冠词和数词2.ppt

1、语法,冠词与数词,(一)冠词,冠词本身不能单独使用，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。 英语中的冠军词有三种：定冠词，不定冠词，零冠词。,一、不定冠词的用法,1.表示“一个”，指某人或某物， A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2.泛指一类人或物 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3. 用于固定词组中，如: A little, a few, a lot of, a great many, in a hurry, in a word, have a cold, have a t

2、ry, all of a sudden等,补充： He is a rather tall man. He is rather a tall man. He bought a many apples for the patient. What a great person he is! 1.不定冠词用在many, half, what, such等词之后;不定冠词既可放在quite, rather前,也可放在后 。 She is as a clever girl as you can wish to meet. Its too a difficult book for us. How a sma

3、rt girl she is ! 2.当a 与so, as, too, how以及形容词一起出现时，位置排列要注意：so/ as / too/ how +形容词+a +名词,二、定冠词用法,Who is the girl you jest said hello to? He bought a house, and I have been to the house. 1.表特指或上文提到过的事物。 The sun, the moon, the earth, the world 2.表示世界上独一无二的东西时 The government has take measures to help the

4、 poor and the sick. 3. the +形容词表示一类人,Where do you live? I live in the second floor. He is the tallest among the boys in our class. He is the only one of the boys who has a driving license. Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. Your present is the same as the one my friend gave to me. 4. 用在序数词、形

5、容词最高级，以only, very, same等前面。,The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table. 5. “the + 姓氏复数” 表示一家人或者这一姓氏的夫妇俩。 They are the teachers of this school. They are teachers of this school. 6. 与复数名词搭配使用时，指整个群体。 She plays a piano. She plays the piano. She plays piano. 7. 定冠词the用在乐器名称前,The Peoples Republic of

6、China The Communist Party of China The Yangtze River The Yellow River the Tibetan Plateau The Pacific Ocean The Gobi Desert 8. 由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等名词前。,He is used to putting things he cares on the left. The sun rises from the east. Sleeping early at night and getting up early in the mo

7、rning is a good habit. In the end, prince and princess lived happily ever after. 9. the 用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。,The World Trade Centre The Times The Peoples Daily The Song Dynasty The Air Force The Mayflower 10. the 用在组织机构、报刊、杂志、历史朝代、三军、船只等前面,三、零冠词的用法,Europe and America are separated by Atlantic Oce

8、an. A. /;/;the B. the; the; the C. /;/;/ D. the; the; / 1.专有名词，包括国名，地名，人名，街道名等名词前一般不用冠词。,The failure is the mother of the success. The man cannot live without the water. 2. 抽象名词、物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。 Kunming is a place where the weather is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. A. the; the

9、C. a;a D. /;/ We go to school from the Monday to the Friday. We have summer vacation from the June 29th. September 10th is Teachers Day. A. /;/ B. the;/ C. the; a D. /; the 3. 在季节，月份，节日、假日，日期，星期等表时间的名词前，不加冠词。,When do you have breakfast every day? A. a B. an C. the D./ Do you study the mathematics? H

10、e likes playing football/ chess. In our school many teachers go to have lessons by bike. 4. 三餐、球类、棋类、学科名称前不加冠词。 与by连用的交通工具名称前也不加冠词。,Lincoln was made President of the United States again. A. the B. a C. / 5. 表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语、同位语时，一般不加冠词。 It is well known that French is hard to learn. A. a B. the C. /

11、Chinese language is hard for the foreigners to learn. A. the B. a C./ 6. 表语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但在the Chinese language, the English language 等中要用定冠词。,His father is ill. He is still in hospital. Im going to hospital to see him. A. the; the B. /;/ C. /; the D. the; / 7. 有些词组中，有没有冠词含意是不同的。 试比较： In hospital In t

12、he hospital In front of In the front of Out of question Out of the question At table At the/ a table,(二)数词,数词：表示数目多少或顺序多少的词 数词分为基数词及序数词。 表示数目多少的词叫基数词 表示顺序多少的词叫序数词。,一、基数词,45：A. forty five B. forty-five 345: A. three hundred and forty five B. three hundreds and forty-five C. three hundred forty-five D

