刘霞-四六级讲座.ppt

1、2020/10/13,1,迎战大学英语四六级（倒计时48天）,刘 霞 Email: M 安徽科技学院考研协会,2020/10/13,2,第1节 综 述 第2节 写作的突破 第3节 听力冲刺 第4节 阅读的提高 第5节 综合（完形填空） 第6节 考场注意事项 第7节 大学英语四六级考试口试,Outline,2020/10/13,3,考试流程及注意事项（以四级为例） 试卷组成 冲刺阶段的复习,第1节 综 述,2020/10/13,4,四级考试流程 8：50-9：00 试音时间 9：00-9：10 播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10 取下耳机，开始作文考试 9：35 发放试题册(含有快速阅读,但

2、9：40才允许开始做） 9：40-9：55 做快速阅读 9：55-10：00 收答题卡一（即作文和快速阅读） 9：55-10：00 重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备 听力考试 10：00 开始听力考试，电台开始放音 听力结束后完成剩余考项。 11：20 全部考试结束。,2020/10/13,5,考试过程中，考生不得提前退场或提前交卷。 考生进入考场需携带2B铅笔和黑色签字笔，不得携带其它材料。 不得携带任何通讯工具，手机关机上交。 考试的题型分为六部分，第一部分作文的题目在答题卡1上，其余五部分的题目在试题册上；考试材料包括：试题册、答题卡1和答题卡2。,2020/10/13,6,Part III

3、听力理解,理解,2020/10/13,7,冲刺阶段的复习,有所为，有所不为 1. 真题（分析和总结） 2. 词汇 一般要求：4500单词，700词组； 较高要求：5500单词，1200词组； 更高要求：6500单词，1700词组。 大学英语课程教学要求（试行） 3. 考前冲刺模拟,2020/10/13,8,第2节 写作的突破,2020/10/13,9,1. 作文的评分标准 CET作文采用整体评分方法（Global Scoring）。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores），而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达

4、思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,2020/10/13,10, 本题满分为15分。 阅卷标准共分五等： 2分、5分、8分、11分、15分。各有标准样卷一份。,2020/10/13,11,评分标准： 2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚， 连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些严重语言错误。 11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯性。但有少量语言错误. 15分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯。基

5、本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。,2020/10/13,12, 各档作文分相当于百分制的得分，列表如下，称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60（详单与百分制的60分）。,2020/10/13,13, 字数不足应酌情扣分：,2020/10/13,14,2. 作文的程序 审题 1 minute 写提纲 4 minutes 正式作文 20 minutes 检查复读 2 minutes,2020/10/13,15,2009年6月四级真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: For this part, you are allowed

6、 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums . you should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法 Free Admission to Museums,2020/10/13,16,2009年12月四级真题 Part Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: Fo

7、r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要。 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该 Creating a Green Campus,2020/10/13,17,2010年6月四级真题 Part I Writing (30 minutes)

8、注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为 Due Attention Should Be Given

9、To Spelling,2020/10/13,18,2010年12月四级真题,Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子

10、独立, 父母应该 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?,2020/10/13,19,2011年6月四级真题,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2 网上购物有很多好处，也有不少问

11、题3 我的建议 Online Shopping,2020/10/13,20,2011 . 12 . 17 ?,2020/10/13,21,四六级作文之基本原则,结构模式化 内容简单化 语言多样化 错误最少化,2020/10/13,22,文章的基本结构与模式,英语文章一般为线型结构，即从句到段，从段到 篇，直截了当，简单明确。一篇文章无论有多少 段，其结构总是由三部分构成： 引言段（Introduction）对全文主题的一般概括性介绍。 发展段（Developing paragraphs）文章的主体部分，对文章主题展开阐述。 结尾段（Conclusion）概括、归纳全文。,2020/10/13,

12、23,三段式作文的结构安排,2020/10/13,24,四级作文之“万能理由”,方便 效率 节约 健康 娱乐 环境 安全 经验 人际,内容简单化,2020/10/13,25,1、方便： convenient/ convenience 2、效率： efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency 3、节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift，waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish 4、人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, c

13、onsiderate, confident, creative, sociable, generous，selfish, isolated, conservative 5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic,2020/10/13,26,6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, recreation, entertainment, relax，tired, boring, lonely 7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 8、经验：experience, social

14、experience, enter the society 9、人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely, charity,2020/10/13,27,基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：,越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 人们认为：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that 许多问题：a host of/ a number o

