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翻译部分英文原文Mine hoisting in deep shafts in the 1st half of 21st CenturyAlfred Carbogno 1Key words: deep shaft, mine hosting, Blair winder, rope safety factor, drum sizing, skip factor Introduction The mineral deposits are exploited on deeper and deeper levels. In connection with this, definitions like “deep level” and “deep shaft” became more and more popular. These definitions concern the depth where special rules regarding an excavation driving, exploitation, rock pressure control, lining construction, ventilation, underground and vertical transport, work organization and economics apply. It has pointed out that the “deep level” is a very relative definition and should be used only with a reference to particular hydro-geological, mining and technical conditions in a mine or coal-field. It should be also strictly defined what area of “deep level” or “deep shaft” definitions are considered. It can be for example: - mining geo-engineering, - technology of excavation driving, - ventilation (temperature). It is obvious that the “deep level” defined from one point of view, not necessarily means a “deep level” in another area. According to 5 as a deep mine we can treat each mine if: - the depth is higher than 2300 m or - mineral deposit temperature is higher than 38 C. It is well known that the most of deep mines are in South Africa. Usually, they are gold or diamonds mines. Economic deposits of gold-bearing ore are known to exist at depths up to 5000 m in a number of South Africa regions. However, due to the depth and structure of the reef in some areas, previous methods of reaching deeper reefs using sub-vertical shaft systems would not be economically viable. Thus, the local mining industry is actively investigating new techniques for a single-lift shaft up to 3500 m deep in the near future and probably around 5000 m afterwards. When compared with the maximum length of wind currently in operation of 2500 m, it is apparent that some significant innovations will be required. The most important matter in the deep mine is the vertical transport and the mine hoisting used in the shaft. From the literature 1-12 results that B.M.R. (Blair Multi-Rope) hoist is preferred to be used in deep mines in South Africa. From the economic point of view, the most important factors are: - construction and parameters of winding ropes (safety factor, mainly), - mine hoisting drums capacity, This article of informative character presents shortly above-mentioned problems based on the literature data 1-12. Especially, the paper written by M.E. Greenway is very interesting 3. From two transport systems used in the deep shaft, sub-vertical and the single-lift shaft systems, the second one is currently preferred. (Fig.1.) 6 Hoisting Installation The friction hoist (up to 2100 m), single drum and the double drum (classic and Blair type double drum) hoist are used in deep shafts in South Africa. Drum winders Drum winders are most widely used in South Africa and probably in the world. Three types of winders fall into this category - Single drum winders, - Double drum winders, - Blair multi-rope winders (BMR). Double drum winders Two drums are used on a single shaft, with the ropes coiled in opposite directions with the conveyances balancing each other. One or both drums are clutched to the shaft enabling the relative shaft position of the conveyances to be changed and permitting the balanced hoisting from multiple levels The Blair Multi-Rope System (BMR) In 1957 Robert Blair introduced a system whereby the advantage of the drum winder could be extended to two or more ropes. The two-rope system developed incorporated a two-compartment