EM165柴油机机体机械加工工艺及其组合机床钻孔夹具设计含8张CAD图
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EM165
柴油机
机体
机械
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EM165柴油机机体机械加工工艺及其组合机床钻孔夹具设计含8张CAD图,EM165,柴油机,机体,机械,加工,工艺,及其,组合,机床,钻孔,夹具,设计,CAD
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外文文献One. A foreword Development of diesel engines has been a hundred years of history, to the production of human life brought extraordinary convenience, but also to the development of human society provided the impetus extraordinary. In the development process more than a century, the diesel technology has appeared three times a qualitative leap.In industrialized countries, essentially all trucks use diesel engines. In recent years, with the diesel engine turbocharged, intercooled, direct injection, exhaust gas catalytic converters and particulate traps and other advanced technology, diesel emissions have reached the Euro , emission standard in Europe, and thus set off a car engine of climax, Volkswagen AG, General Motors, Toyota Motor Corporation and other large auto companies also used diesel cars. In a growing shortage of oil resources, the development of diesel vehicles will be one focus of future automotive industry. According to the National Automobile Development Plan, fifth period, diesel cars accounted for the proportion of total output in 2000 from 29.7% to around 35%, in the car to achieve full of diesel. At present, China diesel cars, diesel mini-vehicle production has just started, Volkswagen has developed a Jetta, Bora diesel cars in the domestic part of the city market. Diesel engine compression ratio, high thermal efficiency, its fuel consumption is 30% lower than gasoline to 40%, plus diesel and motor gasoline and low processing costs compared to 5%, with the worlds universal attention to energy-saving cars , automotive diesel engine development is the trend of the global automobile industry. In addition to lower fuel consumption than the gasoline engine, the diesel and gasoline engine also has the power compared to large, long life and good dynamic performance, it produces greenhouse emissions 45% lower than gasoline, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are also low, but its Nitrogen oxide emissions slightly larger than the gasoline engine, large emissions of harmful particles.Two. EM165 diesel engine uses:EM165 diesel land available, with pulleys, couplings, clutches as agricultural irrigation, generators, welding machines, air compressors, pumps, crushers and construction machinery, such as power; while marine, coupled with inverted car clutch. After the reduction gear box, power can be used as fishing vessels, inland waterways host and auxiliary vessels.Three. EM165 diesel engine structural features: 1. the body: the cylinder block and crankcase cast as a whole, on both sides of the inspection hole, the wet cylinder liners, made of ductile iron, good wear resistance. 2. Crankshaft: The ductile iron, after normalizing to improve the mechanical properties, good wear resistance. 3. cylinder heads: each cylinder heads, intake and exhaust ports are placed on one side, the other side is equipped with injection machines, cylinder head made of cast iron. 4. 45 # steel rod with forging, the shaft is H, the bulk of the flat incision. 5. the piston is made of aluminum alloy. Equipped with three gas rings and two oil rings, the first ring of porous chrome, piston pin for high-quality steel carburizing, hardening the surface. 6.valve train, intake and exhaust valves for the heat-resistant steel, ductile iron camshaft. 7. lubrication system Pressure splashed oil pump gear pump for the grade. 8. the governor of the mechanical centrifugal whole program. 9. with a single fuel injection pump, fuel injector for the hole axis inclined.Fourth. the current situation and development of diesel engines: Early seventies, and for the first time by the introduction of emission regulations affecting the world oil crisis, diesel fuel and low HC, CO emission characteristics of attention once again, the industry began to research and development of a new generation of diesel engines, designed to improve engine power performance and reduce emissions and noise and vibration. This provides new opportunities for application in diesel cars. Simultaneous development of world science and technology development, especially in electronics, precision machining, and testing of new materials such as high-tech equipment for the realization of this opportunity to provide technical possibility. 