高英2的问题的答案

1、Lesson11.What, according to the writer,makes good conversation?what spoils it? A good conversation does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go. A good conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not

2、to convince. When people become serious and talk as if they have something very important to say, when they argue to convince or to win their point, the conversation is spoilt.2. Why does the writer like “bar conversation” so much?The writer likes bar conversation very much because he has spent a lo

3、t of time in pubs and is used to this kind of conversation. Bar friends are companions, not intimates. They are friends but not intimate enough to be curious about each others private life and thoughts.3.Does a good conversation need a focal subject?No. Conversation does not need a focus. But when a

4、 focal subject appears in the natural flow of conversation, the conversation becomes vivid, lively and more interesting.4. Why did people in the pub talk about Australia?Why did the conversation turn to Norman England?The people talked about Australia because the speaker who introduced the subject m

5、entioned incidentally that it was an Australian who had given her such a definition of the Kings English. When the people talked about the resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for English as it should be spoken, the conversation moved to Norman England b

6、ecause at that time a language barrier existed between the Saxon peasants and the Norman conquerors.5. How does the use of words show class distinction?The Saxon peasants and their Norman conquerors used different words for the same thing. For examples see paragraph 9.6. When was “the Kings English”

7、 regarded as a form of racial discrimination in England?The Kings English” was regarded as a form 0f racial discrimination during the Norman rule in England about 115413997.What is the attitude of the writer towards “the Kings English”?The writer thinks “the Kings English” is a class representation

8、of reality1t is worth trying to speak “the Kings English”，but it should not be 1aid down as an edict，and made immune to change from belowThe Kings English is a model a rich and instructive one- but it ought not to be an ultimatum8.What does the writer mean when he says, “the Kings English,like the A

9、nglo-French of the Normans,is a class representation of reality?During the Norman period，the ruling class spoke Anglo French while the peasants spoke their native Saxon language Language bears the stamp of the class that uses itThe Kings English today refers to the language used by the upper，educate

10、d class in EnglandLesson21 Like other good writers,Orwll is good at showing rather than telling what details or examples does the writer use to show how poor the natives in Marrakech were.Beyond choice of words and imagery ,Orwell successfully depicts the poverty of the inhabitants of Marrakech by d

11、escribing objectively the various aspects of their life. His vivid objective descriptions give the reader a clear picture of the poverty of the people.Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging

12、for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying firewood. 2. Whats the main idea of paragraphs 1-2？How were people buried in Marrakech? What does this show?In these two paragraphs, Orwell tells us how people are buri

13、ed in Marrakechthe crowd of mourners wailing a chant, corpses wrapped in a piece of rag, carried on a rough wooden bier, friends hacking a shallow hole, throwing the body in it, flinging some driedup earth over it, no grave stone. All these show a vivid picture of the poverty of the place. 3. What w

14、as the Jewish quarter like in Marrakech? How were the Jew treated in this country?Under the rulers of the Moorish empire, Jews in Marrakech were only allowed to own land in certain areas. As a result, the streets are very narrow, houses overcrowded and completely without windows. The people have bee

15、n made to live in such crowded places for so 1ong that they have become used to this kind of overcrowding; since they can expect nothing better, they no longer bother about it. The Jews was an oppressed minority in this colonial country. Their fate was even worse than that of the natives.4. What doe

16、s the writer describe in Paragraph 10?Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.5. What did the Arabs and poorer Europeans think of the Jews? How does the writer respond to the remarks about the Jews?The Arabs think the Jews only p

17、retend to work as a poor laborer. They are in reality very rich for they control everything. The writer knew the Jews were now being condemned by prejudice and ignorance as some poor old women who cou1d not even get themselves a decent meal were condemned and burned for witchcraft.6. What kind of pe

18、ople ,according to Orwell,are partly invisible?Why dose he stress this point?Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. Its only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fac

19、t that all colonial empires are in reality founded.Lesson 3 1. Why dose Kennedy say that the world is very difficult now?What differences does he have in mind?Kennedy thinks the world is different now because man has made great progress in science and technology and has not only the power (scientifi

20、c farming, speedy transportation, mass production, etc. ) to abolish poverty, but also the power(missiles，H_bombs，etc)to destroy all forms of human lifeI agree with him2. What belief is still at issue around the globe according to him?According to Kennedy，the belief still at issue around the globe i

21、s the belief that all man are created equal and God has given them certain inalienable rights which no state or ruler can take away from them3. Name some of the old allies of the United States whose cultural and spiritual origins the United States share.These old allies are :Britain，Canada，Australia

22、，New Zealandand in a wider sense one may also include France4. Whom does Kennedy consider as friends and whom as foes.Kennedy considers as friends：a)the old allies of the US， such as Britain，Canada，Australia，New Zealand and the western European countries； b) the countries in South America and；c)many

23、 of the developing countries in Asia and Africa that rely on USaidHe considers all socialist countries as foes(all that time the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union)and those developing countries preparing to take the socialist road5. Who are those peoples in huts and villages? Why does Kenned

24、y want to help them?The poor people in backward developing countries in Africa and Asia. Because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor,it cannot save the few who are rich.6. What is his stated policy towards Latin America?The stated policy of Kennedy towards Latin America

25、is summed up in the phrase “alliance for progress”Kennedy pledged to take concrete steps to assist these governments and people in casting off the chains of poverty7. Sum up the policy Kennedy says he intends to pursue towards those nations whom he considers to be “our adversary”.Kennedys policy tow

