratulation,injure,injury,injured,congratulate,5. _ adj. 电的; 导电的 _ n

3、. 电; 电流; 电学 _ adj.与电有关的 6. _ v. (使)惊吓 _ adj. 受惊的; 受恐吓的 _ adj. 令人恐惧的,frightening,electric,electricity,electrical,frighten,frightened,1. Two players are out of the team because of _.(injure) 介词后要接名词。 2. My personal _ is that he is to blame. (judge) 形容词后接名词构成名词词组作主语。,judgement,injury,3. I think it is d

4、angerous for _ (mine) to work in such terrible conditions.,miners,意为“矿工”。,4. His _ (frighten) eyes made the boy feel_ . 5. Bob left me his _(electric) fan before he went to London. 形容词修饰后面的名词。,frightening,frightened,electric,感到恐惧的,令人恐惧的,1. _ 立刻; 马上 2. _ 许多; 大量的 3. _ 结束; 终结 4. _ 严重受损; 成为废墟,三、短语翻译,in

5、ruins,right away,a (great) number of,at an end,5. _ 掘出; 发现 6. _ 仿佛; 好像 7. _ 代替 8. _ 像往常一样,as usual,dig out,as if,instead of,9. _ 被困住, 被套住 10. _ 横切 11. _ 三分之二 12. _ 灾害侵袭的地区,disaster-hit areas,be trapped,cut across,two thirds,四、语篇填空,At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was

6、 at an end! Eleven kilometres 1 _(direct) below the city, the 2 _(great) earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 3 _is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across house

7、s, roads and canals.,directly,greatest,which,Steam burst from holes 4 _ the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city 5 _ (lie) in ruins. The suffering of the people 6 _(be) extreme. Two-thirds of them died 7 _were injured during the earthquake. Thous

8、ands of families were killed and many 8 _ (child) were left without parents.,in,lay,was,or,children,9 _ number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were har

9、d 10 _(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.,The,to get,1. directly 修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意为“正好”在这座城市下面。 2. greatest 前有the，后有of the 20th century表示范围，可以确定用最高级。 3. which 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是Beijing。 4. in 说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用in；类似的墙上有洞，也用in。 5. lay 由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一般过去时，lie的过去时是lay。lie in

10、ruins成为废墟。,6. was 主语是The suffering(痛苦)，第三人称单数，一般过去时，故填was。 7. or 指死了“或者”受伤。 8. children 受many修饰要用复数。 9. The 从后面的数字看是指“数量”，表示“的数量”用the number of。 10. to get 在作表语或补语的形容词后只能用不定式作状语。,五、语段改错,All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to helping the rescue work

11、ers. Hundreds of thousands people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those that were trapped and to bury the dead.,To the north of the city, most of the10,000 miners are rescued from the coal mines here. Workers built shelters to survivors whose home had been destroyed. Fresh water was

12、 taken to the city by the train, truck and plane. Slow, the city began to breath again.,1. helping help 作目的状语用不定式(to do)。 2. 在people前加of 表示具体几千人不用of，thousand也不用复数，如three thousand people；表示数以千计的人，thousands后要加of。 3. that who 当先行词是指人的those时，只能用who引导定语从句。 4. are were 由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过去时。 5. here there 指这座

13、城市北面的煤矿“那里”。,6. to for 表示“为某人”造庇护所/房子，用for sb.。 7. home homes 由前面的shelters和survivors可知，用复数。 8. 去掉by后的the 用by表示“乘”车/船/飞机等，习惯上说by bus /train/boat/plane，不用冠词。 9. Slow Slowly 位于句首，修饰全句，用副词作状语。 10. breath breathe 表示开始做某事是begin to do sth.，故名词breath要改为动词breathe。,重点词汇讲练,原句 In the city, the water pipes in so

14、me buildings cracked and burst. 城市里, 一些大楼的水管破裂了。(B1P26),1. burst v. 爆裂; 突发,例句 The balloon suddenly burst.气球突然爆炸了。,burst in闯进来；突然插嘴 burst into laughter=burst out laughing放声大笑 burst into tears=burst out crying放声大哭,搭配, When we were chatting in the room, he burst _.,运用 填入一个恰当的词。, The audience burst _ ch

15、eers., As she was talking, the old man burst _crying with excitement.,out,into,in,2. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤，损害 例句 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受伤。,理解 说出下列各句的汉语意思。 He injured his knee yesterday. I hope I didnt injure her feelings. Dishonest injures a busines

16、s.,欺骗有害生意。,他昨天伤了膝盖。,我希望我没有伤害她的感情。,3. destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭(damage sth. so badly that it cannot be repaired or it no longer exists，works， etc.) 例句 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 无论人们朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。, destroy强烈摧毁，无法或难以修复；毁掉(名誉、希望、计划等)。如： The houses were destroyed by a fire. 房屋

17、被火灾所毁。 ruin(逐渐)彻底毁灭；弄坏(美好经历或有用物)。如： Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry. 牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。,辨析 destroy，ruin the number of(+复数名词)的数目。前者作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后者作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,The number of the people invited to the party _(be)50 last night, but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons.1,运用 用所给词

18、的适当形式填空。,was,were,写作句型仿写,原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26),1. It seems as if 看上去好像 ; 似乎,例句 It seemed as if the sky would fall down. 似乎天要塌下来了。,仿写 看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。 _ except me.,说明 其中as if 可用as though替代,It seems as if everybody knows it,原句 Everywhere they looked nearly everyth

19、ing was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看, 那里的一切都几乎被毁了。(B1P26),2. Everywhere无论哪里(=wherever),例句 Everywhere she goes, she will receive warm welcome.无论她走到哪, 她都会受到热烈欢迎。,仿写 无论他走到哪儿, 我都会找到他。 _, I will find him.,Everywhere he goes,例句 All students can not go to key university after they graduate from middle school.不是所有的学生

20、中学毕业后都能上重点大学。,3. all. not=not all.并非都,原句 All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。(B1P26),仿写 并不是每个人都像你那么自私。,说明 all, both, each, always, every及every的合成词与not 连用时表部分否定。,_ is as selfish as you.,Not everyone,原句 The chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.鸡甚至猪也太紧张了以至于不吃东西了。,4. too+ adj./ adv. +(for s

21、b.) to do sth. 太以至于不,例句 The man is too honest to play a trick like that. 这个人很诚实, 不会搞那样的恶作剧的。,说明 在以下三种情况下，此结构是肯定意义： 当形容词是表心情的ready，glad，happy，eager，willing等时，表肯定； 和never，not连用时，意为“非常，怎么做也不过分”。 在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，表肯定，且带有一定的感情色彩。,(1) 这个箱子太重了, 我搬不动。 The box is _ for me _.,仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。,(2) 我十分渴望见到你。 Im _ to _ you.,see