小学生英语语法：名词.ppt

名 词,noun,本章节内容,一.名词定义,二.名词分类,三.单复数变化,四.名词所有格,五.习题集,一. 名词的定义,名词(n)：noun 表示人、动物、物品、地点以及抽象概念的词。即所有东西的名字都是名词。,名 词,专有名词,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,单数形式,复数形式,二.名词的分类,表示特定的人或事物的名称，首个字母要大写，前面一般不加冠词,所有人的名字； 大洲、大洋、江河的名称； 国家、城市和地名； 建筑物和街道的名字； 月份、星期和节日的名称； 团体、机构、组织的名称。,（一）专用名词,不属于特定的人、事物名称的词，包括我们平时吃的、喝的东西，动物的名称，物质的名称以及一些抽象概念等。,可数名词：可以一个一个地数的名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 2.不可数名词： 不能够一个一个地数出来的名词。,（二）普通名词,1一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s” 如：mapmaps， bagbags book-books， hat-hats， pencil-pencils， girl-girls,三. 名词的单复数变换,（一）名词的单数形式一般在名词前面加上“a”或“an”，表示“一个”。 如：a book， an orange,（二）名词单复数的规则变换：,2以s， sh， ch， x等结尾的词加“es” 如：busbuses watchwatches beach-beaches brush-brushes box-boxes class-classes glass-glasses lunchlunches,3以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，变y为i加es 如：babybabies city-cities， family-families country-countries 以元音字母 y结尾的词变复数时，直接加s 如：monkeymonkeys day days， play plays， boy boys， toy toys,4以o 结尾的名词变复数时： 1）以“辅音字母+o” 结尾的名词，加es 如： tomatotomatoes（西红柿） potatopotatoes （土豆） hero-heroes （英雄） Negronegroes（黑人）,2) 以“元音字母+o” 结尾的名词，加-s 如： radioradios zoozoos kangarookangaroos 注意例外情况： photophotos pianopianos,5. 以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时， 先把f或fe变为v，再加es。 如：wife-wives， leaf-leaves halfhalves knife-knives thief-thieves shelfshelves 注意例外情况： gulfgulfs roof-roofs chief-chiefs,（三）名词单复数的不规则变化：,有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s, 而是变换其中的字母， 如：man-men woman-women policeman-policemen Englishman-Englishmen foot-feet， toothteeth 在词尾加“en”或“ren” child-children ox-oxen(公牛) mousemice老鼠,2. 表示某国人，通常在单数后面加s。 但是中日友好不变化，英法联军a 变e 如：Chinese（中国人） Japanese（日本人） EnglishmanEnglishmen（英国人） FranchFrench（法国人）,3.单复数同形,fish fish sheep sheep cattle cattle deer deer,4. 除人民币元、角、外，美元、 英镑、欧 元等都有复数形式。,例词: a dollar two dollars one pound two pounds,四. 名词的所有格,名词的表示所属关系的形式叫做名词所有格，意思为“的”。,例如：Damings mother is a hotel manager. 其中Damings “大明的”，为名词所有格,1）单数名词一般直接加 s 例：_hat looks like a cat. (Lucy) 2）不以 s 结尾的复数名词加 s 例： This shop sells _(child) toys. 3）以 s / es 结尾的复数名词加 例： They are the _ (twin) desks.,Lucys,twins,childrens,（一）表示有生命的名词所有格在名词后面加 s 。 其变换规律如下：,（二）表示无生命的名词所有格 用 “of” 例： 1）the door of the classroom （教室的门） 2）the top of the hill （山顶）,4）表示两个或两个以上的人共同所有的事物时,只在最后一个名词上加 s 例： He is _father. (Kate and Jim) 5）表示两个或两个以上的人各自所有的事物时,每个名词后都加 s,后面的名词用复数 例：_ mothers are in the same factory. (Kate and Jim),Kate and Jims,Kates and Jims,1 选出下列名词复数形式的正确拼写： 1）deer A. deers B. deer 2）child A. children B. childs 3）toy A. toys B. toies 4）match A. matches B. matchs 5）leaf A. leafs B. leaves 6）American A. Americans B. American 7）city A. citys B. cities 8）mouth A. mouths B. mouthes 9）man doctorA. men doctors B. men doctor 10）baby dog A. babies dog B. baby dogs 答案： 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4._ 5. _ 6. _ _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _,名词的单复数练习,2、写出下列名词的复数形式 broom car tree _ horse_ bus_ fox _ branch _ class _ baby _ family _ country _ radio photo _ piano _ knife leaf_ life _ thief _ man _ woman _ child _ foot _ woman teacher _ apple tree _ step son _,brooms,cars,trees,horses,buses,foxes,branches,classes,babies,apple trees,feet,leaves,photos,families,step sons,women teachers,children,women,lives,pianos,countries,radios,knives,thieves,men,orange class text monkey _ piano child shelf sheep _ country family toy foot _ Japanese radio photo army _ tomato fox woman_ _ knife_ mice thanks geese book _ hair _ meat _ boy _ flower _ baby _ zoo _ watch _ people _,oranges,classes,texts,monkeys,pianos,foxes,shelves,sheep,countries,books,feet,tomatoes,photos,families,babies,hair,children,women,flowers,armies,toys,radios,knives,goose,meat,Japanese,mouse,thank,boys,people,watches,zoos,3. 