现在完成时知识梳理

1、现在完成时【概念引入】欣赏含有现在完成时的名言：Life has taught me to think, but thinking has not taught me to live. 生活教会了我思考，但思考却没有教会我生活。Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. We have already missed the spring. 对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说，冬天一定很冷。我们已经错过春天了。Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge, but not knowledge its

2、elf. 在自然赋予我们知识的种子，而非知识本身。现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是：助动词have（has）+过去分词构成的。I have finished my homework. 我已经完成了作业。现在完成时的否定句：是在助动词have(has)的后面加not构成。I havent seen the film so far. 到目前为止，我还没有看那部电影。现在完成时的一般疑问句：是把助动词have(has)提到句子主语的前面。Have you seen the film yet? 你看过那部电影了吗？【用法讲解】一、现在完成时的定义及用法（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

3、I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业了。 He h

4、as just had his meal. 他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They havent started yet他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it 我们从来没有听说过这件事。二、现在完成时的定义及用法（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用。I have been here for just over two years. 我到这里才两年多。He has worked here since

5、1989. 从1989年，他就在这里工作。1） 因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have等。2）使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。如：for three years, for half an hour等。 since 作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since 1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。since 还可

6、用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如：We have known each other since we went to college. 自从我们上大学我们就彼此认识了。3）非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词。如: comebe, come tobe in / at, go out be out, leavebe away, beginbe on, stop be over， buy have, borrow keep, openbe open, closebe closed, joinbe a memb

7、er of, diebe dead, catch a coldhave a cold, get to knowknow, become a teacher be a teacher, fall asleepbe asleep, fall ill be ill等。三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别及联系：1）都表示过去发生的事；2）现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3）一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc.）。He had his breakfast at 6:00. （一般过去时） 他六点钟吃的早饭。

8、He has had his breakfast.（现在完成时）他吃过早饭了。四、have gone to， have been to与have been in 的用法比较have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；have/has been to:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。They have gone to England, and they will go back next week. 他们去英国了，下周回来。Mr. Green

9、has been in China for many years. 格林先生在中国呆过好多年了。Miss Brown has been to Japan twice. 布朗小姐到日本去过两次。五、重点句型:It is/ has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+ since从句举例：他死了两年了。（可用多种句式表达）He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years ha

10、s passed since he died.Exercises1 选择填空( )1.I Enghish in this school since 1999(A)taught (B)have taught (C)tea (D)would teach( )2.Lilei the pen for five years(A)has had (B)bought (C)have had (D)have bought( )3.Kate her grand mothers photo before(A)havent seen (B)have seen (C)see (D)hasnt seenExercise

11、s2 选择填空( )1.Have you finished your work? .(A).Yes,I have. (B)Yes,I do. (C)Yes,I am. (D)Yes,I did.( )2.Has she ever learned English? (A)Yes, she has. (B)Yes, she does. (C)No, she doesnt (D)No, she has( )3.He finished his homework. yet(A)doesnt(B)havent (C)hasnt (D)doesnt haveExercises3 选择填空( )1.Have

12、you travelled on the train. Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( )2.Have you finished your homework Not .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just( )3. We havent finished our homework .(A)already(B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )4.Have you learned English? Yes, Ive learned a lot.(A)never, ever(B)ever, never

13、 (C)ever, already (D)already. ever Exercises4 A）用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month4) _ 19995) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she left hereB）用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive k

14、nown him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.Exercises5A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _

15、there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。1) Where is

16、Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.Exercises 6 选择填空(

17、)1. Have you finshed your homework Yes, I it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( )2. you ever to Nanjing Yes, I there last year.(A)Havegone, have gone (B)Havebeen , went(C)Didgo, went (D)Didgo, has , been( )3.When you Lucy in New York? I here for two years(A)didmeet, hav

18、ent seen (B)didmeet, havent seen(C)didmeet, dont see (D)wouldmeet, hadnt seen( )4.-when_ you to Beijing? How long you here?(A)havecome , havebeen (B)didcome , havebeen(C)didcome , didgo (D)didcome , have gone Exercises7A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./

19、at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go

20、 out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours

21、 ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ F

22、uzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not hav