庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上.pptx

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3、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,鲦鱼： 是： 安：,一种白色小鱼。,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上。庄子曰：“鲦鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。”惠子曰：“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”庄子曰：“子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？”,这。,疑问代词，怎么，哪里。,反问句：庄子避开正面回答惠子的问题，而采取反问的方法回答，以“非我”者“不知我”，推论“不知我”者不知“我知鱼”，据理力争，足见他的机智。,惠子曰：“我非子，固不知子矣；子固非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐，全矣！”庄子曰：“请循其本。子曰汝安知鱼乐云者，既已知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。”,全： 循其本： 云者：,完全，肯定（是这样）。,

4、追溯话题本原。循，追溯。,助词，用于句末，表停顿，以引出下文。,惠子采用逻辑推理，首先承认不是庄子，故不知道庄子，然后照此推理，庄子不是鱼，因此也不知鱼之乐。,1.庄子与惠子辩论的问题是什么？双方的观点各是什么？,内容分析,庄子是否知道鱼的快乐。 庄子: 鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。 惠子：子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？,2.双方的依据各是什么？,整体感知,2.双方的依据各是什么？,惠子： 理由一：惠子说庄子不是鱼，所以不知道鱼的快乐。 理由二：惠子不了解庄子，不知道庄子的想法。,庄子：鲦鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。,3.庄子坚持认为“出游从容”的鱼儿很快乐，表现了他怎样的心境？惠子的思想有什么特点？,庄子追求

5、“天地与我并生，而万物与我为一”，他坚持认为“出游从容”的鱼儿很快乐，其实这是他愉悦心境的投射与反映，这也反映了庄子推崇“自然”，反对“人为”的思想。,像数学证明题一样，层层推理，讲究逻辑。对于事物有一种寻根究底的认知态度，重在知识的探讨。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

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7、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,主旨归纳,这则故事通过庄子与惠子围绕着“鱼之乐”而展开辩论，表现了庄子的机智与巧妙的辩论风格，也表现了庄子的“万物与我为一”的思想。,写法探究,本文突出的写作特色是什么？,(1)采用对话形式。文章通篇采用对话形式，两人一句接一句，以子之矛，攻子之盾，将这场辩论深化，显示了精彩的诡辩艺术。 (2)笔法轻松，充满幽默、机智。庄子是否知道“鱼之乐”的论辩，本是深奥的逻辑问题，但本文却用闲适、轻松的笔调描述论辩过程，语言幽默。,鉴赏评价,在庄子和惠子的辩论中，谁是胜者？,(1)从故事本身来看，庄子占了上风。结尾处，在惠子巧妙地援引庄子的反驳建立起符合逻辑的推理后，庄子似乎应该无言以对而就此认输了，可是他却又返回争论的起始，借偷换概念而避重就轻地将惠子的发难化解了。所谓偷换概念，指他把惠子说的“安知”，解释成“哪里知道”，而惠子的本意却是“怎么(能)知道”。 (2)从逻辑上