高考英语解题指导.ppt

09高考英语解题指导 一、命题特点 、纯语法题逐年减少，语境题逐年增加。 、知识覆盖面广，题目设计灵活多样。 、某些题目选用了往年高考阅读理解题中 的句子，某些出自词典。 （一）补全法 有时为了使语言生动、自然、简洁，经常采 用省略形式。解题时要尽可能把省略部分补 全，这有助于正确地确定答案。 例、The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him _.( ) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 分析：to 的后面省略了ride his bicycle A 二、单项填空的解题指导 (二）简化法 命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入 一个从句、插入语或附加的次要信息，造成主谓隔 离。解题时，如果将题干中的多余部分去掉，题干 就会变得很简单，答案就可以迅速找到。 例 1、John plays football _,if not better than David. ( ) A. as well B. as well as C. so well as D. so well 分析: 改题考查副词的同等比较,这一语法现象实际并 不难,但题干中加入了省略形式的插入语(if not better than)后,则加大了迷惑性.如果把插入语去掉,简化为 John plays football _ David. 此时答案就一目 了然. B 例2. E-mail ,as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. ( ) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 分析: as well as telephones 是附加信息 A 例 3.The person we spoke to _ no answer at first. ( ) A.make B. making C. makes D. made 分析: we spoke to 是一个定语从句,将其去掉后 会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词. D 例. Who do you think _ us a talk this afternoon ? ( ) A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving 分析:do you think 是一个插入语 C 例 .The days we looked forward to _at last. ( ) A. comes B. to come C. came D. coming 分析: 本题很容易被误认为是一个介词to后面要 接动名词。实际上 we looked forward to 是一个 定语从句,介词to 已有其相应的宾语,是省略了的 引导词，将从句去掉就可看出本题缺少一个谓语. C (三).把握语境法 在一定的语境中进行语法知识和语言知识的考查,是 近年高考英语试题中常见的题目,这就要求考生一定 要以语境为切入点,认真思考,仔细分析,才能确定正确 答案。 例1 - Are you coming to Jeffs party ?( ) - Im not sure , I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 分析：该题考查情态动词在语境中的的运用。 如果脱离了具体的语境，四个选项都正确，但 根据答语 Im not sure 可得出答案。 D 例、Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 分析：根据studied 可确定过去 Robert 在国外学习。 A （四） 找提示词法 对于有些题来说，若找到关键的提示词（ 如but, and ,otherwise 等）就会迎刃而解。 例、They are all very tired ,but _ of them would stop to take a rest. ( ) A. any B. some C. none D. neither 分析：but 表示转折 C 例_ it with me and Ill see what I can do . ( ) A. What left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave D （五）转化法（还原法） 高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单,但命 题者有意把题干复杂化,将其改写成一个少见或陌生 的结构。对于这类题,考生可以反其道而行之,把题干 还原成自己熟悉的结构,题目就变得简单了。 1. 将倒装句改成陈述句. 例1.Whom would you rather have _ with you ? A. to go B. go C. gone D. going 分析:本题测试的知识点是 have sb do sth 改写题干成 陈述句,则应是 You would rather have whom _ with you. B 例2. Never _ time come back again. ( ) A. will lose B. will lost C. lost D. will to lose 分析: 改写成陈述句后其结构为: Lost time will never come back again. B 2. 将陈述句改为倒装句。 我们首次接触时是一个 倒装句,而命题者恰恰有意地使用陈述句来命题,题 目便具有很大的迷惑性。 例1、We had_ left home than it began to rain. ( ) A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly 分析:No soonerthan 是一个大家十分熟悉的句型 改写句型: _ had we left home than it began to rain. A 例2.We had _ arrived at the train station when the train began to move . ( ) A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly hardly when , no sooner than 一 就 B . 改被动句为主动句。 例1、Time should be made good use _ our lessons well. （ ） A. learning B. learned C. of to learn D. to learn 改写句子：We should make good use of time _ our lessons well. C 例2、 The little boy was caught _ in the shop . ( ) A. to steal B. stealing C. steal D. stole 分析：本题考查的知识点是 catch sb doing sth B 、改省略句为一个完整的句子 例1、 How long has this bookshop been in business ? - _ 1982. ( ) A. After B. In C. Since D. From 分析：将答语部分改为一个完整的句子 This bookshop has been in business _ 1982. 什么词能同现在完成时态连用 呢？ C 例2 What made her mother so angry ? ( ) - _ the exam. A. Because she didnt pass B. Her not passing C.She didnt pass D. Because her not passing 分析：将答语部分补全应为： _ the exam made her mother so angry . 可以看出少了一个主语. B （六）逆向思维法 逆向思维是一种创造性的思维，它冲破 了固有的“思维定势”，运用逆向思维，在 目前灵活多变的高考试题中，可收到意想 不到的效果。 例：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as （ ） Information 后常接同位语从句。检查空白后的句子可 以确定它是同位语从句，说明information 的内容。 