13、. three hundred and forty-five 1. 二位数的写法：在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成； 三位数的写法：由hundred加and 再加二位数或末位数。同时表确切数目时hundred, thousand, million, billion后不加s；而表不确切数目时，要用复数形式。,2. dozen, score two dozen of pencils Two dozens pencils Several dozens pencils Several dozen pencils 2.1 当dozen 与数词或many, several等连用时，不加“s”，所修饰的名词

14、前常省去of. 但是在a dozen of these people, two dozen of them等短语中应加of。 Some dozen people / some dozens of people,two scores people Three score and ten of people Scores of people 2.2score的用法1: 数词+score + of +名词 score用法2: 如果数字不是几十这类整数,个位数还有的话,则是数词+score+ and+数词+名词 Score用法3:score表不确定数量时, 既加 “s”,也加 “of”. When h

15、e moved to German in , he was already in . A. the fifties, his sixty B. fifties; his sixties; C. the fifties, his sixties D. fifty; sixty 2.3表示 “在几十年代”时,用 “in the +逢十的数词复数” 表示某人不确定的岁数时, 一般用 “形容词性物主代词+数词复数” They arrived in twos and threes.,I have wrote a composition every other week. A. two-thousand-

16、word B. two-thousand-word C. two-thousand-words D. two-thousands-words 2.4名词与基数词合成的定语中,名词用单数.,三、序数词,1. 组成 1.1基数词+th 1.2如以y结尾 1.3不规则的序数词 2. 分数 1/2, 2/3, 1/4 构成：基数+序数，分子为基数,分母为序数词; 当基数词大于1时，序数词加s,二、倍数表达法,这棵树是那棵树的三倍高. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍大. 1. 主语+谓语+倍数/分数+as +形容词原级 +as 地球是月球的49倍。 新扩建的广场是之前的四倍大。 2. 主语+谓语+倍数/分数+ t

17、he size (amount, length) of 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 3.主语+谓语+倍数/分数+形容词/副词比较级+than 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 4. by +倍数，表示增加多少倍。,5.其它 Im twice/ double his age. 我的年龄是他的两倍。 Ive paid five times the usual price for the stamp. 我出了5倍于往常的价格买这枚邮票。 The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compar

18、ed with last year. 与去年相比，该单位职工的收入增加了50%. The price of TVs are twofold( adj. 两部分的, 双重的) down over these years. 近几年来，电视机的价格下降了两倍。,1._ martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people.a. Thousand upon thousand of b. Thousand and thousands of c. Thousands upon thousands of d. Thousand and th

19、ousand of 2.They received _ of letters about their TV programs.a. dozen b. dozen and dozen c score d. dozens 3.Who is that man,_ in the front row a. one b. the one c. first d. the first 4.We have produced _ this year as we did in 1993.a. as much cotton twice b. as twice much cottonc. much as twice c

20、otton d. twice as much cotton 5.The earth is about _ as the moon.a. as fifty time big b. fifty times as big c. as big fifty time d. fifty as times big,6.The population of many Alaskan cities has _ in the past three years.a. more than doubled b. more doubled than c. much than doubled d. much doubled

21、than 7.The moon is about _ in diameter as diameter as the earth.a. one-three as large b. one three as large c. one-third as large d. one third as large 8.Five hundred yuan a month _ enough to live on.a. is b. are c. is being d. has been 9._ of the buildings were ruined.a. Three fourth b. Three four

22、c. Three-fourths d. Three-four. 10. He bought copies of the magazine. A. two dozen of B. two dozens of C. two dozen D. two dozens,1.When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have _ bed.a. the breakfast in b. the breakfast in the c. breakfast in d. breakfast in the 2.He has promised to give up _ hundreds of times.a. tobacco b. tobacco c. the tobacco d. tobaccos 3._ usually go to church every Sunday.a. The Brown b. A Brown c. Browns d. The Browns 4.The train is running fifty miles _.a. an hour b. one hour c. the hour