外贸函电之Module 12+13.ppt

1、Business English,Vocabulary,Listening,Speaking,Different ways of working,A mini-presentation,Reading,How to job-share,Working from home,1.1 Ways of working,相关背景知识,为了降低员工在工作、家庭、休闲或教育方面不同要求的冲突，减少交通费用，兼顾工作和生活，使员工更加安心工作，降低员工流动率，同时也为了更好地利用办公设备，提供24小时服务，许多公司釆用了灵活多样的弹性工作方式。其中主要有以下几类： 弹性工作地点（flexiplace),指员工

2、通过电脑网络和其他通讯方法在家工作 (homeworking)员工可节省往返公司的时间，但此方法只适用于某些动脑和IT专业的员工，例如文字秘书、软件编程员、报刊编辑、作家等。,弹性工作时间（flexitime），亦作flexible working hours, 就是将员工工作时间分为核心时间和弹性时间。核心时间（例如早上10点到12点，下午2点到4点）为员工必须工作时间，其余时间定为弹性时间，即员工自己选择的工作时间， 这样员工可灵活决定上下班时间。员工每天工作时间相同（例如每天8小时），但实际到公司上班的时间每天不同。,压缩工作周（compressed work weeks),就是以每天较

3、长工作时间的工作日，换取每周较少的工作日。例如员工每周需要工作40小时，在压缩工作周安排下， 员工不一定要工作5天，每天8小时，他们可选择每天工作10小时，每周工作4天。,长期兼职（permanent part-time),即雇用一些不愿全天候完整时间工作，而仅利用部分时间工作的员工，其工作时间虽不是整天整周，工作时间却定期不变（例如某私人企业定期雇用会计师在每个工作日下班后为其处理财务账目）。,分担工作（job-sharing),即一份全职工作由两人分担，两人均为长期兼职员工，按需要分摊工作时间、工资、假期及福利。,regular hours regjul 正常工作时间 flexible h

4、ours fleksbl弹性工作时间 freelance fri:l:ns自由职业 job-share 分担工作 shift-work 轮班工作，倒班制 part-time 兼职 teleworking teliw:ki电子化办公方 式，电子办公,Vocabulary,temping 当临时工 specialist advice spelist专业咨询 hot-desking 办公桌轮用 office gossip gsip办公室小道消 息 consultancy knsltnsi 咨询公司，顾问公司,Vocabulary,2. Match these ways of working 1-8

5、to definitions A-I. Do you work in any of these ways?,0 freelance 1 teleworking 2 job-sharing 3 shift-work 4 part-time 5 temping 6 consultancy 7 flexitime 8 hot-desking,A You work during different parts of the day (eg. nights). B You sell your work or services to a number of different companies. C Y

6、ou work for different companies for a short time without a permanent contract. D You work a number of hours per week or month but you decide when you start or finish. E You dont have a permanent place or office to work at, but you find a place to work when you arrive. F You work for a company from h

7、ome via email, phone or the Internet. G You only work for some of the week (not full-time). H You do your job for part of the week and another person does it for the other part. I You arent employed by a company, but are paid to give specialist advice.,3.Match the nine ways of working in exercise 2

8、to their comments.,Its great because Im my own boss, but I still work with lots of different people. freelance; temping; consultancy,I wish I had my own space. I have to carry everything around in my bag and sometimes theres nowhere to sit. hot-desking,I like it because its only for a couple of mont

9、hs and Im saving up to go round the world. temping,The only problem is sleeping. Your body never knows if its night or day! shift-work,It can get a bit lonely at times. And I miss my colleagues and all the office gossip. teleworking,My children are at school so it lets me spend more time with them.

10、part-time; teleworking,When one of us wants a week off, the other person does a few extra days so its fairly flexible. job-sharing,Reading,credit krdt n.赞扬，功劳 managing director n.总裁，总经理（美国也称chief executive or president） brainpower n.智能 worst-case adj. 做最坏打算的 scenarios sina:riu n.事态，局面 delegate dlgt

11、vt.授权，分派工作 availability ,velblt n.利用（或获得）可能性，可以利用的人（物），人员，物资保证 parental leave prentl父母假，育儿假，照 顾新生儿女假,4. Read about job-sharing. Write these headings into each paragraph.,Get organized,Set your limits,Put pen to paper,Two become one,Open your mind,Plan for disaster,Find the perfect partner,Dont feel

12、guilty,How to job-share Wouldnt it be nice if the working week finished on Wednesday? With a job-share it can. Heres the essential guide to making it work. (0) Find the perfect partner. Find someone you like. Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame, says Carol Savage, the managing dire

13、ctor of Flexecutive, a flexible working consultancy. (1) _ Bosses should consider requests for flexible working from employees with children under six. So embrace the benefits: Twice as much experience, skills, brainpower and energy, Savage says. (2) _ Always discuss the worst-case scenarios. When M

