高中英语五种基本句型.ppt

1、句 子 成 分 Members of a Sentence,*句子成分由词或词组充当,英语的基本成分有七种：_和_,主语（subject）、,谓语（verb）、,表语（predicative）、,宾语（object）、,定语（attribute）、,状语(adverbial),补语（complement）。,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,一： （主谓） 二： （主系表） 三： （主谓宾） 四： （主谓间宾直宾） 五： （主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一： （主谓）,主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词

2、不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，,如：We come., （不及物动词）,1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词 都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二： （主系表）,此句

3、型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,You are students. We are in the classroom. We are good friends, arent we?,其 它 系动词,状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look - 变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续：remain, stay, keep, continue -, （是系

4、动词） （表语）,1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red.,*There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物,试比较：Ther

5、e is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。） 前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里。,基本句型 三： （主谓宾）,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。, （及物动词） （宾语）,1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He admits that he was mistaken.

6、,基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）,这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。,-Give me a cup of tea please., （及物） （间（贱）人） （直物）,She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine.,Who can find me the eraser? Pass

7、 me the eraser.,Who can find the eraser for me?,Pass the eraser to me.,Who can find me the eraser? Pass me the eraser.,1.动词+sb, sth.=动词+sth. for sb. 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词（常用的） book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物

8、cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物 draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物 fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物 find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物 fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物 order sb. s

9、th. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物 pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌） spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物 steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物,2.动词+

10、sb.sth.=动词+sth. to sb. 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词(常用的) award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe s

11、b. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱） post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听 return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 sell sb. sth. = s

12、ell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. t

13、o sb. 告诉某人某情况 throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人 write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信,基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。,The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I

14、 often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.,名词/代词宾格 + n./adj./ 介词短语/动词不定式/分词, （及物） （宾语） （宾补）,1. They painted the door green. 2. This set them thinking. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw th

15、em getting on the bus.,双宾语及一人一物，都与主语发生联系 如give sb sth, buy sb sth,pass sb sth 等， I gave him a pen. 宾补是回答宾语怎么样了的句子成分，宾补动作是由宾语发出的，与主语无关。感官动词和使役动词后常接宾补. 如: mother asked me to buy some sugar. we made him monitor. I heard her singing.,a， b， c， d， e， ,1，Pleas tell us a story._ 2, She smiled._ 3. I have a

16、lot of work to do._ 4. His job is to train swimmers._ 5. He noticed a man enter the room._ 6. Please look at the picture._,d,a,e,b,e,c,但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（adj./adv./num.数词）短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语 The little boy needs a blue pen.,定语: Two

17、boys need two pens. His name is Tom. The boy in blue is Tom. The boy there needs a pen. The boy needs a ball pen. There is nothing to do today. The pen bought by her is made in China. The boy you will know is Tom.,In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。 Before his mother, Tom is always

18、 a boy. 在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子 On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室里没有学生,状语：,一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject.,(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The m