宾语从句 (2)

1、宾语从句,1.什么是宾语从句？ 2.宾语从句的连接词 3.宾语从句的语序和时态 4.宾语从句与简单句的转换,the Object Clause 宾语从句,主句,I think that you are excited.,连接词,宾语从句,由一个从句在句子中作宾语，这个句子就叫宾语从句。在句子中充当及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语、形容词的宾语 For example: 1. I know (that) she lives here. 2. Father is thinking of how we can get to the station? 3. I am sorry (that) I am la

2、te for class.,宾语从句的三种类型,1. 由that引导； 2. 由连接代词who, what, which, whose和连 接副词when, where, why, how等引导； 3.由if 或whether引导。,We all say (that)Lao Wang is a good friend.,We all say. Lao Wang is a good friend.,Im sure. You have seen that book before.,Im sure(that)you have seen that book before.,注意情况之一 连接词的选择

3、： 1. 由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等 引导，并 且在口语中常常省略此词：,2.当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时， 须用连词if 或者whether引导，意思为“是否”，表示选择。For example:,1. Could you tell us? Will he ready come here?,Could you tell us if (whether) he will really come here?,2. Is the Summer Palace open now? Could you tell me?,Could you tell me if (whether) the

4、 Summer Palace is open now.,注意：whether 或 if 两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 连用，而 if 不能。,3.当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变来时，则用连接代词who, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。它们均是充当一定成分，一般不可省略。For example:,Could you tell me? Where is the post office?,Could you tell me where the post office is?,注意：连接词与其后名词构成短语时则不可

5、拆开使用。 what time, which room, how many people.等。 I dont know which bus I should take. Do you know what time it is?,注意情况之二 语序 ：若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked b

6、est .The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box .,注意情况之三 时态的变化 1. 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可以 根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。 I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) sh

7、e will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应 的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( th

8、at ) he had had supper already . 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存 在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一 般现在时态。 He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. The teacher told us light travels faster than sound.,注意情况之四

9、 标点符号： 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的 限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号； 而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me what color you like best . Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?,注意情况之五 宾语从句的否定形式 ：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think, e

10、xpect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose 等表示 “认为，猜想”的心里活动的词时，一般要把宾 语从句中的否定式转移到主句中，即否定转移。I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money .,连接代词who, whose, what, which和连接副词 when, where, why, how等引导的表语从句可 以变为连接代词或连接副词加动词不定式的 形式。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station.

11、 Could you tell me how to go to the station. I dont know which one I should choose. I dont know which one to choose.,注意情况之六,注意情况之七 宾语从句中的特殊情形 ： 在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意 1) 句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语 从 句改写，而应该用 “ ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. ” 的句式。 Dont open the door . The teacher said to me. The teacher asked

12、 me not to open the door . 2) 代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从 句 时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。 Lucy says ,“ I come from Canada ”. Lucy says that she comes from Canada .,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.

13、 I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do) The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk) I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be),w

14、ill be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,travels,are talking,were,were doing,10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 13. Ling Feng told me he _ to several times.

15、(be) 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,has been,rises,did,1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to make friends with us? H

16、e asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his home

17、work.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me? 9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me? 10. “Where is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you te

18、ll me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,专项练习 1. Do you know how much hot water? AMum is needed B. does Mum need CMum needsD. did Mum need 2. Can you tell me? A. where he is B. where is he C. he is whereD. what is he 3. I didnt know how t

19、o London? A. would they goB. are they going C. they would goD. they are going 4. I want to know how long Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5. Do you know? Awhat the news areBwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news,6. _ is true that she may fall behind the others. A. There B. This C. That D. It 7. The foreign friend