高中英语必修一第五单元复习资料

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero重点词汇及短语1) mean adj. (1)吝啬的， 小气的 （反义词：generous） be mean over/with sth. 在.方面很小气、吝啬 e.g. Hes always mean over/with money. 他很吝啬钱。 (2)刻薄的，卑鄙的 be mean to 对.刻薄 e.g. 那女人对她继子很刻薄。The woman is mean to her stepson.v. 意思是，意味着 mean to do sth. 打算做。 mean doing sth. 意味着。 e.g. 我不打算留

2、在这儿。 I didnt mean to stay here. 接受这工作意味着在国外居住。 Accepting this job means living abroad. 2) active adj. 积极的，活跃的，主动的be active in 积极从事 (= take an active part in )他工作积极。 He is active in work.3) devote vt. 献身；专心于 （常与to 连用） devote oneself / sth. to (doing) sth. 致力于/献身于/专心于 e.g. 你必须专心于学习。 You must devote yo

3、urself to your study. 他用课余时间学习英语。 He devoted his spare time to learning English. devote + 时间 + to (doing) sth. = spend + 时间 + in doing sth. devoted adj. 献身的，专心于。的；忠实的；深爱的 (be devoted to 为。奉献，忠于。，深爱。)devotion u.n. 奉献，忠诚，热心4) found vt. 建立；建设 （- founded - founded ） 可建设、成立具体或抽象的东西。 e.g. found a hospital

4、 建立一座医院 found a new society 建立一个新社会 foundation u.n.创立；成立 c.n.基础；地基；根据；基金；基金会区别：find found found v. 找到；发现5) hopeful adj. 怀有希望的，有希望的 be / feel of/about/that 对抱希望或持乐观态度 e.g. 对未来充满希望 be about the future 我对这次考试取得好成绩充满希望。 Im that Ill get a good mark in this exam.6) vote c.n. 选票；表决；投票；选举权 vi./vt. 投票；选举e.g.

5、 你还太小，不能投票。 You are too young to vote. 常用结构： (1) vote on “就投票” e.g. 我们将就此计划投票。 Well vote on the plan. (2) vote for / against + sb./sth./doing sth. “投票赞成(支持)/反对”e.g. 他投票反对那个计划。 He voted against the plan. (3) vote + n./pron./ to do / that clause “投票决定，投票” e.g. 我们投票决定举行一个晚会来筹款。 We voted to hold a party

6、 to collect money.7) blow up (blow blew blown) (1) 使充气 e.g. blow up the tyre/balloon 给轮胎/气球充气 (2) 爆炸，炸毁 (vi./vt.) e.g. The bomb/ship blew up. 炸弹/船爆炸。 The bridge/railway was blown up. 那桥/铁路被炸毁了。8) equal (1) adj. 相等的；平等的 e.g. equal pay for equal work 同工同酬 Women and men are equal. 男女平等。常用结构：be equal to

7、 + sb. / sth. / doing sth. “相当于；能胜任” e.g. 一刻钟相当于15分钟。A quarter is equal to 15 minutes. 他能胜任这工作。 He is equal to (doing) this work. A be equal with B. “A与B平等” e.g. 穷人与富人是平等的。 The poor are equal with the rich. (2) vt. 等于；比得上 e.g. Three times three equals nine. 3乘以3等于9. 谁也比不上她漂亮。 No one can equal her in

8、 beauty. (3) c.n. 平等的人/物 e.g. 男女平等。 Women are equals of men. equally adv.平等地 equality n. 平等9）in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑、不幸、有麻烦等的处境中 词语积累： out of trouble 走出困境 get (sb.) into trouble （使某人）陷入困境 ask for trouble / look for trouble 自找麻烦 make trouble 制造麻烦；捣乱10）willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的 e.g. willing workers 志愿工作者 常

9、用结构： be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事 e.g. 他总是乐于助人。 Hes always willing to help others.11) turn to + n./pron./doing sth. (1) 求助于 e.g. 他求助于老师给他一些建议。 He turned to the teacher for advice. 如果你不懂这个词，请查字典。If you dont know the word, turn to the dictionary. (2) 转向 e.g. 向左转 turn to the left 他的注意力转向那个可爱的小男孩。 His at

