三维设计2014届高考英语二轮专项知识复习精品课件书面表达系列之使用较多的语法结构

高考能力层级层级 (二) 使用较较多的语语法结结构 用时时4课时课时 第四周 并列句和状语语从句的写作 一 、并列句 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单简单 句构成。在并列句中，这这些简单简单 句常由并列连词连连词连 在一起。并列连词连词 所连连接的简单简单 句被称为为分句。 1常见见并列句的类类型及并列连词连词 类类型 连词连词 并列关系 (递进递进 关系) and, both . and ., not only . but also ., neither . nor ., when 转转折关系but, yet, whereas 选择选择 关系 or, otherwise, or else, either . or ., not . but . 因果关系for, so, therefore, thus 对对比关系while Talents come from diligence, and knowledge is gained by accumulation. 天才在于勤奋奋，知识识在于积积累。 Not only does he speak English correctly, but also he speaks it fluently. 他不仅仅能正确地说说英语语，而且说说得很流利。 Ms. Li spent a wonderful time with us, but we know that we cannot thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance.(2012陕陕西书书面表达) 李老师师和我们们度过过了一段快乐乐的时时光，但我们们知道对对 她所有的付出和指导导再怎么感谢谢也不为过为过 。 What he lacks is not intelligence but perseverance. 他所缺乏的不是聪聪明才智而是毅力。 I apologized to her, for I had wronged her. 我向她道歉了，因为为我错错怪了她。 Im good at science while my sister prefers arts. 我擅长长理科而我妹妹更喜欢欢文科。 2并列连词连词 构成的常用句式 (1)and构成的句式 祈使句and陈陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语语 从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结结果的主句)。 Work hard and you will succeed.( If you work hard, you will succeed.) 努力学习习，你就会成功。 名词词组词词组 and陈陈述句(名词词组词词组 相当于一个条件 状语语从句，其中常含有more, another等词词)。 Another try, and youll make a success. 再试试一次，你就会取得成功。 (2)or (else)/otherwise构成的句式 祈使句or (else)/otherwise陈陈述句。 Seize the chance, or (else) youll regret. 抓住这这次机会，否则则你会后悔的。 名词词组词词组 or (else)/otherwise陈陈述句。 More healthy food, or youll break down early or late. 多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟迟早会垮垮掉。 (3)when构成的句式 sb. was doing sth. when . 某人正在做某事，这时这时 We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们们正在开会，这时这时 突然有人闯闯了进进来。 sb. was about to do sth. when . 某人正要做某事，这时这时 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们们正打算动动身，突然下起雨来了。 sb. had just done sth. when . 某人刚刚做完某事，这时这时 I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang. 我刚刚刚刚 拖完地，这时电话铃这时电话铃 响了。 二、状语语从句 在英语语写作中，状语语从句的运用也是高考英语语高 分作文的必需条件，所以考生必须须学会并熟练练运用状 语语从句。 状语语从句修饰饰主句中的动词动词 、形容词词和副词词，由 从属连词连词 引导导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。状语语 从句在句首时时，往往用逗号把从句与主句隔开。 1引导导状语语从句的连词连词 分类类 状语语从句 连词连词 时间时间 when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, until, as soon as, hardly . when, no sooner . than, scarcely . when, each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, immediately 地点 where, wherever, everywhere 状语语从句连词连词 条件 if, unless, providing/provided that, supposing/suppose that, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case, only if, if only 原因 because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that 让让步 though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter, whether . or . 状语语从句 连词连词 比较较 as, than, the same as, not so . as, as . as 方式 as if, as though 目的 that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear that, lest 结结果so that, so . that, such . that, but that 在写好简单简单 句的基础础上，要写好含状语语从句的复合 句，掌握引导导每种状语语从句的连词连词 是关键键，因为为状语语 从句内的结结构与简单简单 句相同，我们们需要什么状语语从句， 只需在句前加上相应应的连词连词 即可。