B Have a try 1. Was it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon ? A. when , on B. that,on C. when ,in D. that ,in 2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it . A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 3. -Why do you want the book so much ? - , sir. A. Studying B. Studied C. Studies D. To study 4. I find records are _ or better than an actual performance. A. as good as B. as good C. so well as D. good as D B D A 5.Was it during the Second World War _he died? A.that B.while C.in which D. then 6.Who will you have _? A. To repair the machine B. repair the machine C.the machine repaired D.repaired the machine 7.It was only then_realize the importance of learning English. A .did he B.could he C.when we could D.that we did 8.These stories were made _his own head. A .out of B.up of C.into D.up out of 9.He had made another discovery,_of importance to science. A .which I think it is B.which I think is C.I think that is D.of which I think is A B D D B 10.Is this school_you visited last week? A.that B.to which C.the one D.where 11.The cave _very dark, he made some candles_light. A .was;give B.was;being given C .being ;to give D.being;give 12.Which is _country, Canada or Australia? A .a large B.large C.a larger D.the larger 13.In my opinion,it is the best use that could be _of the money. A .turned up B.turned out C.spent D.made 14.-Waiter! -_ -I cant eat this. Its too salty. A .Yes ,sir? B.What ? C.All tight? D.Pardon? C D D A C By KevinChen My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling _36_， but I always knew he was _37_. He never criticized us, but used _38_ to bring out our best. Hed say,“If you pour water on flowers, they flourish. If you dont give them water, they die.” 36. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. praise B. courage C. power D. warmth I _39_as a child I said something _40_ about somebody, and father said,“_41_ time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, its a reflection of you.” He explained that I looked for the best _42_ people, I would get the best _43_. 39. A. think B. imagine C. remember D. guess 40. A. unnecessary B. unkind C. unimportant D. unusual 41. A. Another B. Some C. Any D. Other 42. A. on B. in C. at D. about 43. A. in case B. by turns C. by chance D. in return From then on Ive always tried to _44_ the principle in my life and later in running my company 44. A. revise B. set C. review D. follow Dads also always been very _45_. At 15, I started a magazine. It was _46_ a great deal of time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a _47_: stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. 45. A. understanding B. experienced C. serious D. demanding 46. A. taking up B. making up C. picking up D. keeping up 47. A. suggestion B. decision C. notice D. choice I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, _48_ any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said,“Richard, when I was 23, my dad _49_ me to go into law. And Ive _50_ regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, _51_ I didnt purse my _52_. 48. A. and B. as C. even if D. as if 49. A. helped B. allowed C. persuaded D. suggested 50. A. always B. never C. seldom D. almost 51. A. rather B. but C. for D. therefore 52. A. promise B. task C. belief D. dream You know what you want. Go fulfill it.” As _53_ turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a nation _54_ for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad _55_ me. 53. A. this B. he C. it D. that 54. A. newspaper B. magazine C. program D. project 55. A. controlled D. comforted C. reminded D. raised 一一 完形填空考什么？完形填空考什么？ 一一, , 词法及词义辨析 词法及词义辨析 二，固定短语搭配二，固定短语搭配 三，上下文逻辑关系三，上下文逻辑关系 四，文化背景及生活常识四，文化背景及生活常识 (46,47,48,49,52(46,47,48,49,52等）等） （4444等）等） （3636，3737，4040，4343， 4545，4747，5454，5555，等），等） 二二 当前完形填空的特点当前完形填空的特点 突出语篇，强调应用，注重语境突出语篇，强调应用，注重语境 辨析词意，以实词为主辨析词意，以实词为主 题材多为记叙文，叙议结合。第一题材多为记叙文，叙议结合。第一 句不设空句不设空 四四 完形填空的解题思路完形填空的解题思路 总则：总则：在把握整体的基础上对在把握整体的基础上对 句子内部的情况进行分析句子内部的情况进行分析 跳过空格，通读全文，跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意把握大意 再读全文，反复检查再读全文，反复检查 结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案 瞻前顾后，先易后难，瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破个个击破 1.看清上下文，找准定位词 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有 提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义 词。例如：1) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very . A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow 相反，因此答案为A。 五： 完形填空解题技巧 2) Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句 或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是 一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。 