2019年高考英语一轮复习专题02Workingtheland（教学案）新人教版.docx

专题02 Working the land【高频单词】1expand (vt.&vi.) 使变大；伸展expansion (n.) 扩张；扩展2reduce (vt.) 减少；减缩reduction (n.) 减少；缩小3skim (vt.) 浏览；略读skimmed (过去式/过去分词)4underline (vt.) 画底线标出；强调5struggle (vi.&n.) 斗争；拼搏；努力6output (n.) 产量；输出input (n.) 投入；输入7therefore (adv.) 因此；所以；因而8regret (vt.) 遗憾；惋惜 (n.) 遗憾；懊悔regretted (过去式/过去分词)regretful (adj.) 后悔的；失望的；遗憾的9focus (n.) 焦点；中心点 (vt.) 集中；聚焦10comment (n.) 评论；议论 (vi.&vt.) 表达意见；作出评论11circulate (vt.&vi.) 循环；流传circulation (n.) 循环12export (vt.&vi.) 输出；出口import (vt.&vi.) 输入；进口13hunger (n.) 饥饿；欲望 (vt.&vi.) (使)饥饿hungry (adj.) 饥饿的 14disturbing (adj.) 引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturb (vt.) 搅乱；弄乱；干扰15freedom (n.) 自由；自主free (adj.) 自由的；自主的freely (adv.) 自由地；自主地16equip (vt.&vi.) 配备；装备equipment (n.) 装备；配置equipped (过去式/过去分词)17occupation (n.) 工作；职业；占领occupy (vt.) 占领；占据18confuse (vt.) 使迷惑；使为难confusion (n.) 困惑；迷惑19production (n.) 生产；制造produce (vt.) 生产；制造product (n.) 产品producer (n.) 生产者；制片人20discovery (n.) 发现；发觉discover (vt.) 发现；发觉21chemical (adj.) 化学的；关于化学的chemistry (n.) 化学22summary (n.) 总结；摘要；概要summarize (vt.) 总结；概括；概述23nutrition (n.) 营养；滋养；食物nutritious (adj.) 有营养的；营养丰富的【重点短语】1thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为2get_rid_of 摆脱；除去3be_satisfied_with 对感到满意4would_rather 宁愿；宁可5build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发6lead_to 导致；造成(后果)7focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于8be_rich_in 盛产；富于9keep.free_from/of 使免受(影响、伤害等); 使不含(有害物)10prefer.to. 喜欢胜过11make_a_difference 有关系；有影响【热点句型】1if so状语从句的省略形式If_so (如果这样的话), what did you do to grow them? 2the序数词名词动词不定式In 1973, he became the_first_agricultural_pioneer_in_the_world_to_grow_rice (世界上第一位种植水稻的农业先锋) that has a high output.3make itadj.动词不定式This special strain of rice makes_it_possible_to_produce (使生产成为可能) 20% more of the crop in the same fields. 4would rather do. “宁愿做”He would much rather (宁愿) keep time for his hobbies. 5倍数as.as.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before (比以前多了一倍). 高频考点一 单词例1、strugglevi.努力；奋斗；同斗争；挣扎；奋力前进n竞争；努力；奋斗Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他数百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。【归纳拓展】 struggle for 为而斗争struggle with/against 与作斗争；同搏斗struggle to_do sth. 努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来【语境助记】Because a college community (群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle_to_find a sense of belonging.因为大学群体不同于家庭，很多学生会努力寻找一种归属感。Most animals have to struggle_for existence in the dangerous world.大多数动物得在这个充满危险的世界上为生存而竞争。We have to struggle_with/against all kinds of difficulties.我们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。Those climbers struggled_against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.那些登山者在强风中艰难地行进，最终到达山顶。The soldier was badly wounded but he struggled_to_his_feet at last.这个战士受了重伤，但最后他还是挣扎着站了起来。例2、equip(equipped, equipped) vi.& vt.配备；装备He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(P10) 因此他拿出几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。【归纳拓展】(1)equip.with. 用装备be equipped with 装备着be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/较差的(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)a_piece_of equipment 一件设备【语境助记】We students should equip_ourselves_with_knowledge for the competition nowadays is very fierce.我们学生应该用知识武装我们自己，因为当今社会竞争非常的激烈。It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped with_the_ability_to_speak.人们常说，人天生具有说话的能力。Equipped_with much experience in teaching, Mr Wang is the most popular maths teacher I have ever met.王老师具有丰富的教学经验，他是我遇到的最受欢迎的数学老师。Thus, these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest.这样，因为他们最合适，这些准备充分的人们幸存了下来。My mother bought a_piece_of useful equipment for the kitchen yesterday.昨天，妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。例3、regretvt.遗憾；惋惜n遗憾；懊悔His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.(P13)他的父亲说，他从不后悔把儿子送到国外学习。【归纳拓展】(1)regret sth. 后悔；遗憾某事regret that从句遗憾regret doing sth. regret having_done sth. 后悔做过某事regret to_do sth. 遗憾要做某事(事儿还未做)(2)much to the regret of sb.使某人非常遗憾的是feel regretful for 为感到后悔with great/deep regret 很遗憾have no regrets 没有遗憾(3)regretful adj. 后悔的；失望的；遗憾的【语境助记】I have always regretted not_having_studied hard at school.我一直后悔在校期间没有努力学习。I regret_that I have made such a silly mistake.我真后悔犯了那样一个愚蠢的错误。We regret_to_inform_you_that your application has not been successful.我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。Much_to_our_regret,_we will not be able to visit you next year.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。I have_no_regrets about leaving Newcastle.我一点也不后悔离开纽卡斯尔。I saw a_regretful_look on her face when she left.她走时，我能看出她很失望。例4、reducevt.减少；减缩；降低；使陷入某种更坏的状态(常用于被动语态)A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(P14)肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。【归纳拓展】(1)reduce.to. 减少到；使某物变为reduce by 减少了be reduced to.沦落为；被迫(to为介词)(2)reduce sb. to tears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默reduction n缩小；减少【语境助记】Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce_the_spread of disease.基础设施的简单改善能够减少疾病的传播。Costs have_been_reduced_by 20% over the past year.过去一年，成本支出已经减少了20%。This year, the number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced_from 40 to 9.