当然我们还们还 需分清复 合句中哪是主句，哪是从句。 2状语语从句的常用句型结结构 (1)时间时间 状语语从句 When/While/As从句，主句 When he comes, well light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday” together for him.(2012全国卷书书面表达) 当他到来时时，我们们将点起蜡烛烛一起为为他唱生日歌。 As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important, so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.(2012四川书书面表达) 随着世界逐步变变成地球村，英语变语变 得越来越重要，因此掌 握英语语就意味着通过过一个新的窗口看世界。 主句after/before从句 They hadnt been married for four months before they divorced. 他们结们结 婚不到四个月就离婚了。 We went home after we finished the work. 我们们完成工作就回家了。 主句until从句 I worked until he came back. 我一直工作到他回来。 I didnt work until he came back. 他回来后我才开始工作。 No soonerhad主语语done . than主语语 did(注意：其正常语语序是：主语语hadno sooner done . than主语语did) No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you. I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you. 我一到北京就给给你打电话电话 了。 By the time (that)从句主句(注意：主句用完 成时态时态 ) By the time you came back, I had finished reading this book. 到你回来时时，我已经读经读 完这这本书书了。 By the time you come back, I will have finished reading this book. 到你回来时时，我将读读完这这本书书。 Each/Every time (that)从句主句(each/every time 相当于whenever或no matter when) Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me. 每当他来哈尔滨滨的时时候，他总总会顺顺便来看我。 (2)地点状语语从句 主句where从句 Farming is difficult or impossible where there is no rain. 在没有雨水的地方种庄稼是很难难的或者说说是不可能的 。 Anywhere/Wherever从句主句 Anywhere I go, my wife goes, too. 无论论我去哪儿，我的妻子也都要跟着去。 (3)条件状语语从句 When/So long as/As long as/Once从句主句(从句 也可以放在主句之后) As long as you give me some money, I will let you go. 只要你给给我一些钱钱，我就让让你走。 Were/Should/Had主语语谓语谓语 主句 Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday. 如果我是你的话话，昨天我就去那儿了。 主句unless从句(注意：从句谓语动词谓语动词 用肯定 形式) I will go there tomorrow unless it rains. 如果明天不下雨，我就去那儿。 Ifnecessary/impossible/important .主句(从 句常用省略句式) If necessary, I will do it. 如果有必要的话话，我来做此事。 (4)原因状语语从句 主句for fear (that)/considering that/seeing that 从句 Take your raincoat for fear (that) it may rain. 带带上你的雨衣，恐怕要下雨。 主句because从句 He was late for work because he was caught in the traffic. 因为为堵车车，他上班迟迟到了。 As/Since从句主句 Since she cant answer this question, its better to ask someone else. 既然她不会回答这这个问题问题 ，最好问问其他人好了。 (5)让让步状语语从句 No matter what/which/who/where/when/whose从 句主句(注意：从句常用一般现现在时时) No matter what you do, you must do it well. Whatever you do, you must do it well. 无论论你做什么，一定要做好。 No matter where you go, please let me know. Wherever you go, please let me know. 你无论论去哪儿，请请通知我。 形容词词/副词词/名词词as/though主语语谓语谓语 主句( 从句中名词词作表语时语时 ，其前不加冠词词) Hard as he works, I am sure that he cant pass this exam. 虽虽然他学习习很努力，但我认为这认为这 次考试试他肯定通不过过 。 Boy as he is, he is his mothers good help. 尽管他还还是个孩子，他已经经是妈妈妈妈 的好帮手了。 (6)目的状语语从句 主句in order that/so that从句 I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，以便能赶上早班车车。 (7)结结果状语语从句 主句so that从句 It was very cold so that the river froze. 天气很冷，因此河水结结冰了。 So形容词词/副词词系动词动词 /助动词动词 主语语that从句 So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again. 这这本书书非常有趣，我想再读读一遍。 主语语谓语谓语 such名词词that从句 He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher. 