CET-4作文讲解.ppt

1、CET-4 作 文 讲 解,常见出题内容,四级写作的题材主要涉及两类内容：一是关于大学生的学习、校园生活及对将来的工作、人生等方面的态度和看法。二是与是日常生活息息相关或贴近社会变化、发展和进步的热点话题。,常见出题方式,提纲式文字命题 图表命题 关键词作文 段着句作文,常见出题方式:提纲式文字命题,提纲式文字命题 此类作文一般给出作文的英文题目以信两到三点的中文提纲（偶尔也可能是英文提纲），提纲大致规定了各主体段落的主题，要求考生根据这个主题制定主题句，并围绕主题句展开段落，最后对主题进行总结呼应。 Eg : You are allowed 30 minutes to write a sho

2、rt essay on the topic of Limiting the Use of Disposable Bags. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1） 一次性塑料袋曾广为使用 2）由此带来的问题 3）限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义,提纲作文，是指一种限制性命题作文，也就是已给出文章标题及各段所需表达的中心思想(通常用英文或中文表述)，它为学生提供了一个指导性的写作框架. 它的优点是提纲既体现了文章的层次，又规定了各段大体的内容，为考生提供了一条思路，稍加思索、计划、整理就可成文。

3、但缺点是如果审题不当，反而容易丢分。另外，它的限定性较大，不理解提纲所展现的内容或词汇，就会感到难以下笔。学生应仔细分析提纲，弄清楚短文的段落层次，把握命题者的真实意图。 提纲式作文的分类： 英文提纲式，中文提纲式,常见出题方式:提纲式文字命题,写作技巧： 1 仔细而认真地研究提纲是写好提纲作文的首要条件，提纲中各段的提示与主题句一样，是我们分别在各段需要阐述的中心或观点，只有抓住了提纲内容的关键，理解了提纲的含义，才能更好地选择与之相关的素材，扩展好短文。但是提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。这需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句。然后围绕主题句进行扩展。

4、 每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，提纲所列的事实要全部出现在文章里，不能随意增加或减少内容。 提纲犹如骨架。文章中要有阐述、有分析、有连贯的逻辑和正确达意的语言，才能使文章成为统一的整体。,常见出题方式:提纲式文字命题,例如： Write a composition on the topic How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic Outline 问题：城市交通拥挤 解决方案（Solution） 1) 建造更多道路 优点：降低街道拥挤程度； 加速车流（flow of traffic） 缺点：占地过多 2) 开辟（open up）更多公共汽车线路

5、 优点：减少自行车与小汽车 缺点：对部分人可能造成不便 结论：两者结合,常见出题方式:提纲式文字命题,How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic Nowadays, cities in China are getting more and more crowded with the rapid increase of the population and the influx of countryside people. Streets are full of cars, buses, trucks, bicycles and people. All t

6、his results in heavy traffic in the cities. As it has seriously influenced peoples daily life and economic development, great concern has been given to the problem and many experts have been called in for advice. A great number of solutions have been offered. Some people suggest that more streets an

7、d roads should be constructed. The advantage is obvious: it can reduce traffic density and hence speed up the flow of cars and buses. But some others argue that the number of cars and bicycles should be limited while more bus routes should be opened up because buses can accommodate more passengers.,

8、Sample,However, these two solutions may also bring some problems. The former may take up too much land. We know land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used for traffic. The latter may bring inconvenience to some people, as they have to go a long distance and wait for a long time to take a bus.

9、 Perhaps the best solution to this heavy traffic problem is the combination of the two. On the one hand, we can build some new streets and roads based on the old ones, trying to avoid taking up too much useful land; on the other hand, we can open up more traffic lines to buses, taking peoples inconv

10、enience into consideration when choosing bus stops. This combination may produce the best effect.,Sample,本文题目说的是“如何解决”城市交通拥挤问题，因此文章的中心应该放在解决问题的办法上。提纲中给出两种解决方案：建造更多道路和开辟更多公共汽车线路，并且列出了这两种方案的优点和缺点。提纲的“结论”要求把这两种方案结合起来。 文章分为三部分来写。第一部分为开头段，说明城市交通拥挤的现状，起着引导下文的作用。正文是全文的重心，这个部分将两个办法分成两个段落予以解释说明。最后一段是建立在正文分析说

11、明基础上的归纳和总结，得出两种办法各有利弊，必须扬长避短，将两种办法结合起来解决城市交通问题。,常见出题方式:提纲式文字命题,Task,Write a composition on the topic Keeping Our Cities Clean. You should base your composition on the following outlines given in Chinese: 提纲： 1) 保持城市清洁的重要性 2) 要保持城市清洁不容易 3) 如何才能保持城市清洁,Keeping Our Cities Clean Cities, big or small, sho

12、uld be clean. A clean city is good both to our mind and body. In a clean city, disease is reduced, and peoples health may be stronger. We can hardly imagine people living happily in a dirty city. Keeping our city clean, however, is no easy task, especially in modern times, when more and more people