14、argaret Mills, a teacher, lost her job-share partner because of a family illness, a return to full-time work seemed inevitable. We had been over-optimistic. I did manage to find someone else who fitted in with me, but I was very lucky.,Reading,Open your mind,Plan for disaster,(3) _ Plan the system f

15、or handing work over carefully and play to each others different strengths. Delegate the workload according to each others particular skills and qualities. (4) _ Manager should clarify what they expect in terms of hours, availability and results, and employees should manage their employers expectati

16、ons. Sue Osborn, a job-sharer for 21 years, says, Were often asked to do five-day weeks. Eventually you just have to say no. (5) _ Agree in writing arrangements for holidays, parental leave, retirement, etc. everyone should know where they stand from the beginning. (6) _ Do not work until 1am at hom

17、e to make up for not being in the office every day. (7) _ Clients may not like having to deal with two people working closely together. As Savage says: A job-share should be like a marriage- one voice, one unit.,BACK,Get organized,Set your limits,Put pen to paper,Dont feel guilty,Two become one,List

18、ening,1.You will hear a woman called Michela talking about working from home. 1) What does she say is important when working from home?,2) What does she think are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this way of working?,Have a timetable and stick to it.,Advantages: - you spend more time with

19、 the children - more flexibility - the company saves money on office space no commuting Disadvantages: sometimes you work in the evening you miss people and office news,2 Listen again and answer the following. 1) Complete the notes about Michelas typical day.,7:00 get up, get the kids ready 8:30 9:0

20、0 12:00 14:30 ,take kids to school,start work,have lunch,finish work,2) How long has she been with her current employer? How long has she been home-working?,Shes been with her current employer since she left school, but shes been home-working for five years.,3) Is she doing anything different from n

21、ormal this week?,Shes going to the office every day to meet visitors.,BACK,Listening script I=Interviewer M=Michela I: OK, Michela. You work from home now. Can you tell me about a typical day? M: Sure, I always get up around seven and the first thing I do is get the kids ready for school. I take the

22、m at eight thirty and then I always start work at nine. I: Do you ever have a day where you decide to have the morning off and start work later? M: No, you cant do that. Its important with home-working to have a timetable and stick to it. If you end up watching TV or doing the cleaning then it isnt

23、for you. So I have lunch at twelve and finish work at two thirty to get the children. I: Was that why you gave up you office job? M: Yes, I wanted to spend more time with the children. It gives me more flexibility. Sometimes I need to work in the evening but usually it isnt a problem. I: So how long

24、 have you been doing this kind of work? M: For about five years. Ive been with the same company since I left school, but with the Internet and technology its easy now to be at home. I: So your employer doesnt mind.,M: No. It means the company saves money on office space and as long as I get the work

25、 done, theyre happy. Sometimes I still go into work to meet clients and so on. For example, Im going in nearly every day this week because we have visitors from another company and I cant really invite them over to my house. Besides, its nice to go in every so often. I like to see people and catch u

26、p on the gossip and the news with my colleagues. I miss that side of going into work every day. I: Is there anything else you miss? M: Ermm. No, not really. And Ill tell you what I really dont miss and thats having to spend two hours commuting on the bus and train every day,Grammar: present tenses,p

27、resent continuous 现在进行时 present perfect continuous 现在完成进行时 present simple 一般现在时 present perfect simple 现在完成时,语法小结： 一般现在时 (1)用来指经常性的动作： I normally start work at 9 am.我通常在9点开始工作 (2)用来指一般事实：He works for a company in Spain.他在西班牙的一家公司工作。 现在进行时 (1)用于表示说话时或说话前后正在进行的动作： Were doing some consultancy for them

28、at the moment.眼下，我们正在为他们提供咨询。,(2)用于表示变化的趋势或局势：Interest in our new range is growing faster than even we anticipated.用户对我们新产品系列的兴趣增长 快，甚至超过我们的预想。 现在完成时： (1)用于谈论从过去开始持续到现在的工作：Ive sent off half the packages.我已经寄出一半的包 裹了。 (2)用于谈论动作的结果：Ivedone everything!我把一切都搞定了！,现在完成进行时： (1)着眼现在，用于谈论从过去开始持续到现在的 作：Michae

29、l has been working from home for quite a few months.麦克尔在家工作已经有好几个 了。 (2)常用于强调一个动作或它的持续时间长：Ive been opening boxes for over three hours now! 我一直在开箱，做了有三个多小时了！,现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较：,现在完成时强调从过去开始持续到现在的状态（动作结束） 而现在完成进行时强调从过去开始持续到现在的动作（动作持续） 例如： I have written a book. 我已经写了一本书。 I have been writing a book. 我一直