20 years thereafter, new combustion engine, direct injection combustion system, turbocharged and intercooled, electronically controlled high pressure injection, EGR valve structure and four other new technologies have been developed to the extent practical, diesel exhaust after treatment technology and high-quality diesel The development is also made substantial progress.Modern automotive diesel engine has excellent overall performance high thermal efficiency, high power, high torque and low fuel consumption, low emissions, low noise: liter power increased by more than 15%, direct injection diesel engine fuel consumption by 20% to 30% lower than gasoline , emissions meet Euro III Euro IV standards, the overall greenhouse gas emissions 45% lower than gasoline, but also basically reached the level of noise and vibration gasoline. Thus significantly speeding up the process of commercial vehicle diesel fuel, diesel cars get widely used. China joined the WTO, the World engines and parts production has shifted from the high-cost areas to low-cost regions. Therefore, at present in China has established a number of engine parts foreign, including: electronic control systems, pump nozzle, turbocharger, electrical appliances, pistons, piston rings, bearings, cylinder head castings and body filters and other products in the field . The use of foreign resources to make up for a lot less than the internal combustion engine technology and equipment parts industry, and promote the product upgrade key components, but also for the car to provide better conditions by improving the level of diesel technology. Prominent changes in technology development is centered around the theme of environmental protection and speed up the electronic controls, high-pressure injection, application and development of direct injection combustion chamber, turbocharged and intercooled, and other advanced technology, the Chinese automotive diesel engine on a new technological level level. But compared with foreign car behind China in general 10 to 15 years with a diesel engine products, product variety is also missing car less heavy, key components such as the fuel injection system is still seriously hampered the development of the whole product. Emission regulations in China is growing at about 5 to 8 in Europe later in the speed propulsion, from Europe to achieve the Euro II to III, IV across Europe still faces many difficulties. A large gap between the level of foreign reserves mainly due to lack of technology. Because of funding, management mechanism and means of scientific research and other reasons, the Chinese diesel engine industry leading international and master the key technology is not enough, not strong independent development capacity, more difficult to be innovative and breakthrough.Fifth. the technology development of the diesel engineThe 21st century is the era of science and technology and the era of highly developed productive forces, but also full of challenges and opportunities. The world auto industry continues to face global environmental pollution and scarcity of oil resources and other issues, the United States, Japan and European countries regard to reduce vehicle pollution impact on the environment and energy conservation as cutting-edge issues in the 21st century automotive technology, but also to solve the problem pathway has also been a consensus, which is the three arrows shot - such as the future development of fuel cell-powered, clean fuel engine development, and improve the development of diesel engines, gasoline engines. For automotive diesel engine, the key direction is to further reduce fuel consumption, NOX emissions and particulate emissions to meet future more stringent fuel consumption regulations and emissions regulations. Emphasis on future technology development will further optimize the combustion process, the development of more effective and practical rear exhaust treatment systems, and the introduction of new low sulfur fuel. China should be the basis of the current research projects have been carried out on the combustion chamber of direct injection, four-valve, turbocharged and intercooled, more in-depth study of electronically controlled high pressure injection and EGR, etc., as soon as possible to grasp the extent practical. While a study to develop diesel exhaust after-treatment system. The oil industry should be developed with low-sulfur diesel. In terms of development approach, product development and technology development combined with industry, academia, research integration, self-development and international cooperation, the introduction of the combination.中文译文一、前言柴油机的发展已经有一百多年的历史，给人类的生产、生活带来了非凡的便利，也给人类社会的发展提供了不同凡响的动力。在一个多世纪的发展过程中，柴油机技术先后出现了三次质的飞跃。在工业发达国家，载货汽车基本上全部使用柴油机。近年来，随着柴油机采用涡轮增压、中冷、直喷、尾气催化转换和颗粒捕集器等先进技术，柴油机排放已达到欧、欧排放标准，因而也掀起了小轿车柴油机化的高潮，德国大众汽车公司、美国通用汽车公司、日本丰田汽车公司等大型汽车公司的小轿车也采用了柴油机。在石油资源越来越短缺的我国，发展柴油车将是未来汽车工业的重点之一。根据国家汽车发展规划，“十五”期间，柴油车占汽车总产量的比重要从2000年的29.7%提高到35%左右，中型车要全部实现柴油化。目前我国柴油轿车、柴油微型车生产刚开始起步，一汽大众已经开发出捷达、宝来柴油轿车，在国内部分城市上市。柴油机的压缩比高，热效率高，其燃料消耗量比汽油机低30%40%，加上车用柴油与车用汽油相比加工成本又低5%，随着世界各国对汽车节能的普遍重视，汽车发动机向柴油机化发展已是全球汽车工业发展的大趋势。除燃料消耗量比汽油机低外，柴油机与汽油机相比还具有功率大、寿命长、动力性能好的特点，它排放产生的温室效应比汽油低45%，一氧化碳与碳氢排放也低，但其氮氧化物排放略大于汽油机，有害颗粒排放大。二、EM165型柴油机的用途： EM165柴油机陆用时，配以皮带轮、联轴器、离合器作为农业排灌、发电机、电焊机、空压机、水泵、碎石机及建筑机械等动力；船用时，配上倒顺车离合器。减速齿轮箱后，可用作渔轮船动力，内河航运主机及轮船辅机。三、EM165型柴油机的结构特点： 1、机体：汽缸体和曲轴箱铸成整体，两侧有检查孔，汽缸套为湿式，用球墨铸铁制成，耐磨性好。 2、曲轴：用球墨铸铁制成，经正火处理后，提高了机械性能，耐磨性好。 3、汽缸盖：每缸一盖，进排气道都安置在一侧，另一侧装有喷油机，缸盖用铸铁制成。 4、连杆用45#钢模锻而成，杆身为工字型，大头为平切口。 5、活塞用铝合金制成。装有三道气环和二道油环，第一环为多孔镀铬，活塞销为优质钢渗碳，表面淬火。 6、配气机构，进排气门为耐热钢制成，凸轮轴用球墨铸铁。 7、润滑系统为压力飞溅复合式，油泵为等级齿轮泵。 8、调速器为机械离心全程式。 9、用单体式喷油泵，喷油器为单孔轴斜式。四、柴油机的现状与发展： 七十年代初，受世界石油危机和首次出台废气排放法规的影响，柴油机省油和低HC、CO排放的特点再度受到关注，工业界开始了新一代柴油机的研究开发，旨在提高柴油机动力性并减少废气排放和噪声振动。这为柴油机在轿车上的应用提供了新的机遇。世界科学技术的同步发展，尤其是电子技术、精密加工、新材料和测试装备等高新技术的发展为实现这个机遇提供了技术可能。其后20多年，柴油机新燃烧方式、直喷燃烧系
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