英语中的修辞手法.ppt

Common rhetorical devices in English.,（英语中常见的修辞手法）,组长 李正 组员 陈志鑫 赵宇飞 张溢鹏 黄昌祥,1夸张（hyperbole）,Hyperbole comes from the Greek, meaning exceed (over), is a deliberately speak in superlatives (overstatement) rhetoric or exaggerate; its characteristic is to express the object in a exaggerated perverse or illogical description, in order to achieve strong rhetorical effect （Hyperbole源于希腊语，意思是exceed (超过)，是一种故意夸大其词(overstatement)或言过其实的修辞手法；其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写，以达到强烈的修辞效果。）,试比较以下两种说法： 1) Yes, many times.(很多遍了。) 2) Yes, a thousand times.(无数次了。) 很明显，第一种回答方式不如第二种生动，因为a thousand times(无数次)使用了Hyperbole(夸张)的修辞手法。 如：a river of tears (泪河)、a mountain of coal (煤山)、oceans of people (人海)。,2讽刺（irony）,Irony（反语）就是说反话，来自希腊语，意思是dissimulation（掩饰），是一种通过正话反说或反话正说来取得讽刺、幽默效果的修辞手法。由于Irony（反语）修辞手法的特殊性，在听力中除了上下文的提示之外，一般要用一定的语气、语调来帮助实现反语的效果。,Irony (irony) is ironic, comes from the Greek, meaning dissimulation (hide), is a litotes or irony is that rhetoric to achieve ironic, humorous effects. Because Irony (ironic) special rhetorical skills in listening, in addition to contextual clues, generally with a certain tone, intonation to help achieve the irony effect,例如： 1）You are a big help！(你可真够“帮忙”啊！) 2）You are telling stories！（你讲的“真动听”啊！）,3委婉（Euphemism）,英语Euphemism（委婉）一词来源于希腊语，意思是good speech（吉利话），即使用比较文雅、悦耳或委婉的说法来代替粗野或直白的说法。,English Euphemism (euphemism) comes from the Greek word, meaning good speech (lucky), using the relatively gentle, sweet or euphemism to replace rough or straightforward saying,试比较以下两种表达方式： 1）I feel sick today.（我今天生病了。） 2）I feel under the weather today. (他今天身体不舒服。) 很明显，第二种表达方式比第一种更加委婉。,4平行（Parallelism）,The specific method is the same or similar structure, meaning, or both components of language tone consistent parallel together, so as to achieve neat structure, rhythm clear, strengthen the tone effect, in other words, it is through language in the form of beauty to the language of the content is more beautiful expressed better,（具体方法是将结构相同或类似、意义相关或并重、语气也前后一致的语言成分平行并列在一起，从而达到结构整齐、节奏鲜明、加强语气的效果，换句话讲，就是通过语言的形式美来把语言的内容更美更好地表现出来）,1单词平行 1）I prefer non-fiction: History, social commentary, and stuff like that. (我更喜欢非小说类作品：历史、社会评论等诸如此类的。) 2短语平行 1）We can gain knowledge, by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice.（求知门径很多，或阅读，或回忆，或观察，或实践。）,5明喻（Simile）,（Simile(明喻)一词源于拉丁语，意为like(像)。借助人们的想象力，使用一定的比喻词如：like, as等加以连接，从而清楚地表明两种事物之间的相似之处，使得表达更加新鲜有趣。其典型形式是A is like B） Simile (clear) comes from the Latin, meaning like (like). With peoples imagination, the use of some figurative words such as: like, as to be connected, which clearly show the similarities between the two things, makes the expression more interesting. Its typical form is A is like B,试比较以下两种表达方式： 1) He spent a lot of money. (他花了大笔的钱。) 2) He spent a lot of money, like water. (他花钱如流水。) 很明显，第二种表达方式比第一种更加生动和形象。因为like water(如流水)使用了Simile(明喻)的修辞手法,6提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法,The main characteristics of local representative of the whole, or in part or in whole metaphor, abstraction generation of specific, or to a specific Abstract 主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象,。例如： 1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。 句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”（巨大的牺牲） 2、“.saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,.” 他说这是世界上最美的语言。 这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”。 Keelboats,.carried the first major commerce,7拟人（personification）,This kind of rhetoric method is to put human characteristics, characteristics on the external things, make it personal, personified things, in order to reach each other, become 这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。,1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer. From“ Watching Ants”) 一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。 这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育,8借代（metonymy）,Metonymy refers to two different things are not similar, but also inseparable, which use the name of one thing for another 借代是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。,1、Several years later, word came that Napoleon himsel