15、f problems 引起人们注意：claim / call/ attract general/ public/ world attention to sth. 意识到：there is a growing awareness/ realization of/ that, awaken sb. to the fact/ danger 适应新的形势/变化：adapt/ adjust/ accommodate oneself to new environment/ change,2020/10/13,28,获得成功：achieve/ accomplish success 提出观点/建议：advan

16、ce / put forward / come up with the arguments/ ideas/ suggestions 作出努力：make tremendous/ persistent/ sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do (with work/study) 影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/ work 产生影响：have/ exert a profound influence on life/ personality, have a dramatic/ undesirable effe

17、ct on,2020/10/13,29,四六级段落写作的小原则,一） 长短句原则 二） 主题句原则 三） 一二三原则 四） 短语优先原则 五）多实少虚原则 六） 多变句式原则 七） 挑战极限原则,2020/10/13,30,一） 长短句原则。,在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。,2020/10/13,31,As a creature， I eat； as a man， I read. Although one action is to m

18、eet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind， they are in a way quite similar.,2020/10/13,32,二） 主题句原则。,一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ To begin with， you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without suffici

19、ent preparation， you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.,2020/10/13,33,三） 一二三原则 （强烈推荐）,1）to begin with， then， furthermore， finally 2）to start with， next， in addition， finally 3）first and foremost， besides， last but not least（强烈推荐） 4）most important of all， moreover， finally 5）on

20、the one hand， on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 6）for one thing， for another thing（适用于两点的情况）,2020/10/13,34,四） 短语优先原则。,使用短语，有两个好处： 其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点-精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。 其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want

21、it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。,2020/10/13,35,五）多实少虚原则。,多用实词，少用虚词。 虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个人很好的时候，不应该只说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous， humorous， interesting， smart， gentle， warm-hearted， hospital 之类的形象词。 再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走

22、出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！,2020/10/13,36,六） 多变句式原则。,1）加法（串联） 都希望写下很长的句子，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是在任何句子之间加and， 但最好是前后的句子有先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to protect our campus

23、from waste and pollution, and these activities are to play an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft， but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides， furthermore， likewise， moreover,2020/10/13,37,2）转折（拐弯抹角）,A number of factors could account fo

24、r the problem, but the following are the most critical ones. 更多的短语： despite that， still， however， nevertheless， in spite of， despite， notwithstanding,2020/10/13,38,3）因果（so， so， so）,The snow began to fall， so we went home. 更多短语： then， therefore， consequently， accordingly， hence， as a result， for this

25、 reason， so that,2020/10/13,39,4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）,有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。 其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go， Why he goes away。,2020/10/13

26、,40,5）附加（多此一举）,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I dont enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu， our oral English teacher， is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句-借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。,2020/10/13,41,6）排比（排山倒海句） 文学作品中最吸

27、引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么引用一个个的排比句，一个个对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个的词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional， sophisticated or simple， there is plenty in London for you.,2020/10/13,42,Nowadays， energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil， coal， natural gas， solar

28、heat， the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard， to enlarge our scope of knowledge， to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. 要想写出气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！,2020/10/13,43,七） 挑战极限原则 既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine，

29、a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent， its size being about three times that of China. 如果可写出一些这样的句子，不得高分才怪！,2020/10/13,44,1用于文章的开头的句型 2用于文章的结尾的句型 3用于比较性和驳斥性议论文的句型 4用于解释性和阐述性议论文的句型 5用于论证和说明的句型,常用句型,2020/10/13,45,Faced with, quite a few people

30、 argue that, but other people conceive differently. With the development of , vast changes await this countrys society. There is a general discussion today about the issue of . Those who object to argue that . They believe that . But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that Currently there i

31、s a widespread concern that Now people in growing number are coming to realize that ,1用于文章的开头的句型,2020/10/13,46,Now it is commonly held that , they think . But I doubt whether In the past 6 years there has been Recently the issue of has been brought to public attention Never in Chinese history has th

32、e idea that been more popular than One of the great men once said that . Now more and more people share this belief,2020/10/13,47,2用于文章的结尾的句型,From what has been discussed above/Taking these factors into account, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that It is high time that we p

33、ut considerable/great/special emphasis on We must look for an immediate method, because the present situation of , if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/ result in Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite satisfactory. The problem should be

34、examined in a new way. There is no immediate solution to the problem of , but might be helpful /beneficial.,2020/10/13,48,No easy method can be a hand to solve the problem of , but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of might be the first step on the right way. There is little doubt/de

