国际结算课件：Chapter 3 CollectionP65

1、Chapter 5 Collection P244,2,如何解决如下问题？ 好不容易找到一个新客户，但由于彼此心存疑虑，不敢把业务做大，又不知道有什么好的措施可以促进交易的达成； 好不容易做了一票业务，但由于没能很好地采取规避收汇风险的措施，最终成了一笔坏帐； 做成了一票业务，款项也收回了，但由于汇率的变动，原本略有利润的业务最后一算帐，却亏损了； 公司订单有不少，可是由于流动资金不足，只好舍弃部分业务；由于公司规模较小，抵押不足，难以申请更多银行授信额度； 公司的应收帐款规模越来越大，财务报表比较难看，更别提上市要求了,3,Open account. are you really sure?

2、(You ship the goods, they sell them and then pay you.maybe),3,How can we be sure hell pay?!,4,Cash in Advance?(They send you the money then you ship the goods!),Be careful! Dont ship before you are sure you are in receipt of collected funds wire transfer: make sure they have complete instructions II

3、. Commercial documents not accompanied by financial documents.,About documents,“Documents” means financial documents and/or commercial documents:I. “Financial documents” means bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment of money;II. “Comm

4、ercial documents” means invoice, transport documents, documents of title or other similar documents, or any other documents whatsoever, not being financial documents.,5.3.2. Documentary collection,According to the definition above, documentary collection can be classified as follows: 1) documents ag

5、ainst payment (D/P) (1) D/P at sight (2) D/P XXXX sight 2) documents against acceptance(D/A),5.4 Procedures of Collection,16,(1) D/P at sight:,Drawee (importer),Principal (exporter),Remitting bank,Collecting bank,(Presenting bank),1,3,8,4,7,5,6,2,S/C,17,(2) D/P at xxx days after sight:,Drawee (impor

6、ter),Principal (exporter),Remitting bank,Collecting bank,(Presenting bank),1,3,10,4,9,5,6,2,S/C,7,8,18,(3) D/ A:,Drawee (importer),Principal(exporter),Remitting Bank,Collecting bank,(case of need),(Presenting bank),s/c,1,2,10,3,9,4,5,6,7,8,Questions ?,Is there any risks for the banks? Why? Is there

7、any risks for the principal? Why? Is there any risks for the drawee? Why?,20,5.5 Risks for the sellers,Documentary collection has more risks than documentary credit since there is no bank guarantee and the seller has to rely on the buyer to pay. The common risks are listed below.,21,Risks under coll

8、ection,Buyer cannot pay in some cases such as bankruptcy; When price decreases, buyer might refuse, with excuses perhaps, to pay or to pay a lower price or even claim for compensation. If import license and/or foreign exchange have not yet been obtained by buyer when the goods arrive at port of dest

9、ination, it is then possible that the goods will not be allowed to be imported, that the goods are subject to confiscation or a fine, or that payment for the shipment might be made in domestic currency of the importing country.,22,Buyer might take advantage of sellers ignorance of the local commerci

10、al custom, regulation or law and cheat at transactions. For example, there can be a customs clearance time limit after which the goods will be confiscated or a penalty will be imposed. And in some countries such as Peru and Bolivia, D/P after sight will be interpreted the same way as D/A. If a buyer

11、 wants to cheat, he can sign a contract with D/P after sight but never pays after he gets the documents.,23,5.6 Measures for sellers to avoid risks,Q: how to avoid the collection risks? Please discuss this Q with classmates.,24,Check the buyers credit standing, then decide the term and amount to be

12、used. Study the importing countrys market such as size and development, then decide the size of shipment. Get to know importing countrys import licensing and foreign exchange controls. Sellers should in particular find out when an import license will be needed, whether foreign exchange approval is a

13、utomatic once the import license is issued, what types of commodities cannot be imported with collection, etc.,25,Get to know the local regulations and commercial customs. Appoint an agent in the importing country who has the full authority to dispose the goods on behalf of the seller so that the go

14、ods will not be left unattended. Get familiar with warehousing facility at destination. In case of refusal of payment, the goods can be stored to avoid damage.,26,Make good arrangement of payment such as a down payment for a percentage of the total value of the shipment or part of the shipment to be

15、 paid by L/C and the remaining part by collection. Seller arranges insurance himself to hold all the documents of the transaction and to keep the shipment covered.,5.7 Collection Instruction,According to URC522: all documents sent for collection must be accompanied by a collection instruction indica

16、ting that the collection is subject to URC522 and giving complete and precise instructions. Banks are only permitted to act upon the instructions given in such collection instruction.,Contents for collection instruction,A collection instruction should contain the following items of information, as a

17、ppropriate. 5.7.1 Parties in the collection 1. Details of the collecting bank; including full name, postal and SWIFT addresses, telex, telephone, facsimile numbers and reference.2. Details of the principal including full name, postal address, and if applicable telex, telephone and facsimile numbers.

18、,3. Details of the drawee including full name, postal address, or the domicile at which presentation is to be made and if applicable telex, telephone and facsimile numbers.4. Details of the presenting bank, if any, including full name, postal address, and if applicable telex, telephone and facsimile numbers.,5.7.2 Amount, currencies and terms of delivery of DOCS,1. Amount(s) and currency(ies) to be collected.2. List of documents enclosed and the numerial count of each document.3. Terms of delivery of documents against: 1) payment and/or acceptance 2) other terms and