他取得了如此大的进进步，因此老师师表扬扬了他。 Such be主语语that从句 Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. 爆炸力如此巨大，以至于所有的窗户户都被震碎了。 .用适当的连词连词 填空 1Stand over there youll be able to see the oil painting better. 2Start out right away, youll miss the first train. 3I worked hard at English and devoted all my spare time to practicing English, I failed to pass the midterm examination. and or/otherwise but 4About 9：00 last night, I was busy preparing for my tomorrows test suddenly loud noises came into my room. 5Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, 48% of the boys favor sports stars. 6However, sometimes when you meet some difficulties, when you quarrel with others when you fail in doing something, you may have a bad mood. when while or 7Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time Brian gets back. 8 the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. 9After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. 10All people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. before Although/Though where whether .把下列每组题组题 中的两个简单简单 句合并为为一个并列句或 含有状语语从句的复合句 1He was tired. He went to bed. _ _ 2Our teacher must be at home. The door is open. _ He was tired so he went to bed./Because he was tired, he went to bed. Our teacher must be at home, for the door is open. 3He is considered to be a good writer. His works are not widely read. _ _ 4I was walking in the street. I saw an old friend of mine. _ _ 5You will be late. You leave immediately. _ He is considered to be a good writer, but his works are not widely read. I was walking in the street when I saw an old friend of mine. You will be late unless you leave immediately. 6Take more exercise. Youll get really fit. _ 7We must study hard. Knowledge is power. _ 8Students can improve their writing ability in this way. They can strengthen their selfconfidence . _ _ Take more exercise, and youll get really fit. We must study hard because knowledge is power. Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way but they can also strengthen their selfconfidence . .高考作文单单句翻译译 1(2012安徽书书面表达)父母希望我在大学学习习科学，因为为 他们认为们认为 作为为理科学生的我会有更好的未来。(because) _ _ _ 2(2012江苏书苏书 面表达)他们们开始大喊大叫，随后变变成了可 怕的争吵。(and) _ _ My parents wish me to study science at college because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. They started shouting and yelling, and then it turned into a horrible quarrel. 3(2012浙江书书面表达)我正在欣赏赏周围围的美景时时，某种 不愉快的事吸引了我的眼球。(when) _ _ 4(2012湖北短文写作)尽管对简对简 陋的校园和配备备不好的 教室感到失望，但我发现发现 老师们师们 都很耐心和体贴贴。 (as) _ _ _ When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught my eyes. Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate. 5(2012天津书书面表达)我希望这这个机会不仅仅使你高兴兴而 且也会满满足你对对中国歌剧剧的兴兴趣。(not only . but also .) _ _ 6(2012陕陕西书书面表达)随着教师节师节 的来临临，我们们班决定 今年做一下改变变：举办举办 一次聚会来庆庆祝这这一重要节节日。 (as) _ _ _ I hope this opportunity will not only make you happy, but also satisfy your interest in Chinese operas. As Teachers Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. .根据汉语汉语 提示完成短文 请请根据下面的四幅图图画，写一篇英语语短文，讲讲述冬冬 和姥姥发发生在路上的一段故事。