选择填空 1） There _ on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2） This kind of car _ made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3） There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German D.Japanese, Germans 4） Thats _ art book. A. an B. a C. the D.are,B,A,D,A,5）The boys have got _ already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6）The old man wants _. A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7）There _ some _ in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 8）There _ two _ in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches,C,A,D,B,9） We should clean _ twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10）The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers 11） In Britain _ are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 12）Are these _cars? No, they are buses. A. a B.an C./ D.the 13）Six _ are in the sixth _ . A. pen,box B.pens,box C .pens,boxs D.pens,boxes,D,C,A,C,B,14）There two apples on the table. A. are B. is C. am D. / 15）Are these your bikes? Yes, . A.these are B.they are C.those are D.theyre 16）They are pencils. A./ B. an C. a D. this 17）How much do you have at home? A. rice B. banana C. apple D. pear 18）I can see in the box. A.a bread B.some bread C.some breads D.any bread 19）A bottle of orange on the table. A. is B. are C. puts D. put,A,B,A,B,A,A,20） Look! Some meat in the box. Some pears in the basket. A. is,is B. are,are C. is,are D.are,is 21） How many would you like? A. orange B. bottle of orange. C. bottles of orange. D a bottle of orange. 22） Are these ? A. banana tree B. banana trees C. bananas tree D. bananas trees 23） books are there under the desk? A. How much B. What C. How many D.How 24） I want to buy . A. a shoes B.a pair of shoes C. a pair shoe D.pair of shoe,C,C,B,C,B,25） The are running on the . A.deer,grasses B.deers,grass C deer,grass 26） How many do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 27） They are . A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 28） Would you like . Please ? A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters 29） There are some in these . A. knifes,pencil-boxes B.knives,pencils-box C. knives,pencil-boxes D.knives,pencils-boxes,C,B,C,B,B,30） There is no in the plate. A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 31） I was so hungry and ate two . A.bowls of noodle B.bowls of noodles C.bowl of noodles 32） I like to eat cake with . A. cherries B. cherry C. cherrys 33） and are not friends. A. Foxs,wolfs B. Foxes,wolfs C. Foxes,wolves,C,C,A,B,4、填入所给名词的正确形式,1）I have two (knife). 2）There are many here.(box) 3）There are many on the road.(bus) 4）A few are drewing on the wall.(boy) 5）The are playing football now.(child),knives,boxes,buses,boys,children,1.选择填空 1）Is this _ book ? A. Lilei B. Lileis C. lileis 2）The _ Park will open next week. A. Childrens B. Childrens C. Children D. Childrens 3）This is room . （莉莉和露西的房间） 4）They are rooms .（莉莉和露西的房间）,B,A,名词所有格练习,Lily and Lucys,Lilys and Lucys,5）Is this _ book ? A. Lilei B. Lileis C. lileis 6）This is _ car. A. Smith B. Smiths C. Smiths 7）There ar