土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

1、第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English 3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering 5 地下工程 Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学 Engineering Mecha

2、nics 11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety 17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋 rebar 25 预应力混凝土 pre-stress

3、ed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构 truss structure 29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure 30 近海工程 offshore engineering 31 静力学 statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity 37 塑性力学

4、plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending mome

5、nt52 torque 扭矩 53 应力 stress 54 应变 stain 55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress 57 主应力 principal stress 58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量 挠度 deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force 64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam 67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridg

6、e 70 桩 pile 71 主动土压力 active earth pressure 72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure 73 承载力 load-bearing capacity 74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline 81 子学科 sub-discipline 82 期刊 journal ,periodical83文献literature8

7、4 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷 volume87 期 number 88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding 90 学位论文 thesis, dissertation91 专利 patent 92 档案 档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference 94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate stude

8、nt97 研究生 postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目 title 102 摘要 abstract 103 全文 full-text 104 参考文献 reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword 108 ASCE American Society of C

9、ivil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署 110 ISO International Standard Organization 111 解析方法 analytical method 112 数值方法 numerical method 113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction 115 规范 Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程2.foundationengineering基础

10、工程3.soil,earth土4.soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基 viscousdamping粘滞阻尼 shearmodulus剪切模量5.soildynamics土动力学6.stresspath应力路径7.numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学 二.土的分类1.residualsoil残积土groundwaterlevel地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3.clayminerals粘土矿物4.s

11、econdaryminerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡6.boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.mediumsand中砂14.finesand细砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土18.siltyclay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂质粉土21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.satu

12、ratedsoil饱和土23.unsaturatedsoil非饱和土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土27.underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土28.zonalsoil区域性土29.softclay软粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozensoil冻土24.degreeofsaturation饱和度25.dryunitweight干重度26.moistunitweight湿重度45.ISSM

13、GE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcyslaw达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepagepressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepageforce渗透力11.hydraulicgradient水力梯度12.coefficientofpermeability渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.s

14、oftsoil软土2.(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effectivestress有效应力4.totalstress总应力5.fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度6.lowactivity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxialtest三轴试验9.foundationdesign基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearingcapacity承载力12.soilmass土体13.contactstress(pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentratedload集

15、中荷载15.asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.stripfooting条基19.squarespreadfooting方形独立基础20.underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下卧层（土）21.deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载22.liveload活载23.shorttermtransientload短期瞬时荷载24.long-termtransientload长期荷载25.reducedload折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deform

16、ation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clayfraction粘粒粒组31.physicalproperties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-gradedsoil级配良好土34.poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土35.normalstresses正应力36.shearstresses剪应力37.principalplane主平面38.major(intermediate,minor)principalstress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=f

17、initeelementmethod有限元法41.limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力44.modulusofcompressibility压缩模量45.coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数46.compressionindex压缩指数47.swellingindex回弹指数48.geostaticstress自重应力49.additionalstress附加应力50.totalstress总应力51.finalsettlement最终

18、沉降52.slipline滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1excavation开挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failureoffoundation基坑失稳4bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护5bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起6retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）10deepwellpoint深井点11vacuumwellpoint真空井点12bracedcuts支撑围护13bracedex

19、cavation支撑开挖14bracedsheeting支撑挡板七.深基础-deepfoundation1.pilefoundation桩基础1)castin-place灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩boredpile钻孔桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩rammedbulbpile夯扩桩2)belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamedboredpier3)precastconcr

20、etepile预制混凝土桩4)steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheetpile钢板桩5)prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩2.caissonfoundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragmwall地下连续墙截水墙4.frictionpile摩擦桩5.end-bearingpile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.waveequationanalysis波动方程分析8.pilecaps承台（桩帽）9.bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力

21、10.lateralpileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力12.staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.verticalallowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.lowpilecap低桩承台15.high-risepilecap高桩承台16.verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silentpiling静力压桩18.upliftpile抗拔桩19.anti-slidepile