今年，一氧化碳排放超标的城市数量从40个减到了9个。Due to a lack of food in the hard time, many people were_reduced_to_eating grass and leaves.在困难时期由于缺少粮食，许多人被迫吃草和树叶。She was reduced_to_tears by their criticism.他们的批评使她流下了眼泪。There has been some_reduction in unemployment.失业人数有所减少。高频考点二 短语例1、be satisfied with 对感到满意Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.袁隆平很满意他的生活。【归纳拓展】(1)with sb./sth. 对某人/某物感到满意be satisfied to_do sth. 对做感到满意(2)satisfy vt. 使满意satisfy ones curiosity 满足某人的好奇心satisfaction n. 满足；满意to ones satisfaction 使某人满意的是【语境助记】Shes never satisfied_with what shes got.她对自己的所得从不感到满足。The education system must satisfy_the_needs of all children.教育体系必须满足所有儿童的需要。I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind_of_satisfaction,_and it can cause social pressures in a group.我已注意到流言的三个效果：它能伤害他人，它能给散播流言的人某种满足感，并且能在一个群体里引起社交压力。To_my_great_satisfaction,_my boss agreed to my suggestion put forward at the meeting.令我非常满足的是，我的老板同意了我在会议上提出来的建议。例2、build up 逐渐增强；建立； 开发； 增进These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。【归纳拓展】(1)build up a fame 建立名声build up ones health/body 增强体质(2)与副词up搭配的其他短语grow up 长大cut up 切碎put up 搭起；建起set up 建立speed up 加速give up 放弃add up 加起来；合计come up 上升；走近；发芽pick up 捡起；学会take up 拿起；开始；从事look up 向上看；查找eat up 吃光；吃完【语境助记】Exercise will help build_up the muscles.锻炼将有助于增强肌肉。Therefore, lets take the responsibility to build_up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.所以，让我们通过骑自行车来承担起建立一个低碳城市的责任。To learn a language well you must build_up a useful vocabulary.要学好一种语言，你必须逐步积累有用的词汇。He has built_up a good business over the years from a small beginning.几年后他已从小本经营发展为一个大的企业。Peter will take_up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.彼得在下个月末将从事旅行社负责人的职位。例3、lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通往Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。【归纳拓展】lead/have/live a(n).life 过着的生活lead the way 带路lead sb. into 带某人进入lead sb. to someplace 带领某人去某地lead sb. to_do sth. 使得/诱使某人做某事lead up to 通向【名师点睛】【语境助记】This will probably lead_to_trouble in the future.这在以后将可能导致麻烦。2016浙江高考Studying babies play may lead_to a better understanding of science.研究婴儿的玩耍有利于(我们)更好地了解科学研究。This information led_the_police_to a house near the harbour.警察根据这个情报来到了港湾附近的一座房子。This has led_scientists_to_think_out other solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家思考其他解决问题的方法。The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs being_caught.新证据的发现使得小偷被抓。He decided to lead_a_new_life after the unusual experience.这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。The receptionist led_the_way to the boardroom.接待员领路来到董事会会议室。With him leading_the_way,_we got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would lead_to serious consequences. His action led_us_to_believe that he was our true friend.有他带路，我们毫不费力地到达了那里。要不是他，我们就有可能迷路了，这会导致严重的后果。他的行为使我们相信他是我们真正的朋友。例4、focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于；聚焦于They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.他们集中注意力在保持土壤肥沃且免受病害上。【归纳拓展】(1)focus on集中于focus ones attention/eyes/energy on集中注意力/目光/精力于(2)the focus of attention/concern注意力/关注的焦点(3)adjust the focus 调整焦距in focus 对准焦距out_of focus 没对准焦距(4)表示“集中注意力/精力于”的其他短语pay attention to sth.put ones heart into sth.fix ones attention on sth.concentrate ones attention on sth.【语境助记】Most of us are more focused_on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.我们大多数人早上会比一天中其他时候注意力更集中在工作上。If you dont concentrate your_attention_on work, you will achieve nothing.如果你不把心思放在工作上，你终将一事无成。Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the_focus_of_attention/concern.健康和环境问题日益成为人们关注的焦点。The childrens faces were badly out_of_focus in the photograph.照片上孩子们的面部非常模糊。高频考点三 句型例1、If_so,_what did you do to grow them？ 如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？【归纳拓展】if so如果是这样的话，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。when, whenever, though, although, unless等连词也常见于省略句结构中。if构成的其他省略形式：if any如果有的话if possible 如果可能的话if necessary 如果必要的话if ever 如果有过的话(曾经发生)【语境助记】Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? If_so,_write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快写信告诉我。The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever,_reaching 30 in summer.这里的气候宜人，即使曾经发生过，在夏季气温达到30摄氏度的情况也很少出现。There are few, if_any,_mistakes in the book.那本书里即使真有错误，也不多。If_possible,_try and go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和同一时间起床。I hope to see you there but, if_not,_Ill call you.我希望在那里能见到你，如果没有的话，我会给你打电话的。例2、He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.(P10)他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。【归纳拓展】(1)would rather宁愿，常用来表示选择的意愿would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事宁愿做某事(而)不愿做某事/与其做某事倒不如做某事(3)would rather从句(谓语)(4)would rather have_done 本来想做而未实现【语境助记】2016浙江高考You are only one person, and you do not have time to waste on people who would_rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose.你只是一个人，你没有时间浪费在那些会带来麻烦或弄乱你的目标的人身上。We would rather our daughter stayed_at_home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她已不再是小孩子了。Id rather you hadnt_told me the truth yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没把事实告诉我。He would_rather_die than give in to the enemy.他宁死也不愿向敌人投降。