英语四、六级选词填空技巧.doc

选词填空题答题技巧一何为选词填空(Banked cloze) 作为深入阅读的第一道题，选词部分要求考生从十五个单词中选出十个，填在一篇250字的短文的十个空格中，使短文意思完整。由于深入阅读部分总共只有25分钟而完成后面的两篇阅读理解至少需要20分钟，所以考生必须在5分钟之内把这道选词填空题做完。做选词填空，关键是在保证正确率的前提下提高速度。选词填空特点： 1. 近义词辨析不多， 2. 固定搭配不多 3. 词性辨析比较容易 4. 题目设计的原则是首句不设空，一句话中不设两空，设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文。选词填空难点：1. 词性可能会变。2. 错一题，可能会错两题。 （注：实际上，15个单词当中真正能成为答案的也只有10个，而这10个当中又有绝大多数的都属于基本词汇的范畴。所以与其冥思苦想执着于若干难词、长词，还不如把注意力集中到自己熟悉的简单词上来，重点突破，效率更高。）二设题原则 1.设题原则是首句不设空，而且通常情况下此句是总体句，弄清此句有利于学生理解全文。一句话中不设两空，设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文。2. 选项特点: 10个空格考察的全部是实词，词性分配的基本比例是3个名词正确答案+3个动词正确答案+3个形容词正确答案+1个副词正确答案。选项中动词时态与文章时态一致。三解题步骤 (可计划用时5分钟或7分钟)第一步：通读全文（Read through 0.5/1分钟)，注意通读和略读。通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90%的文章内容做到心中有数。主要关注文章涉及什么事，在什么地方，有什么原因，有什么人，导致什么结果。而略读是只挑首尾句和连接词，跳着读，结果只了解10%的内容。和完型不同，选词填空后面的选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还有5个干扰项，切不可先看选, 乱了脑子，自食先入为主的恶果。一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。所以，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意gap 前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。（注：通读要居高临下，花5秒钟把短文各个自然段的段首扫一遍。这样就能一眼就能看出短文的主要内容，心里有了底，再读文章就轻松多了。短文的第一句是不允许出题的，它对全文起概括、提示的作用。所以，一定要认真看懂第一句。反复出现的词将是帮助我们掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。）第二步：整理选项（Classify the options 1分钟）这一步，公认的做法是先标出15个选项的词性 (parts of speech)，名词前写n， 动词前写v等等。目前四级考试只考实词 （notional words）中的四种：名词， 动词，形容词，副词。不考代词和数词；也不考虚词（冠词art., 介词prep., 连词conj., 感叹词interj.）。（注：四种实词中，考的最少的是副词adv, 不超过两个空。剩下的三种平均每次有三 道题。根据真题，动词一直是考三个。另外三种词性，有两个的，也有四个的。）（注：标注词性时注意的问题： 1. 不认识的单词看词缀 2. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性, 做名词和做动词都很常见，没有上下文不好判断，比如：有的词display, concern, challenge做名词和做动词都很常见.这时两个都要标出来，先标你脑子里第一个出现的词性。3. 动词归类要细分为v，v-ed, v-ing。因为一个空可以 填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是-ing形式要自己根据语法判断。4. 以-ing, -ed 结尾的词也可能是分词转变而来的形容词， 如holding做动词：Shes holding her mothers hand. 做形容词： holding company (控股公司)； 再如acquired, 做动词：academic skills he acquired. 做形容词：a newly acquired jacket (新买的夹克)。不过新四级考试中的选词填空还没有到考到分词作形容词的难度，所以碰到这种情况，一律看成是动词。）第三步：选词填空 （Fill in the gaps 4分钟)， 调动语法知识，先确定单词的词性，再去后面的list 中找同一词类的选项，挑出正确答。（注1：词性要标在选项的前面，也就是A， B， C的前面，方便对照。也可以在标完词性之后，把同一词性的词用线连起来，候会找得快一点。）（注2：解题须知固定搭配：在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多， 诸如，我们所说的idoms等。但是，对固定搭配的另外一种理解很常见，比如：汉语说“学知识”，而英语不说“learn knowledge”, 而是“acquire knowledge”）第四步：回顾检查 （Review 0.5/1分钟）速度要快，将答案带入全文，再次通读全文，看所选的答案是否能使全文通畅，情节、推理等是否符合逻辑。若碰到不通之处，应该从句子结构和文章整体意义两个角度来权衡。对于个别仍然拿不准的答案，应该相信自己的语感，坚持第一次的选择。当然，所谓的语感也需要建立在自己平时多读、多听、多看、多练习的基础之上。要善于利用文中信息，瞻前顾后，放眼全篇。 四记背选词填空选项的重点范围： 1. 历年曾经考过的复合式听写的单词2. 历年曾经考过的完形填空的选项，仔细阅读态度题的选项 3. 历年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇五利用篇章确定词义范围与色彩 ：句间逻辑关系包括： 1. 并列关系,通常由 and, or, as well as,等表示 2. 对比关系,通常由 but, however, on the contrary, by contrast, rather than,等表示 3. 比较关系,通常由 asas, like, similar, parallel 等表示 4. 因果关系,通常由 because, for, as, since, as a result of, so that, therefore, thus, hence, consequently 等表示 5. 举例关系,通常由 for example, for instance, like, such as, and so on, that is,等表示 6. 补充递进关系,通常由 and, furthermore, what is more, moreover, in addition 等表示六词缀附表indirect inedible immoral impatient illegal illogical irreligious irrelevant unable uncommon dislike disable disagree disappear reuse review reborn misuse misguide transplant translate transship microphone microscope microwave overcoat overconfident overload 以ion, age, ness, ty, ship, ace, ance, ancy, ence, ency, dom, itude, um, mony 结尾的大都是名词；以ize, ise, fy结尾的大都是动词；以ive, ent, ant, ful, ous, able, ary, ic, cal, less结尾的是大都是形容词；以ly, s, ways, wise 结尾的大都是副词。1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor ,actress, democrat,2)-acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示等级，领域，状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示情况，性质，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)， 17-grapy, 表示学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) ? 2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意 accomplish, vanish) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike 5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6)-some, troublesome, handsome 7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9)-ent, violent 10)-most, foremost, topmost (11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless 3. 动词后缀 1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化 “modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate 4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly：badbadly坏地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地 -wise：clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)：likelikewise同样地-wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方附：Examble:Section A : Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. With the worlds population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers. businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this 47_ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48_ . sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nations energy security, and will be one of the major 49_of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are 50_ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51_ in the worlds energy supply. But experts say that even when 52_, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the worlds energy needs by 2050.For example, even with 53_ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development 54_ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55_ only about 1% of the market today.Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56_ both traditional and alternative.A)stable B)solutions C)significant D)role E)progress F)marvelous G)included H)growth I)exactly J)consist K)comprise L)competitions M)combined N)challenges O)certainly 分析词性与词形With the worlds population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers. businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this 47_nsing_ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years. Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48_a._ sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nations energy security, and will be one of the major 49_npl_ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are 50_ad_ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51_nsing_ in the wor