形容词副词的用法及位置.docx

考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词和不定代词的词叫形容词。1. 作定语放在名词前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.I have something important to tell you.2. 做表语放在系动词之后。She is so beautiful.He looks very happy.3. 作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。如：You must keep the classroom cleaned.We should make our city more beautiful.二、常见名词变形容词方法名词构成方法意义举例表示天气的名词-y充满的多的windwindyrainrainy表示方位的名词-ern方位的朝方的westwesterneasteastern表示称谓的名词-ly般的friendfriendly表示时间的名词-ly每的weekweeklymonthmonthly表示物质的名词-en材质的woodwoodengoldgolden表抽象意义的名词-ful-y-less的的无的useusefulluckluckyhopehopeless表示大洲与国家的名词-n的人的AsiaAsianAustraliaAustralian三、副词的功能1. 作状语He works hard.He parked car very easily.2. 作表语做表语的副词多数是表示位置或状态的，入in, out, on, down, up, off, away, upstairs.He is in.Whats on this evening?3. 作宾语补足语Let them in.四、副词的分类1. 时间副词时间副词要有now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, soon, lately, already, just等。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。2. 地点副词地点副词有outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in , back, off, up, anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时，不加介词。3. 方式副词方式副词有quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，badly，easily，fast等。方式副词大多由“形容词+ly”构成。4. 程度副词程度副词有very，quite，rather，too，much，so等。有些程度副词可以修饰形容词、副词的原级，有些能修饰形容词、副词的比较级。5. 疑问副词疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。6. 关系副词关系副词有when，where，why。关系副词常用来引导定语从句。7. 频度副词频度副词有often，usually，never等。考点二 形容词(副词)的比较等级一、形容词(副词)原级的用法1、一些副词如very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰形容词或副词的原级。如；The boy is too young.2、表示A与B在某方面程度相同或者不同时用形容词(副词)的原级。（1）肯定句中的结构：“A+as+形容词(副词)的原级 + as + B” English is as interesting as Chinese. Li Lei runs as fast as Li Hua.（2）否定句中的结构：“A+ not + as/so + 形容词(副词)原级 + as + B” This book isnt so new as that one. I cant type as/so fast as my brother.（3）否定句的结构中，部分双音节和多音节形容词(副词)除使用“notas/so+ 形容词(副词)原级+ as”的结构外，还可以使用“less+形容词(副词)原级+than”的结构 He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.（4）表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A+ 倍数 + as + 形容词(副词)原级+ as + B”结构。（一倍：once，两倍：twice，三倍及以上：基数词+times） Our school is three times as big as theirs.（5）half as + 形容词(副词)原级 + as 表示“是的一半” Her room is half as big as yours.二、形容词比较级的用法（副词比较级的用法与形容词基本相同）（一）形容词比较等级的构成1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er，-estlongtalllongertallerlongesttallest以不发音的e结尾时加-r,-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾时，把y改i再加-er,-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more，mostcarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautifulmost carefulmost beautiful2. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbadworseworstfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest（二）形容词比较级的用法：1. 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。如： Lilys room is bigger than mine.注意：为了避免重复，常用the one, that, those 等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中the one代替可数名词单数形式， the ones代替可数名词复数形式， that 代替单数名词或不可数名词。如： the weather of Shenyang is colder than that of Shanghai.2.有表示程度的副词，a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far等修饰形容词时，该形容词可以用比较级。如：its much colder than yesterday.3. 表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“which/who+be+形容词比较级，A or B?” 表示。Who is taller, Tom or Jack?4. 表示倍数时，用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如：Your room is three times bigger than mine.5. 表示“两者之间比较的一个（of the two）”时，常用“the+比较级” 结构。Mary is the taller of the twins.6. 表示“越来越” 用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时，用“more and more+形容词比较级”。Its getting colder and colder in winter7. 表示“越越”时， 用“the+比较级， the+ 比较级”结构。The more，the better.三、形容词最高级的用法（副词最高级的用法与形容词基本相同）1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in或of短语来表示范围。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“which/who+ be +the +形容词最高级，A,B or C?”结构。Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?3. 表示“最的之一”时， 用 “one of the+ 形容词最高级+可数名词复数” 结构。 Jay Chou is one of the most famous singers.4. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”The yellow river is one of the second longest river in China.5. 形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰，此时不能再用定冠词。This is our best lesson today。 考点三 形容词和副词词义辨析一、 -ing形容词和-ed 形容词。-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the eresting有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.he is interested in science.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news?we are excited about the travelling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快/满意的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with our performance.frightening令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的Its a long tiring day.Im too tired.fascinating迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.特点：表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物特点：表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb. + be + -ed形容词 + 介词”结构We are all interested in the interesting story.二、几组易混副词（短语）1. how long, how soon, how often 和 how far意义及用法说明例句how long多久，多长时间，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点”回答How long have you been in China?For three months.how soon多快，多久以后，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in + 时间段”回答How soon will he come back?In five minutes.how often多久时间一次，对频率提问，常用once/twice/three times a week 等回答How often do you visit your grandparents?Once a week.how far多远，对距离提问How far is it from your home to your school?About two kolometers.2.hard 和 hardly意义及用法说明例句hard努力地，大量地，猛烈地Its raining hard.hardly几乎不，是否定副词I can hardly understand his words.3.much too 和 too much意义及用法说明例句much too非常，极其，太，中心词是too much修饰too，以加强语气，much too修饰形容词或副词原级The car is much too expensivetoo much太多，中心词是much too修饰much，以加强语气