例3、Recently, however, scientists have_been_finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health.(P14)然而，最近科学家已发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。【归纳拓展】have been finding是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。其谓语构成形式为have/hasbeendoing。【语境助记】For days the kids have_been_looking_for others we can help.几天以来，孩子们一直在寻找我们能够帮助的其他人。Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I_have_been_experiencing.来这所新学校已有一个月了，我真想与你分享一下我所经历的一些问题。No wonder you are so tired. You have_been_working all day.难怪你这么累，你已工作一整天了。高频考点四 语法动词ing形式作主语和宾语一、动词ing作主语1动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性，习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。Going fishing is my favourite sport.2动词ing作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。常见的句型有：It is/wasIt is no use complaining.It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.二、动词ing形式作宾语1作动词的宾语常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词有avoid, miss, advise, finish, practise, enjoy, escape, risk, mind, stand, imagine等。We were lucky to escape being punished.I tried to avoid making the same mistake.2英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动词ing形式作宾语。常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be worth等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.I have never dreamed of visiting that place.3有些动词或词组后既可跟动词ing形式作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意思不同。stop/mean/try/remember/forget/regretbe afraidWhen I came in, he stopped reading and looked up at me.Please remember to send the letter this morning.4下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doingneed/want/require/deserve to be doneThe old temple needs【2018全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the_63_(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _64_(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_65_(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _69_(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder! Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and watch.【答案】61. which 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged 66. scientist 67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。61. 考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”65. 考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。66. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。67. 考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。68. 考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。69. 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。70. 考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。【2018浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _56_(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners _57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _58_ can be to eat out. I still remember _59_ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I _60_(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to _61_(become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be _62_(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even _63_ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _64_(weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _65_ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.【答案】56. dishes 57. who/that 58. it 59. visiting 60. was shocked 61. have become 62. affordable 63. higher 64. weight 65. for【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。56. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。60. 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。62. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。63. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。65. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。4.2017天津卷61. 假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。1简要介绍自己的学习和生活；2告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备(如深入了解天津等)；3希望她有机会重访天津。注意： 1.词数不少于100；2可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；3开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：第十三届全运会 the 13th National GamesDear Mrs Green，Im so glad to hear from you. _ _ Yours，Li Jin【解析】One possible version: Dear Mrs Green,_Im so glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about my study and life. Im very pleased to tell you that I have made great progress in my spoken English since you left. As for my life, I take exercise regularly and do more outdoor activities, which builds up my body and character as well. I hope you can revisit Tianjin if you have a chance. Looking forward to seeing you again. Yours，Li Jin5.2017浙江卷6月考第一节应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友Chris写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1. 参加者；2. 时间、地点；3. 活动：登山、野餐等。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Chris, Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team. I do hope that you could join us because Green Hill is such a fun place to relax and surely we will have a great time. However, if you dont have spare time for this trip, it is fine. Its just up to you. Looking forward to hearing from you.Yours，Li Hua6.2017江苏卷81. 请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(boxoffice income)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文