26、ards “his adversary” is negotiation from a position of strengthThe USmust first be strong enough to deter her adversary From this strong position of absolute military superiority Kennedy proposes negotiating with the socialist camp(or the Soviet Union)on the following problems：a) arms control，b) coo

27、peration in the fields of science，technology，arts and commerce，c)a new world system8. What is his message to his fellow citizens? What does he mean by “a long twilight struggle”?He calls on his fellowAmericans to make new sacrificesto do what his country calls on him to do He should be prepared to s

28、acrifice everything，even his life if necessary， to defend freedom，to wage constant war against tyranny，poverty，disease and warThe“long twilight struggle”is not a hot war but a constant，persevering fight against tyranny，poverty，disease and the threat of warLesson 41. Can you find any evidence to supp

29、ort the view that the writer is satirizing a bright but self-satisfied young man?The whole story is satirizing a smug, self-conceited freshman in a law school. The freshman is made the narrator of the story who goes on smugly boasting and singing praises of himself at every chance he could get. From

30、 the very beginning in paragraph 4, he begins to heap on himself all the beautiful words of praise he can think of such as “cool, powerful, precise and penetrating”,etc.At the same time the narrator takes every opportunity to downgrade Petey Bureh. For example, he calls him dumb, nothing upstairs ,

31、unstable , impressionable and a faddist .And as for Polly Espy, she is a beautiful dumb girl, who would smarten up under his guidance. It proves to be a big irony for the narrator when the dumb girl goes back to her former dumb boyfriend Petey Burch,just because the latter has a raccoon coat. 2. Why

32、 does the narrator consider Petey Burch dumb as an ox?The narrator considers Petey Burch dumb as an ox because he thinks Petey to be unintelligent, an emotional and impressionable type of person. However, Petey s worst fault is that he is a faddist, he is swept up in every new craze that comes along

33、.3. What kind of girl is Polly? Why does the narrator teach Polly Espy logic?Polly is beautiful and gracious. He decided to teach Polly Espy logic because he wanted not only a beautiful wife but also an intelligent one. The narrator wanted a wife who would help to further his career as a lawyer. He

34、found Polly had all the necessary qualities except intelligence. This he decided to remedy by teaching her logic.4. What does Dicto Simpliciter mean? How does the narrator explain it to Polly?The fallacy of Dicto Simpliciter is committed by an argument that applies a general rule to a particular cas

35、e in which some special circumstances (accident) makes the rule inapplicable. The narrator shows it with the example: Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.In fact, “Exercise is good” is an unqualified generalization. For instance, if you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good

36、. Many people are ordered by their doctors not to exercise. You must qualify the generalization. You must say exercise is usually good, or exercise is good for most people.5. What does Post Hoc mean? What example does the narrator give? What is Pollys first reaction to this argument?The fallacy of P

37、ost Hoc mislocates the cause of one phenomenon in another that is only seemingly related. The most common version of this fallacy mistakes temporal sequence for causal connection. The narrator gives an example: Lets take Bill on our picnic. Every time we take him out with us, it rains. She remembers

38、 a girl back home-Eula Becker. Every single time we take her on a picnic it rains.6. What does Contradictory Premises mean? What example does the narrator give? Is Polly confused?Contradictory Premises means the premises of an argument contradict each other.The narrator gives an example of Contradic

39、tory Premises: If God can do anything, can He make a stone so heavy that He wont be able to lift it?Yes, Polly is confused.7. What does Ad Misericordiam mean? What example is given to explain this fallacy? How does Polly respond to the example? What does it show about her?The fallacy of Ad Misericor

40、diam is committed when the conclusion changes the point that is at issue in the premises, such as, when a trial lawyer, rather than arguing for his clients innocence, tries to move the jury to sympathy for him. The narrator gives the example of a man applying for a job. When the boss asks him what h

41、is qualifications are, he replies that he has a wife and six children at home, the wife is a helpless cripple, the children have nothing to eat, no clothes to wear, no shoes on their feet, there are no beds in the house, no coal in the cellar, and winter is coming. Polly is moved to tears by the pov

42、erty and misery of the worker. She is a simple, nice girl with the right feminine emotions. 8. What is False Analogy? What is Poisoning the Well?False Analogy is committed when the two items dont have strong enough similarities to predict that what happens in one will happen in the other.Poisoning t

43、he Well means people speak against the man rather than to the issue. The premises may only make a personal attack on a person who holds some thesis, instead of offering grounds showing why what he says is false9. Why does the narrator say, “I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein”? (Para.135) Becaus

44、e he begged Pollys love and was refused. He might get the same result as Frankenstein, who created a monster that destroyed him, not as Pygmalion, who was loved by his own statue of Galatea.Lesson 51. Why were the younger generation of the1920s thought to be wild?The younger generation of the 1920s

45、were thought to be wild because they visited speakeasies, denouced Puritan morality, experimented in armour in the parked sedan on a country road,etc. (See para. 1).2. Was there a revolt of the younger generation at that time? How did it manifest itself?Yes and no Yes because the business of growing

46、 up is always accompanied by a Younger Generation Problem, no because all their actions can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degeneration of jazz mad youth.3. What does the writer mean by “the pattern of escape”?(para.4)All the activities mentioned above were means to help the young people to escape their more serious responsibilities of changing society and most young people went in for these activities. It became a general pattern of behavior.4.