35、nying that It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task of require immediate attention. As far as be concerned, I believe/ think that In conclusion, ,2020/10/13,49,3用于比较性和驳斥性议论文的句型,The advantages of A are much greater than B. Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too. Although

36、A enjoys considerable advantage over , it cannot compete with B in Although everyone believes that , I wonder whether the argument bears much analysis. Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe ,2020/10/13,50,Although it is commonly held that , it is unlikely to be true that It is true that , but

37、 it doesnt follow that It would be reasonable to take the view that , but it would be foolish to claim that There is in fact no reason for us to believe that In all the discussion and debate over , one important fact is generally overlooked.,2020/10/13,51,4用于解释性和阐述性议论文的句型,Among the most convincing r

38、easons given by people for , one should be mentioned One may think of the trend as a result of The change in largely results from the fact that There are several causes for this significant growth in . First , Second , Finally A number of factors could account for the development in ,2020/10/13,52,W

39、hy are/do ? For one thing, For another, . And the primary reason is B is chiefly responsible for The reasons for are complicated. And probably they are found in the fact We may look into every possible reason except the real one It is no simple task to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon

40、 which involves many factors.,2020/10/13,53,5用于论证和说明的句型,We may cite/ quote/ take a single/ common example to illustrate Our society abounds with the examples of A recent study indicates/suggests/shows that According to the statistics provided by , it can be seen that There is good sufficient evidenc

41、e to show that ,2020/10/13,54,This brings out/set forth the important fact that No one can ignore/overlook the fact that I can think of no better illustration of the idea/view than the fact that It is very important/of great importance to do/that Lets take an example/some examples to illustrate ,202

42、0/10/13,55,六级写作30个最经典的替换词,1. individuals, characters, folks 替换(people ,persons) 2. positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good 3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的) 替换bad,2020/10/13,56,eg. An army of college students ind

43、ulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they records are less impressive.,2020/10/13,57,4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用m

44、any, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that. 同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.,2020/10/13,58,5. a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some 6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowle

45、dged that 替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that),2020/10/13,59,7. affair , business , matter 替换thing 8. shared 代 common 9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits ) 10.for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion,2020/10/13,60,11. Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/

46、growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. 12. little if anything, 或little or nothing 替换hardly 13. beneficial, rewarding 替换helpful, 14. shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer 15. exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very,2020/10/13,61,16. hardly necessary, hardly inevit

47、able . 替换 unnecessary, avoidable 17. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in 18. capture ones attention 替换attract ones attention. 19. facet, demension, sphere 代aspect 20. be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 代 indicate, s

48、uggest ,fear,2020/10/13,62,21. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换.reasons for sth 23. desire 替换want 24. pour attention into 替换pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 替换remember,2020/10/13,63,26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思) 27. inte

49、raction 替换communication 28. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth 29. to name only a few, as an example 替换 for example, for instance 30. next to / virtually impossible, 替换nearly / almost impossible,2020/10/13,64,第3节 听力冲刺,2020/10/13,65,反复听、做真题，习惯听力的语速、难度和信息编排规律；了解出题规律。 熟悉解题关键词，注意积累和总结各种主题的短语

50、和词汇，做到听到能识别，熟悉发音技巧， 并且能够正确拼写。 具体做法： 逐词逐句听写真题内容，掌握所有单词。,如何在短期内提升听力水平？,2020/10/13,66,1、每天一定保持至少35分钟以上的听力时间。 听力备考方法和能够持之以恒的坚持是非常重要的事情。 . 精听太少，泛听太多。 . 持续注意力时间不够。,2020/10/13,67,2、坚持每天练习听写 听写本身就是一种精听，是提高听力最基本的途径，听写可以很大程度上迅速提高对听力的敏感度。 首先要听的很清楚，写单词，如果听懂了，写不出来，是很难得分的。 听写是一举多得的，边听边写可以锻炼你的快速书写能力，练习一个星期，你会发现自己有

51、很大进步。,2020/10/13,68,听写训练方法,第一步：一句话先听一遍，要求自己严格地把所听到的内容一词不变地记录下来。如果有记不下来或不确定的，就先留出空格，然后再听一遍。基本上一句话可以反复听三至五遍（具体依据训练者本身水平而定），如果有某些部分听了五遍还是无法攻克，就先放一放，听下一句。就这样逐句把整篇材料听完。,2020/10/13,69,第二步：对照录音原文，把之前没有写出来的，或者写错的部分圈出来，并进行分析。 常见错误原因往往有二：第一，没有听出来的单词确实是不认识的，反复听也没感觉;或者听的时候似曾相识，但拼写发生了错误，那么就利用对答案的机会把单词背熟。通过这个过程背单