尽可能多地使用状语语从句 。 Last Sunday, when Dongdong was walking in the street with his granny, suddenly he saw something shiny on the ground. After he took a close look, he said，“Look, Granny. There is a tenfen coin here.” Granny told Dongdong to pick it up quickly, but instead of obeying his granny, Dongdong kicked the coin away with one of his feet as if he didnt care about the money.When Granny saw what Dongdong did, she went over and picked it up. To teach Dongdong a lesson, Granny pointed to the coin and said to Dongdong, “Honey, as a good citizen, we have the duty to take good care of RMB.” Hearing what his granny said, Dongdong felt ashamed and lowered his head. 参考范文： 第五周 定语语从句的写作 根据所掌握的定语语从句的知识识，熟练练地使用定语语从 句也是高考英语语写作的一项项基本要求。定语语从句属于较较 为为复杂杂的语语法结结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用 定语语从句有助于提高写作的得分。 定语语从句在句中作定语语修饰饰一个名词词或代词词，被 修饰饰的名词词、词组词组 或代词词叫做先行词词。定语语从句通常 出现现在先行词词之后，由关系词词(关系代词词或关系副词词)引 出。 一、定语语从句关系词词的基本用法(见见下表) 关系词词词词形所修饰饰的先行词词在从句中所作的成分 关系 代词词 who whom which that as whose when where why 人 人 物或事 人或物 人、物或事 人或物 时间时间 名词词 地点名词词 原因名词词 主语语、宾语宾语 宾语宾语 主语语、宾语宾语 主语语、宾语宾语 、表语语 主语语、宾语宾语 定语语 时间时间 状语语 地点状语语 原因状语语 关系 副词词 In the English corner, I meet many friends, who share the same interest with me.(2012全国卷书书面表达 ) 在英语语角，我遇到很多朋友，他们们和我有共同的兴兴 趣。 He is a professor, which I have been looking forward to becoming. 他是个教授，那是我一直盼望的职职位。 二、运用定语语从句的注意事项项 运用定语语从句必须须注意两点：由关系代词词或关系副 词词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现现；定语语从句与简简 单单句一样样，也要求句子结结构既正确又完整。 将下列每组组句子连连成一个含定语语从句的复合句，并 分析定语语从句中的成分。 三、as引导导的定语语从句 as引导导的定语语从句是写作中出现频现频 率很高的一种句 式，其用法如下： (1)关系代词词as用于限制性定语语从句时时，常出现现在固 定句型as . as (和一样样大/高/深), the same .as (和 一样样/同类类), such . as (诸诸如)中。 (2)as也可以引导导非限制性定语语从句，代替整个主句 的内容，并在从句中作主语语、宾语宾语 等，as引导导的从句可 在主句前、也可在主句后，且有“正如”之意。虽虽然which 也有此用法，但它引导导的定语语从句位于主句后。 (3)as常用于以下固定搭配中： as is often the case (这这 是常有的事); as we expected (不出所料); as often happens (正如经经常发发生的那样样); as is known to all (众所周知); as has been said before (如上所述); as is mentioned above (正 如上面所提到的)。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟迟到了，这这是常有的事。 As is known to all, Diaoyu Islands belong to China. 众所周知，钓鱼岛钓鱼岛 属于中国。 .把下列每组题组题 中的两个简单简单 句合并为为一个含有定语语从 句的复合句 1Ive always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then. _ _ 2I have a friend. Her father is an engineer. _ Ive always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent. I have a friend whose father is an engineer. 3They planted the trees. The trees didnt need much water. _ _ 4They will fly to Beijing. They plan to stay in Beijing for two or three days. _ _ 5They sent the elderly some fruits, cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them. The elderly always feel lonely. _ _ They planted the trees that/which didn need much water. They will fly to Beijing, where they plan to stay for two or three days. They sent the elderly who always feel lonely some fruits, cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them. .高考作文单单句翻译译(用定语语从句) 1(2012江苏书苏书 面表达)为为了避免这样这样 的冲突，我们应该们应该 彼 此友好，这对这对 享受和谐谐生活是极其重要的。(which) _ _ 2(2012湖北短文写作)正如我们们所知，书书籍是知识识的源泉。 (as) _ To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life. As we know, books are the source of knowledge. 3(2012安徽书书面表达)最后但也是最重要的，物理老师师 是我的典范，他/她对对我的影响与我的决定有很大关系。 (whose) _ _ 4(2012辽辽宁书书面表达)甚至过过去不喜欢欢英语语的学生，结结 果他们们也对对英语语感兴兴趣了。(who) _ _ Las but not least, my physics teacher is my role model, whose influence on me had a lot to do with my decision. Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject. 5(2012新课标课标 全国卷书书面表达)我看到过过你在网上张贴张贴 的 夏令营营通知，我对对此很感兴兴趣。(that) _ _ 6她在北大上的大学，然后又出国深造。(介词词关系代 词词) _ _ I read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. She was educated at Beijing University, after which she went to have her advanced study abroad. .根据汉语汉语 提示完成短文 请请按以下内容要点写一篇有关你的同学Kate的英语语短文 ，尽可能多地使用定语语从句。 1我有一个同学叫Kate，她的妈妈妈妈 是我以前的英语语老 师师； 2Kate是一个容易相处处的人，我们们都喜欢欢她； 3Kate在此次口语竞赛语竞赛 中获获得第一名，这这使得她妈妈妈妈 很高兴兴； 4新年就要到了，到时时Kate会和她妈妈妈妈 一起去香港； 5众所周知，香港是一个购购物天堂，Kate打算在那里 买买她需要的东东西。 参考范文： _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I have a classmate called Kate, whose mother is my former English teacher. Kate is a girl who is easy to get along with and we all like her. Kate took the first place in the Speech Contest, which makes her mother happy. The New Year is coming, when Kate will go to Hong Kong together with her mother. As we all know, Hong Kong is a shopping paradise, where Kate intends to buy what she needs. 第六周 名词词性从句的写作 名词词性从句是重要的语语法项项目之一，也是写作中常 用的高级级表达之一。它包括主语语从句、宾语宾语 从句、表语语 从句和同位语语从句。 一、名词词性从句的关联词联词 了解并正确使用关联词联词 是写好名词词性从句的关键键。 引导导名词词性从句的关联词联词 的分类类、词义词义 和用法见见下表： 类别类别词义词义在从句中的作用 连连接词词that 无任何 词义词义 仅仅起连连接作用，不作成分 连连接词词whether, if是否起连连接作用，不作成分 连连接代词词what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自 含义义 引导导从句，并在从句中充 当主语语、表语语、宾语宾语 、定 语语 连连接副词词how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever 有各自 含义义 引导导从句，在从句中作状 语语 That he didnt pass the examination disappointed his mother. 他没有通过过考试试令他的妈妈妈妈 很失望。(主语语从句， that没有意义义，在从句中不充当任何成分) The question is who will be elected president of the country. 问题问题 是谁谁会被选举为该选举为该 国的总统总统 。(表语语从句，who 意为为“谁谁”，在从句中作主语语) You can give it to whomever you like. 你可以把它送给给你喜欢欢的任何人。(宾语宾语 从句， whomever意为为“任何人，无论谁论谁 ”，在从句中作宾语宾语 ) I cant remember where I have read this article. 我不记记得在哪儿读读到过这过这 篇文章。(宾语宾语 从句，where意 为为“哪里”，在从句中作状语语) The idea that science can be used for good as well as for bad is to some extent dangerous. 科学的运用有有利的方面也有不利的方面，这这种想法从 某种程度上说说是危险险的。(同位语语从句，that没有意义义，在从 句中不充当任何成分) 二、it作形式主语语或形式宾语宾语 的高级级句型 1it作形式主语语的常用句型 (1)It系动词动词 形容词词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/I mportant/certain等)that从句 (2)Itbe名词词(短语语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句 (3)Itbe过过去分词词(said/told/reported/decided等)that从句 (4)It特殊动词动词 (seems, appears, happens, matters)that从句 (5)It doesnt matter who/whether/if等从句 It is necessary that you inform him of the date of the meeting at once. 你立即通知他开会时间时间 是必要的。(it是形式主语语，that 从句是真正的主语语) It is said that he used to be a manager of a big company. 据说说他曾经经是大公司的经经理。(it是形式主语语，that从句 是真正的主语语) It doesnt matter whether he comes to my party or not. 他来不来参加我的聚会无关紧紧要。(it是形式主语语， whether引导导的从句