drum with a rope per compartment and two ropes attached to a single conveyance. He also developed a rope tension-compensating pulley to be attached to the conveyance. The Department of Mines allowed the statutory factor of safety for hoisting minerals to be 4,275 instead of 4,5 provided the capacity factor in either rope did not fall below the statutory factor of 9. This necessitated the use of some form of compensation to ensure an equitable distribution of load between the two ropes. Because the pulley compensation is limited, Blair also developed a device to detect the miscalling on the drum, as this could cause the ropes to move at different speeds and so affect their load sharing capability. Fig.2 shows the depth payload characteristics of double drum, BMR and Koepe winders. The B.M.R. hoist is used almost exclusively in South Africa, probably because they were invented there, particularly for the deep shaft use. There is one installation in England. Because of this hoists physical characteristics, and South African mining rules favouring it in one respect, they are used mostly for the deep shaft mineral hoisting. The drum diameters are smaller than that of an equivalent conventional hoist, so one advantage is that they are more easily taken underground for sub-shaft installations. A Blair hoist is essentially a conventional hoist with wider drums, each drum having a centre flange that enables it to coil two ropes attached to a skip via two headsheaves. The skip connection has a balance wheel, similar to a large multi-groove V-belt sheave, to allow moderate rope length changes during winding. The sheaves can raise or lower to equalize rope tensions. The Blair hoists physical advantage is that the drum diameter can be smaller than usual and, with two ropes to handle the load, each rope can be much smaller. The government mining regulations permit a 5 % lower safety factor at the sheave for mineral hoisting with Blair hoists. This came about from a demonstration by the% permits the Blair hoists to go a little deeper than the other do. On the other hand, the mining regulations require a detaching hook above the cage for man hoisting. The balance wheel does not suit detaching hooks, so a rope-cutting device was invented to cut the ropes off for a severe overwind. This was tested successfully but the Blair is not used for man winding on a regular basis. 中文译文 21 世纪前半叶矿井提升机在深井中的应用关键词: 深井，矿井提升机，布莱尔提升机, 钢丝绳安全要素，滚筒尺寸， 骤变要素矿物沉淀物在越来越深的水平上被开采。 关于这方面，像“深水平面”和“深井”的定义 变得越来越流行了。这些定义与有关特殊规则方面的深度有关，涉及到挖掘操纵 、开采、 岩石压力控制、内层建造、通风，地下和垂直的运输, 劳动组织和经济学应用。“ 深水平面 ”已经被指出是一种非常相对的定义，这个定义应当只能用于采矿或煤领域有关特殊的水-地质学, 采矿和技术条件方面的参考。 它也应当用于严格定义已经公认的有关“深水平面”或“深井”领域的定义。 可以举例来说:- 采矿工程技术,- 开采操纵技术,- 通风 (降低温度).明显的是，从一方面得到的“深水平面”定义,在其他领域并不意味着“深水平面” 。 根据第5段提到的“深井”，我们可以设想每一个矿井：- 深度超过2300米深或者- 矿石沉积物的温度超过38摄氏度。广为人知的是大部分深井在南非。 通常，它们是金矿或者钻石矿井。人们都知道像黄金方面矿石的经济沉淀物存在于南非一些深达5000米的深井领域。 然而，在一些区域中，存在暗礁的深度和结构要素，先前在垂直的深井中使用的到达深度暗礁的方法在经济上不可取。 因此，当地的采矿业正在积极地研究在不久的将来能够用于深度达到3500米或者未来深度在5000米左右的矿井中的单一提升技术。相对于当今深度达2500米的矿井中的提升技术，它的一些创新在将来会有很大的意义。在深井中最重要的事件是垂直运输以及矿井提升技术在井中的应用。参考文献的1至12篇可以得出这样的结论:布莱尔多绳提升机在南非的深井应用中是首选的。 从经济学的观点看, 最重要的要素是:- 提升绳索的构造和参数(主要是安全要素)- 矿井提升绞车的承载能力,这篇见闻广博性质的文章简略的介绍了上述基于参考文献1至12篇所反映的问题。尤其, M.E. Greenway写的文献【3】非常有趣。从被应用于深井中的双运输系统，接近垂直的以及单一的井中提升系统，第二种系统是目前首选的。参见插图1/参考文献【6】。提升装置摩擦提升机（提升深度达2100米），单独的 和双滚筒提升机（第一流的和布莱尔形式的双滚筒提升机）广泛应用于南非地区。1 Carbogno Alfred Ing 博士, 来自波兰格利维策市西里西亚技术大学，采矿机械化学会， Akademicka 2 ， PL 44-101 Gliwice, (他于2002年8月5日修订了先前被公认为是标准的版本)滚筒提升机滚筒提升机被广泛应用于南非或许全世界。 三种类型的提升机属于这样的类型：- 单一滚筒提升机,- 双鼓提升机,- 布莱尔多绳绕线机 (BMR).双滚筒提升机双滚筒应用于单井，钢丝绳以相对的方向缠绕在它的上面，以保持运输工具的平衡。单一或者双滚筒附着于井，使得运输工具能够在相对于井的位置上变换以及从不等高的水平面平稳的提升。布莱尔多绳系统 (BMR)在 1957 年，布莱尔罗伯特引进了一种提升系统，这种系统可以将滚筒的优势扩大到能够缠绕两根或多根钢丝绳。 这种双绳系统发展成为二合一的滚筒，每一