52、词印象深刻，效果绝对优于死背词汇书; 第二，在练习听写时，有一个词反复听也听不懂，但最后对照原文一看，马上就认识了原来是背过的单词，只不过听的时候意识不到。为什么有的单词会看得懂而听不懂呢?很可能是因为对于该单词的发音存在误解。碰到这种情况，应该马上把录音再听一遍，并跟读，把自己的发音纠正过来，以后就不会犯同样的错误了。,2020/10/13,70,可见，重要的不仅仅是练习本身，对答案时的分析总结也有很多值得注意的学习方法。 帮助我们发现和判断自己英语老提不高的“病根”究竟在哪里，然后“对症下药”单词不认识的背单词，拼写不熟悉的记拼写，发音不正确的纠正发音，从而全方位巩固自己的英语听力基础。,

53、2020/10/13,71,听力注意事项,1. 心态平静 2. 巧用时间，争取主动 3. 从选择项出发，善于预测问题 4. 善于捕捉解题信息 5. 注意对话的情景 6. 注意言外之意,2020/10/13,72,听力小技巧,1. 浏览选项 选择项都比较短时，可采用扫视法。用眼光扫过选择项，大体了解其内容。 当选择项较长时（节的选择项往往较长），分两步处理。 第一步，整体看，以发现其共同成分； 第二步，采用竖读方法，着重看区别。 选择项各项之间往往有相同的内容。先整体扫视选择项，发现其共同处，然后将视线移到各项不同之处进行竖读（即由上向下看，而不是由左向右看）。,2020/10/13,73,11

54、. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center. C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter. 选项均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读时无需关注句意，直接找相似场景即可，并且按照听力短对话规律，重点仍然在女士话语当中，典型的“转折”出答案题型。 M: Excuse me. Do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter. W: Im sorry, but I think yo

55、u can get it through the money changer in the shopping center across the street. Q: What is the man trying to do?,2020/10/13,74,30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. B) She makes them write down all her instructions. C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. D) She as

56、ks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.,2020/10/13,75,2. 预测问题的类型和内容 虽然在听音之前很难确定题目的确切内容，但选择项的结构和内容往往暗示问题的类型和大致内容。有些题的选择项很有特点，非常明显地反映出其问题的类型。例如： A) At the airport. B) In a restaurant. C) At the railway station. D) In a department store. 完全可以肯定此问题问的是地点。选择项的语言结构往往可以提示问题的类型,2020/10/13,76,3. 相信第一感

57、觉，不要随意改动。 听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。,2020/10/13,77,4.做必要记录 速记，简记；记要点，记关键词。 简单到只要是自己能看懂，能为做题服务就足够了。 记的要点包括中心思想、主要人物、主要情节，有关的地点、时间、数字（要准确）等。,2020/10/13,78,正确答案的特征,1 含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项 意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项 意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项 意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项 2含有一下单词的一般是正确选项 neither / either / also / besides / al

58、most / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none,2020/10/13,79,3含有以下三种结构的一般可能是正确选项 系表结构（系动词+标语） 比较结构（than） 复合句 4含有四级词汇替换项的一般是正确选项 5表示“同意或不同意”，“喜欢或不喜欢”，“应该或不应该的”的一般为正确选项 6以下三种选项一般其中有一个可能是正确选项 反意项 形似项 近似项 7同意项不可能是正确选项，等例排除。 8绝对化选项，一般不是正确答案，可直接排除,

59、2020/10/13,80,关于时间推断题 1直接听到的不选 2极限值即值最大和最小的选项一般不选 关于数字计算题 1灾难题（如飞机失事、交通事故）：一般选总和 2号码题 double 表示两个，double two =22 triple 表示三个，triple two = 222 凡是遇到一时反映不过来或听不懂的数字一般为“0” 3价格计算题 打折题(discount), discount of 10% 表示打9折 此类题目一般选第二大的数字（最大的一般是原价，第二大的一般就是打完折的） 单价题 one / each 此类题目较难也很少考，一般在有倍数关系的一对数字中选小的那个,2020/10/13,81,听力选择题目的一般性做题规律,小对话：视听反向原则、同义替换原则。视听反向原则是指，在小对话的题目中，当你发现被读到的单词或短语在选项中明显出现的时候，此选项更容易是错的