2.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系 It has been many years since I was last in London I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示 转折的连词but. 3.通顺逻辑，寻求搭配 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名 词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选 择正确的短语。例如： 1) Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of 表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to 故答案为C 2)And video cameras can be used to peoples actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 句中动作的发出者是video cameras 因此答案是C， 意思是“记录”。 4.扎实基础，理清辨异 Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D 项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则 表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A。 5.了解生活常识，确定相关知识 (Immediately )the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest 在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院 就医，因此答案为D。 要做好“完形填空”，必须紧紧抓住上下文语 境，充分利用上下文语境所提供的线索。上 下文语境包括选择项与所在句子中的语义联 系，所在句与周围句群的关系，所在句在本 段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起 的作用以及与文章主题思想的关系等。有些 选项根据上下文就能比较容易地选出，而有 些则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能做出正确 判断。 解题误区解题误区 做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技 巧外，还应避免几个误区。 1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析 、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。 很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真 分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树 不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。 2、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完 美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法 是由易到难，先做会 Proof Reading 年度 时态 语态 名 词 连 词 冠 词 形容 词或 副词 代 词 非谓 语动 词 介 词 2005（浙）10112121 200020002212 200121211110 200212111111 200321112101 200411011221 合 计95559876 近6年NMET短文改错测试内容 改错类型统计 年度多词缺词错词正确 20051171 20002161 20012161 20022161 20032251 20042161 合计117366 Questions Which types of mistake appear in the proof reading? Can you tell me about that? *顺口溜* 连冠介加形副，七个一致要记住。 Have you remembered it? *顺口溜* 句为单位进行改，连冠缺误搞明白； 形副介词看搭配，七个一致要用对； 整体逻辑前后顾，时态非谓定记住。 主谓一致 、 名词的单复数一致 、代词的指代一致 、 时态语态一致、非谓动词与逻辑主语一致 虚拟语气句中前后一致、行文逻辑关系的一致 考 查 内 容 二.一致性问题： 1）主谓一致 2）名词的单复数一致 3）代词的指代一致 4）时态语态一致 5）非谓动词与逻辑主语一致 6）虚拟语气句中前后一致 7）行文逻辑关系的一致 一.词的用法 1）连词 2）冠词 3）介词 4）形容词和副词 动 词 1.Though it was cold, but he went out without a cap.1_ 2.You cant consider him a honest man. 2_ 3.China Daily is also popular to students of English. 3_ 4.The bad news made us feel sadly. 4_ 5.I hate him as more as you do. 5_ 词 的用法 返回 an 连词、冠词、介词、形容词、副 词 but with sad much 连 冠 介 形 副 每次考试常有 每次考试必有 1.Every means have been tried, but he still failed. 1_ 2.I need some more informations. 2_ 3.If he is you, he would go to Australia. 3_ 4.The police are doing his best to help the homeless. 4_ 5.These books have returned to the library. 5_ 6.So far, he made a living by picking up wastes. 6_ 7.The young man dressing in blue is my brother. 7_ 8.With a boy led the way,they started towards the village. 8_ 一致的问题 返回 dressed were has 9.Her mother asked, “When will you go home for dinner? Your father and I are waiting for you.” 9_ been come leading 语态 虚拟 时态 非谓 逻辑 has information their 主谓 名词 代词 主谓、名词单复数、虚拟语气和逻辑一致常考 指代一致、时态语态一致和非谓语的一致必考 巩固练习 Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit 1_ to American family. They live in a small 2_ town. It was very kind for them to meet me 3_ at the railway station and drove me to their home. 4_ The Smiths did his best to make me feel 5_ at home. They offered me coffee and other 6_ drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing 7_ together. They were eagerly to know everything 8_ about China but asked me lots of questions. In fact,9_ they are planning to come to China next year. 10_ 返回 time an of drive their had eager and go 名 冠 介 非谓 代 时态 形副 连 逻辑 Dear Mother, Groupwork Please make up a proof reading passage of your own according to the way you have learned. There must be one missing(缺词） ，one or two unwanted(多余),five or six false(错词) at least and a right one. *顺口溜* 句为单位进行改，连冠缺误搞明白； 形副介词看搭配，七个一致要用对； 整体逻辑前后顾，时态非谓定记住。 主谓一致 、 名词的单复数一致 、代词的指代一致 、 时态语态一致、非谓动词与逻辑主语一致 虚拟语气句中前后一致、行文逻辑关系的一致 2005(浙江） At first I was not quite