《宾语从句语法》PPT课件.ppt

复合句由主句和从句构成，通过引导词来连接主 句跟从句。从句作什么成分就叫什么从句。从句在复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。,1.“It is sunny today”. Tom says.,Tom says that it is sunny today.,2. “Is it sunny toady?” Tom asks.,Tom asks if sunny today.,weather,3. “Whats the weather like today?” Tom asks.,Tom asks what like today.,it is,the weather is,1.“ The class begins at eight”. Tina says.,2. “Does the class begin at eight?” Tina asks.,3. “When does the class begin?” Tina asks.,Tina says that the class begins at eight.,Tina asks if the class begins at eight.,Tina asks when the class begins.,Tom wonders what the weather is like today?,Tom wonders what the weather was like yesterday?,Tom wonders what the weather will be like tomorrow?,主句为一般现在时，从句可以根据表达需要用任意的时态。,3.He wonders if/whether Tom will go to Beijing tomorrow.,He wondered if/whether Tom go to Beijing tomorrow.,would,2.Are the children playing games? I wanted to know.,I wanted to know if/whether the children were playing games.,1.I wanted to know. Where is the nearest post office.,I wanted to know where the nearest post office was.,主句为一般过去时，从句要用过去的某种时态。,He said that light faster than sound.,travels,当主句的谓语是过去时，但从句如果是客观真理或客观事实时，用一般现在时不变。,常用的几个真理： The earth travels around the sun . 地球绕着太阳转。 The sun rises in the east . 太阳从东边升起。 Light travels faster than sound . 光的速度比声音的快。,宾语从句总结,含义：一个句子充当宾语 that:无实意(原句是陈述句) if/whether:是否(原句是一般疑问句) 特殊疑问词(原句是特殊疑问句) 语序：陈述句语序 1.主句 一般现在时 从句任意时态 2.主句一般过去时 从句过去时态 3.宾语从句表示客观事实用一般过去时， 不受主句时态影响。,宾语从句,引导词,时态,1.I want to know . A. when we should arrive there B. when should we arrive there C. when will we arrive there D.when did we arrive 2. Our teacher said the earth (go) around the sun. 3. She told us she (not watch) TV on weekends . 4. We all knew they (can) play the piano well . 5. She said she (watch) TV at 5 oclock yesterday .,1.They didnt think there a snake in the room . A.be B. was C. has D. had 2. Excuse me , could you tell me for Taiwan ? The day after tomorrow . A. when did you leave B. when you are leaving C. when are you leaving 3. I asked you where _ go . A. we will B.will we C. we would D. would we 4.Our physics teacher asked . A.if is everyone here B. if everyone is here C. if everyone was here D. if was everyone here,5. Do you know the man under the tree ? I dont know . A.how is he B. what is he C. who he is 6.The teacher said she (take) us to the park the next day . 7. Toms father said they (go) on a vacation next week .,一把原来的两个简单句合并为一个包含宾语从句的复合句时要注意： 当原句句是陈述句时，引导词是that, 可省略无意义；当原句是一般疑问句时,引导词为if或whether，不可省，是“是否”的意思； 当原句是特殊疑问句时，引导词是特殊疑问词，不可省，意思即疑问词本身的意思。 二if 有两个意思，一个是“是否”，一个是“如果”。当if 在want, know, wonder, tell, ask等实意动词后面时意思是“是否”，这时if是一个宾语从句的引导词，if后面的宾语从句要根据时间状语或语境选择时态；当if放在句首时，意思是“如果”，这时if 引导的是条件状语从句，后面的从句用一般现在时。 三. 含有宾从的符合句转换成简单句，使用“动词+疑问词+to do ”结构。例如： She wanted to know how they would go there . She wanted to know there .,四. 宾语从句的引导词if和whether通常可以互换，但以下情况只能用whether,不能用if: 1.在介词后面。如：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film. 2.与or not 连用时。I cant say whether or not they can come on time. 3.和动词不定式连用时。I dont know whehter to see my doctor today. 五.陈述语序：当从句是陈述句时，语序不变；当从句是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时，要把原来的疑问语序变为陈述语序（do类助动词的先去掉，然后将动词变为跟助动词一致的形式；其他类助动词跟主语交换位置。）,六.宾语从句的时态 （1）主句的谓语动词为一般现在时时，从句的谓语动词根据时间状语或实际语境选择任意时态；如： I know that he lived here ten days ago. I know that he will live here tomorrow. I know he has been to Beijing before. （ 2）当主句的谓语时态是过去时时，从句谓语要变为相应的过去时. 如：The teacher told us they would go to the movies this evening. (3)从句时态不受主句的限制：当主句的谓语是过去时，但从句如果是客观真理或客观事实时，用一般现在时不变。常用的几个真理： The earth travels around the sun . 地球绕着太阳转。 The sun rises in the east . 太阳从东边升起。 Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的快。,七.感叹句是表示惊奇,惊讶等强烈情感的句子，句末用感叹号，引导词有what，how. What的三种句式： 1. What +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！如：What an interesting story it is! 2.What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！ 如：What good books they are! 3. What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ 如：What bad weather it is! How的两种句式： 1.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ 如：How clever she is! How heavily it is raining! 2.How +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ 如：How interesting a story it is!(=What an interesting story it is!),1. _ bad news it was! A. What a B.How a C. What D.How 2.Did you watch this TV show? Yes. _ interesting it was! A.How B. What C. What a 3. Look! _ tall buildings they are! A. What B.How C. How a D. What a 4. They are