腹膜后隙PPT课件

腹膜后隙,内容：一、肾二、输尿管三、血管、神经,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,概 述,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,腹膜后隙位置：腹后壁腹膜后方。范围：上自膈，下至骶岬，两侧续腹膜外筋膜。向下续盆部的腹膜后间隙。,（一）肾 kidney,内容： （一）肾的位置和毗邻（二）肾蒂（三）肾的血管（四）肾的被膜,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,一、肾的位置及毗邻,肾位于脊柱两侧，腹膜后方，紧贴腹后壁的上部。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,左肾位置：,上端平第11胸椎下缘下端平第2腰椎下缘,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,上端平第12胸椎上缘 下端平第3腰椎上缘 第12肋跨过左肾的中部，右肾的上部。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,右肾位置：,肾门位置：,肾门平第一腰椎平面，距正中线约5cm。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肾区：,竖脊肌外侧缘与第12肋之间的部位称肾区（肋脊角）。在某些肾疾病患者，叩击或触压该区可引起疼痛。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肾的毗邻：,两肾后面：膈 腰大肌 腰方肌 腹横肌两肾上端: 肾上腺,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,右肾前面邻：肝右叶 结肠右曲 十二指肠降部,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,左肾前面邻：胃 胰 空肠 结肠左曲,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,二、肾门、肾蒂,肾门： 肾的内侧缘中部凹陷，是肾的血管、神经、淋巴管和肾盂出入肾的部位，称肾门。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肾蒂 renal pedicle：出入肾门的结构合称肾蒂，主要结构肾动脉、肾静脉、肾盂。右侧肾蒂较左侧短。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,由前向后依次为：肾静脉、肾动脉、肾盂 从上向下依次为：肾动脉、肾静脉、肾盂,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肾蒂主要结构的排列关系:,三、肾的被膜,肾表面包有三层被膜，由内向外为：,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,纤维囊脂肪囊肾筋膜,（二）输尿管 ureter,输尿管起于肾盂，终于膀胱，长约2530cm。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,输尿管行程分部:,分三部:,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,腹部,盆部,壁内部,输尿管腹部：,位于腹膜后方，沿腰大肌前面下降至小骨盆上口处，左右输尿管分别跨过髂血管的前面，进入盆腔移行于盆段。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,输尿管腹部在腰大肌前面中点处与睾丸血管（男）或卵巢血管（女）相交叉（血管位于输尿管前面）。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,腹部的血管、神经,腹主动脉从膈的主动脉裂孔沿脊柱左前方下降，至第四腰椎平面分为左、右髂总动脉。其右侧邻下腔静脉。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,动脉：腹主动脉,腹主动脉的分支有：,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,壁 支,脏 支,1.壁支主要有： 膈下动脉 4对腰动脉 骶正中动脉,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,2.脏支主要有： 成对的脏支 不成对的脏支,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,（1）成对的脏支,有3对: 肾上腺中动脉 肾动脉 睾丸动脉(精索内动脉) (在女性则称卵巢动脉),January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,（2）不成对的脏支,有3支： 腹腔干 肠系膜上动脉 肠系膜下动脉,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,膈下动脉发出: 肾上腺上动脉 腹主动脉发出: 肾上腺中动脉 肾动脉发出: 肾上腺下动脉,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,肾上腺的动脉 （3对）,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,静脉：下腔静脉inferior vena cava,下腔静脉由左、右髂总静脉在第5腰椎右侧汇合而成。下腔静脉收集下肢、盆部和腹部的静脉。,下腔静脉的属支有：,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,壁支,脏支,壁支：膈下静脉 对腰静脉,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,2. 脏支： 成对脏器和肝的静脉注入下腔静脉, 不成对脏器的静脉先汇合成肝门静脉, 入肝后再经肝静脉入下腔静脉。,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,3对：(1)肾静脉 (2)肾上腺静脉 (3)生殖腺静脉,成对脏器的静脉：,January, 2007,Copyright Depart. Anatomy, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University. All right reserved by YP HOU and YF SONG,(1)肾静脉 renal V 左侧长于右侧。(2)肾上腺静脉 右侧注入下腔静脉, 左侧注入肾静脉。(3)生殖腺静脉,右侧注入下腔静脉,左侧注入肾静脉。,肝静脉hepatic V.一般有左、中、右3条, 包埋在肝实质内, 在腔静脉沟上份（裸区）注入下腔静脉。,January, 2007,Copyright