30、在写一本书。,1.2 Making contacts,Developing a conversation,Vocabulary,Reading,Listening,Speaking,Lifes all about making connections,Starting a conversation,Job responsibilities,Writing,Business correspondence,Vocabulary,Job responsibilities Tell your partner about your job. Use these expressions and choos

31、e the correct preposition.,I work of/ for/ about Im involved in/ of/ for Im responsible for/ of/ about I deal for/ with/ of I usually report up/ at/ to Im in charge for/ of/ to I specialize about/ in/ for,Home,Vocabulary,Home,trade fair event 商品交易会 coffee break 工间咖啡休息时间 drinks evening 晚间酒会 coaching

32、event 专项体验训练活动 useful contacts kntkt有用的人际关系 co-chair 联合总裁，主席 Internal communication k,mjunken内部交流,Vocabulary,Home,post-it note 便条 network 建立关系网络 networking 建立人际网，关系网 maximise mksmaz最大限度的使用，发挥 （maximize 美式） socializing 参加社交，交际,Vocabulary,Home,corporate world krprt商界 networking event （为职场人士建立人脉专门举行的）联

33、谊活动 locals 当地人 be spread out 分散在各地,文章相关背景知识：,Pricewaterhouse Coopers普华永道会计师事务所，英文缩写为PWC，香港称作罗兵咸永道，俗称水记或水房，台湾称为资诚，是世界最大的跨国专业服务机构。 coffee break工作间歇休闲时间，通常喝咖啡或吃小点心。也译工间咖啡休息时间。喝茶的工间休息时间可称tea break。,The City Girls Network年轻职业女性网络，简称CGN，是伦敦一家专门为刚走上职场的年轻职业女性提供人脉资源的公司。 ABN AMRO荷兰银行，成立于1824年,总部设在荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹，是当

34、今全球最大的跨国银行之一。,Reading,To you, networking might mean (1)_ a conference or trade fair event to meet new clients or partners. Or it could be the coffee break at work where you share (2)_ with colleagues in other departments. But nowadays networking has become an event in itself.,For example, Pricewater

35、house Coopers offer its female staff a formal networking (3)_ called PwCwomen. With 900 members, it organizes events ranging from informal drinks evenings to coaching events. Tina Hallet, who is (4)_ for the group, says that she got involved (5)_ networking because Id got to a reasonably senior leve

36、l and I wanted to help other people to maximize their potential.,You dont have to be senior to (6)_ a network though. Vicky Wood and Sally Hopkins had the idea for the City Girls Network when they first moved into Londons corporate world and wondered how to get to (7)_ other women. We couldnt find a

37、nything for people with no experience. So we thought wed start our own. From twelve friends meeting regularly, it rapidly grew to 250 members from many different organizations. Its a great way to (8)_ useful contacts and bring in potential business.,Fiona Clutterbuck is co-chair of a network for the

38、 bank ABN AMRO. Women tend to think of networking as (9)_ and give it low priority. but given the chance, women will network as the banks last speed networking event demonstrated. With over100 women and men, it was a great (10)_. It is amazing how many people you get to meet from different parts of

39、the organization.,Listening,Starting a conversation,Listen to four people starting conversations. In each conversation decide where the speakers are making contact. Conversation 1:_ A. At a conference Conversation 2:_ B. Over dinner Conversation 3:_ C. In someones office Conversation 4:_ D. On a tra

40、ining course,C,A,D,B,Match the expressions on the left to the responses on the right.,0. Id like to introduce you to Mark. 1. Nice to meet you at last. 2. Do you two know each other already? 3. Would you like a coffee? 4. So have you enjoyed this morning? 5. Is this your first time at one of these e

41、vents? 6. May I join you? 7. Youre a colleague of Martin Obach, arent you? 8. How do you know him? 9. How many children do you have? 10. Have you always lived in Lille? 11. I know your company is looking for a partner on this Thai project.,A. Yes, it is. And you? B. Hello, Marek. How do you do? C. T

42、hanks. D. Pleased to meet you too. E. Sure. F. Two. Twins. G. Yes, most of my life. H. Yes. Is that something you might be interested in ? I. Well, weve spoken on the phone a few times. J. Yes, it was very interesting. K. Thats right. He works in our Barcelona office. L. We were both at Elcotil toge

43、ther.,Listening script Conversation 1 R=Richard W=Woman M=Marek R: Hello? W: Hello, Richard.Id like to introduce you to Marek. R: Oh yes. Hello,Marek. How do you do? Nice to meet you at last. M: Hello, Richard. Please to meet you too. W: Oh, do you two know each other already? M: Well, weve spoken o

44、n the phone a few times. R: But weve never actually met. Anyway, take a seat. Would you both Like a coffee?,Listening script Conversation 2 A: Would you like a coffee? B: Oh thanks. A: Milk? B: Yes, please, and a sugarthanks. A: So have you enjoyed this morning? B: Yes, it was very interesting. The