10、tention turned to the lovely boy. (3) 翻到 e.g. 翻到50页 turn to page 50 (4) 变成 e.g. 雪很快变成了雨。 The snow turned to rain soon.12) escape vi.(= run away) 逃离 （常与from连用）e.g. escape from prison / a cage vt. 逃避，逃脱 + n./doinge.g. 没人逃得过死亡。 No one can escape death. 那小鸟逃不过被杀。 The bird cant escape being killed.13) ed

11、ucate vt.教育；训练 常用结构: educate sb. (to do sth.) 教育某人（做某事） e.g. 我们的父母总是教育我们要尊重老人家。 Our parents always educate us to respect the old. educate oneself 自学 educator n. 教育家，教育者 education n. 教育，培养，训练14) beg vt./vi. 乞讨；乞求；恳求；拜托 (-gg-) 常用结构:beg (for) sth.) (from/of sb.) （向某人）乞求/乞讨（某物）e.g. 他非常穷，所以不得不乞食。 He was

12、so poor that he had to beg (for) his bread. 他依靠向富人行乞为生。 He made a living by begging from the rich.beg sth. (of sb.) 恳求某人某事 e.g. I beg a favour of you. 我有事求你。beg (of) sb.) to do sth. 恳求（某人）做某事e.g. She begged (of) me to stay. 她恳求我留下。 The children begged to come with us. 孩子们恳求与我们同来。beg + that clause 恳求

13、某事 （从句中常有情态动词） The children begged that they might come with us.beggar n. 乞丐15) reward u.n. 报答，报偿 c.n. 报酬，奖金 in reward (for.) 作为(.的)报酬 e.g. 他没得到任何东西作为报酬。He got nothing in reward.vt. 给报酬；奖赏 常用结构:reward sb. with sth. 用奖赏某人reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因而奖赏某人e.g. 我们因为他帮助我们而奖给他一个奖品。 We rewarded him with a

14、 prize for helping us.16) set up 设立；建立 e.g. 建立一个医院 set up a hospital 创立一个组织 set up an organization set up a new record 创一个新纪录 set up 可建立建筑或组织等；build一般指建建筑。17) sentence c.n.句子；判刑，徒刑 e.g. He received a heavy sentence. 他受到重刑。 vt. 判决，宣判 e.g. 法官判处杀人犯死刑。 The judge sentenced the murderer to death. be sente

15、nced to 被判处 e.g. 杀人犯被判处死刑。The murderer was sentenced to death. 他被判监禁2年。He was sentenced to 2 years in prison.18) opinion c.n./u.n. 意见，看法，主张 have a good / high / low / opinion of sb./sth. 对印象好/坏 have no opinion of sb./sth. 对印象不好 e.g. 他对我们学校印象很好。 He had a good opinion of our school. 他对你印象不好。 He has no

16、 opinion of you. in ones opinion / in the opinion of sb. 依某人看来 e.g. 依我看，这本书值得一读。 In my opinion, this book is worth reading. give / express ones opinion on / upon 对发表意见重点句子1) He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way. 他为了自己的信念放弃了富裕的生活，并以和

17、平的方式使自己的国家摆脱了英国的殖民统治。 (Pre-reading)(be) free from . 不受。的影响，没有。的 e.g. 这是一个无风的日子。 It is a day free from wind. 这个句子没有错误。 The sentence is free from mistakes. 2) Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (Reading) 当 “only + 状语(即adv./介词短语/状语从句)”位于句首时，主句应部分倒装。（即把情态动词、助动词等提到主语之前。） e.g. I rea

18、lized that I was wrong only then. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. You can succeed only by working hard. Only by working hard can you succeed. I can believe it only when I see it myself. Only when I see it myself can I believe it. (状语从句不倒装，主句部分倒装) Only you can help me. 只有你能帮我。(若置于句首的only修饰的词不是状语，则不用倒装。) 3) I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.辨析：the first time