22、抗滑桩20.pilegroups群桩21.efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数（）22.efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应23.dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术24.finalset最后贯入度25.dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验26.pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验27.pilehead=butt桩头28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端（头）29.pilespacing桩距30.pileplan桩位布置图31.arrangementofpiles=pilelayou

23、t桩的布置32.groupaction群桩作用33.endbearing=tipresistance桩端阻34.skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻35.pilecushion桩垫36.piledriving(byvibration)（振动）打桩37.pilepullingtest拔桩试验38.pileshoe桩靴39.pilenoise打桩噪音40.pilerig打桩机九.固结consolidation1.Terzzaghisconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论2.Barraonsconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论3.Bi

24、otsconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论4.overconsolidationration(OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidationsoil超固结土6.excessporewaterpressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结9.primaryconsolidation主固结10.secondaryconsolidation次固结11.degreeofconsolidation固结度12.consolidationtest固结试验13.conso

25、lidationcurve固结曲线14.timefactorTv时间因子15.coefficientofconsolidation固结系数16.preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力17.principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理18.consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结十.抗剪强度shearstrength1.undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度2.residualstrength残余强度3.long-termstrength长期强度4.peakstrength峰值强度5.shearstrainr

26、ate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulombtheory莫尔库仑理论10.angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failurecriterion破坏准则13.vanestrength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfinedcompression无侧限抗压强度15.effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力

27、破坏包线16.effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型-constitutivemodel1.elasticmodel弹性模型2.nonlinearelasticmodel非线性弹性模型3.elastoplasticmodel弹塑性模型4.viscoelasticmodel粘弹性模型5.boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型6.Duncan-Changmodel邓肯张模型7.rigidplasticmodel刚塑性模型8.capmodel盖帽模型9.worksoftening加工软化10.workhardening加工硬化11.

28、Cambridgemodel剑桥模型12.idealelastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫尔库仑屈服准则14.yieldsurface屈服面15.elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型16.elasticmodulus弹性模量17.Winklerfoundationmodel文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力-bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1.punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏2.generalshearfailure整体剪切破化3.lo

29、calshearfailure局部剪切破坏4.stateoflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态5.criticaledgepressure临塑荷载6.stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性7.ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载力8.allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力十三.土压力-earthpressure1.activeearthpressure主动土压力2.passiveearthpressure被动土压力3.earthpressureatres

30、t静止土压力4.Coulombsearthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论5.Rankinesearthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析-slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod毕肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定安全系数4.Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slicesmethod条分法十五.挡土墙-retainingwall1.stabilityofretainingwall挡土

31、墙稳定性2.foundationwall基础墙3.counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙7.anchoredplateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙8.anchoredsheetpilewall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物-sheetpilestructure1.steelsheetpile钢板桩2.reinforcedconcretesheetpile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steelpiles钢桩

32、4.woodensheetpile木板桩5.timberpiles木桩十七.浅基础-shallowfoundation1.boxfoundation箱型基础2.mat(raft)foundation片筏基础3.stripfoundation条形基础4.spreadfooting扩展基础5.compensatedfoundation补偿性基础6.bearingstratum持力层7.rigidfoundation刚性基础8.flexiblefoundation柔性基础9.embeddeddepthoffoundation基础埋置深度10.netfoundationpressure基底附加应力11

33、.structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis上部结构基础地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质-dynamicpropertiesofsoils1.dynamicstrengthofsoils动强度2.wavevelocitymethod波速法3.materialdamping材料阻尼4.geometricdamping几何阻尼5.dampingratio阻尼比6.initialliquefaction初始液化7.naturalperiodofsoilsite地基固有周期8.dynamicshearmodulusofsoils动剪切模量9.dynamicma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquakeengineering地震工程2.soildynamics土动力学3.durationofearthquake地震持续时间4.earthquakeresponsespectrum地震反应谱5.earthquakeintensity地震烈度6.earthquakemagnitude震级7.seismicpredominantperiod地震卓越周期8.maximumaccelerationofearthquake地震最大加速度二十一.室内土