45、first speaker was particularly good. A: Is this your first time at one of these events? B: Yes, it is. And you? A: No. Ive been coming for years. The company pays and if the location is good then I come. I remember the best year we had was,Listening script Conversation 3 M=Marie W=Woman M: May I joi

46、n you? W: Sure. M: Youre a colleague of Martin Obach, arent you? W: Thats right. He works in our Barcelona office. How do you know him? M: We were both at Elcotil together. He left about a year before me. W: Oh, are you Mandy? M: Marie. W: Marie. Thats right. Sorry, I knew it began with an M. Yes, M

47、artin said you were doing this course and that I should say hello,Listening script Conversation 4 A: Well, this is nice. B: Well, its quite simple but the food is very traditional and its popular with the locals. On Sundays I often bring the family here. A: Thats nice. How many children do you have?

48、 B: Two. Twins. A boy and a girl. Theyve just started school. A: Wow. Twins. B: And you? A: No, not yet. And have you always lived in Lille? B: Yes, most of my life. I worked in Pairs for a while and in your country, of course. But all my relatives are here. What about your family?,A: Oh, theyre spr

49、ead out. I see my parents from time to time but my sister lives in Norway with her husband so we dont get together much. Anyway, I know your company is looking for a partner on this Thai project. B: Yes. Is that something you might be interested in,交谈注意事项,In China, family and children is a common to

50、pic to talk about. 在中国，讨论家庭和孩子司空见惯 Good topics for networking with western business people include weather, work and language. 谈论天气、工作和语言是与西方人建立关系网络的好话题。,交谈注意事项,Family matters at times is an unpleasant topic. 有关家庭的话题有时也会令人不快 avoid politics and religion in the conversation. 政治和宗教的话题要避免不谈 Subjects lik

51、e social conditions, regional conflicts, sex, and race should be avoided. 像社会状况、宗教冲突、性和种族的话题也要避免,交谈注意事项,It may be an intrusion of privacy to ask about personal finance. 打听个人资金状况会被视为侵犯个人隐私 uncivilized to talk about eating pets such as dog，rabbit, bird，turtle，and monkey 谈论食用狗、兔、禽鸟、乌龟、猴子等宠物，会被视为野蛮和缺乏教养

52、 safe to talk about hobbies, travel, arts, sports, and fashion 安全话题包括个人爱好、旅游、艺术、运动和时尚,Writing,Business correspondence,备忘录（memo)，电子邮件（email），普通信件（letter）和便条（post-it note） 备忘录：是商务信函中的一种，主要用于公司内部对公司的职员、部门通报信息，如会议安排、情况报告、问题处理等。在英语中称之为interoffice memorandum ,mmrndm ，其复数为memoranda ,mmrnd ，简称memo。除了可以采用书面形

53、式之外，备忘录也可以通过email发出。英文备忘录的一般格式如下： 其中To项是收件人，在其姓名前可以加上Mr.，Mrs.，Dr.或All staff等，在其姓名后可加上职位和部门。From项是发件人，其姓名前一般不加尊称，但姓名后同 样可加上职位和部门。Subject即内容主题，一般用简短的几个字做简略陈述，不需要是一个完整的句子，几个词或词组即可。,To: From: Date: Subject: Body,Writing,Business correspondence,Body即内容是备忘录的主要部分，写作应该力求简明、确切。首先应直入主题，列出最重要的信息，然后可以具体说明事由、情况，

54、提出意见和建议等，最后可以根据具体情况或重申主题或表示意愿或感谢。需要指出的是，备忘录得末尾不需要签名。但是如果给个人的备忘录还发给 了收件人以外的其他人，须在末尾cc:之后写上其姓名。 正式英文商务电子邮件的格式除收信人地址、发信人地址、主题外，内容格式和正式书信一样。 便条通常用手书，文体比较随意。,1. Read the correspondence on Evelyns desk and answer these questions.,1) Is it all related to her work? 2) Which is formal? What is it about the c

55、ontent and language which tells you this? 3) Which is intern communication? Did anyone else receive it? 4) How is the memo different to the letter and the email? Think about the following: - the layout - the beginning and the end - the paragraphs 5) Find abbreviations which mean the following? - tel

56、ephone number - as soon as possible - at - Subject (or) With reference to,Answer,Answers: The email and post-it note are not related to her work. The memo and the letter are formal because they are giving information and replying to a customer with a complaint. The language uses quite long and fixed

57、 expressions. The memo is internal communication because it was sent within the company. Everyone in the company received a copy of it. The memo uses the To/ From/ Date/ Subject headings. It doesnt require an opening salutation line (Dear) or closing salutation (BestYours). Memos often have only one paragraph. Tel. / asap / / RE,2. Complete this table of phrases for writing emails, letters, notes and memos with the underlined words in Evelyns correspond