13、are relocating to urban areas. These people produce waste everywhere. But the biggest waste producers may be the factories which pour out waste into the air, rivers and on to the ground. It is necessary to impose some kind of laws on them in order to keep our cities clean.,Sample,Our government has

14、already done a lot to keep our cities clean. For example, it has arranged for the street sweepers to clean the main road every night, to place dustbins on street corners, and to dispose of garbage in a scientific way, etc. Perhaps a more active way is to call on people to plant more trees, and put w

15、aste into fixed places. If every one of us takes care of our cities and does his/her bit to keep them clean, our cities are sure to be more beautiful places for all of us to live happy lives in.,Sample,常见出题方式:图表命题,2 图表命题 此类作文一般会给出作文题目以及一个或几个图片，图画或图表，并在图片、图画或图表的下方给出两到三点的中文提纲，要求学生用文字描写图片、图画或图表的内容，解释图片

16、、图画或图表所反映出来的某种趋势或问题，然后 分析该趋势.,You are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Student Use of Computers. You should write 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: Average number of hours a student spends on computer per week. 1） 上图是1990年，1995年，2

17、000年某校大学生使用计算机的还必须况，请描述其变化。 2）请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明） 3）你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。,常见出题方式:图表命题,图表作文是通过提供的一组或几组数据来反映某个趋势或某一问题、现象。要求考生对图表中的相关数据进行描述、分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。它是将数据、形象信息转换为文字信息的过程。 图表作文要求的不是对图表的简单叙述，而是抓住图表所反映的主要问题。因为图表式作文所要讨论的现象和问题都隐含在数据里，所以考生常会感到比较难写。要想抓住主旨，就要分析图表中那些最有代表性、规律性的数字，或变化

18、大的数字。 它的写作误区是报流水账，对数据面面俱到，却不能指出图表所反映的中心，也不能利用数据进行有力的论证。,常见出题方式:图表命题,常见的图表类型有：表格，它表示多种事物的相互关系;曲线，它常表示事物的变化趋势;柱状，它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系;饼状，表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系。 表格和曲线作文的审题与其他类型的作文相比难度较大，主要表现在考生不易准确、全面地把握图表显示的信息。这类作文提供了大量数据，但题目往往要求少用所给数据，避免简单罗列数据。一般用一般现在时，如果图表提供了时间参数，则应采用相应的时态。,常见出题方式:图表命题,图表作文的写作步骤： 第一、开门

19、见山地点明本图表所反映的主题 第二、 分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,然后描写 第三、 归纳总结或发表评论。有时第三步可省略,常见出题方式:图表命题,关于图表式作文的描述方法： 第一种情况：横向对比。描述这种图表需要对比各数据间的差别，主要以数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。 常用句型： A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departments, followed by the B department and C department. The figure of A is about twice as much as tha

20、t of B. The income from sales is 10 million, making the company the highest one in sales. The As income reaches 20 million, which is in the middle of the list.,常见出题方式:图表命题,关于图表式作文的描述方法： 第二种情况：纵向说明。只要指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问题，就可以了。描述这样的图表时，可用以下词汇和句型: The rise lasted for two weeks and then beg

21、an to level off in June. The trend/increase slowed down in May. The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January. (开始走强) Prices went up by 50%， but the number of smokers maintained. 常用词汇及表达法：increase, decrease, rise, fall, slow down, level off, pick up speed, maintain, drop, t

22、he trend reverses, decline, gain/ lose momentum, a steady/ substantial(实质性的) increase, a minor/ slight/ dramatic drop。,常见出题方式:图表命题,关于图表式作文的描述方法： 第三种情况：纵向、横向均有的说明。这种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。 表示百分比常用句型： It accounts for 30% of the total population. There are 4 members with masters degrees, mak

23、ing up nearly a quarter of the workforce. 表示增长率的常用句型： The figure of income increased by about 200% as compared with ten years ago. The number of students has reached 200，indicating a rise of 4%，compared to last year.,常见出题方式:图表命题,Sample,You are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic o

24、f Student Use of Computers. You should write 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: Average number of hours a student spends on computer per week. 1） 上图是1990年，1995年，2000年某校大学生使用计算机的还必须况，请描述其变化。 2）请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明） 3）你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

25、,Students tend to use computers more and more nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours; while in 2000, and the number soar

26、ed to 20 hours. Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places

27、 through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are declining, which enables more students to purchase them.,Sample,Along with the time spent on computers, there arise some problems. The most serious one is that many students are spending so much time playing PC games so that they ignore the

28、ir studies. It is urgent to encourage students to use computers in a proper way.,Sample,Task,Study the following table carefully; your composition must be based on the information in the table. Write three paragraphs to: 1. state the changes in peoples diet（饮食）in the past five years; 2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions.,As is shown in the chart, we can see clearly that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples die