2018届高三英语二轮复习专题二语法基础第六讲介词介词短语练习.docx

第六讲介词、介词短语掌握介词的基本意义，轻松应考 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) _ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.as解析：此处表示“作为一种与心脏病作斗争的方法”，故填as“作为”。2(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _their hands.with解析：with“用(工具)”，符合句意。3(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.for解析：“for一段时间”作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间”。4(2015全国卷)Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.by解析：乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式，by car“开车”。5(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies._去掉第二个of解析：realize是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，of多余。6(2017广东七校第二次联考)In October 1st, I went to Tiananmen Square with my parents, where we watched the flagraising ceremony._InOn解析：考查介词。介词on表示在具体的某一天。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1at, in, on表示时间(1)at表示某一时刻at 12：00(在12点)，at noon(在中午), at night(在夜里), at midnight(在半夜), at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破晓), at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落), at dusk(在黄昏)。(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间in the 1980s/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening。(3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如：某日、某节日、星期几等)on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day，on the morning of July 3rd。2by, before, after, until/till, during, within表示时间(1)by指“到时(为止)”(2)before“在以前”(3)after“在后”(4)until/till指“直到为止”(5)during“在期间”(6)within“在之内”He often falls asleep during the class, which makes his teacher very angry.他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。3between, among表示“在之间”between指“在之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；among表示“在之间(三者或三者以上)”。Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.保持亲密的师生关系。4by, in, on, with表示“使用工具、手段、方式等”(1)by表示“乘，坐(交通工具)”或“通过方式”；(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词；(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。by bike, by taxi, by plane, by shipgo to school on my bike, on footHer parents always talk to her in German.她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。5about, on表示“关于”about多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的情形，on多指内容属于专门性的，是严肃的或学术性的，有时两者可通用。He gave a report on/about the international situation at the meeting.他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告。6from, since表示时间(1)from表示开始的时间，译为“从开始”，多用于“from.to/till”结构中；(2)since表示“自以后，从以来”。We work from Monday to Friday every week.我们每周从周一工作到周五。I havent heard from him since last year.自从去年，我就没有收到过他的来信。7with的常见用法(表示关系)和一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用，凭借；(表示原因)由于，因为。Would you like to go to the theatre with us?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？The small child trembled with fear.那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。8for的用法表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就而言”。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。9without的用法表示“没有，缺乏；不和在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。It is a pity that David is away on business. Anyhow, youve got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him.很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，你有大量时间可以单独在纽约游览。10against的用法(表示方位)倚靠着；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以为背景。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。11beyond的用法(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处；(表示程度)超出，非所能及。Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。介词用法不算难，固定搭配记心间 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.on解析：be focused on意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。2(2016天津卷)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice _ her opinion on the subject.to解析：give voice to意为“表达，吐露，发泄”，为固定短语。3(2016天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry _ a conversation with her.on解析：carry on“继续进行，从事”，为固定短语。4(2017昆明质量检测)A lack _ water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems.of解析：考查固定搭配。a lack of为固定搭配，意为“缺乏”。5(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time._dreams后加of解析：dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定用法。6(2017福建福州八中高三质检)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation, can we go beyond ourselves._withto解析：attach importance to意为“重视”，为固定搭配。 通关点击 _原则这样解读1名词与介词搭配by accident偶然by chance碰巧on board在船上(或飞机上、火车上)on business因公出差on average平均in charge掌管，主管in particular特别，尤其，详细地in place适当的，恰当的in the distance在远处in favo(u)r of赞成，支持in honour of为了纪念，对表示敬意in spite of尽管，虽然in turn依次，转而in vain徒劳in memory of为纪念in return作为回报in order按顺序，处于良好状态for instance例如，比如2动词与介词搭配remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物call at访问(某地)call for要求，需要care about关心do harm to伤害fix ones eyes on注视get rid of免除，摆脱run out of用完come up with提出put forward提出make fun of取笑adapt to适应refer to涉及，查阅come across(偶然)遇见pick up捡起，用车接(某人)，接收，偶然习得3形容词与介词搭配be curious about对好奇be proud of因而自豪be popular with受到的欢迎be anxious about为忧虑be concerned about对担心、忧虑be present at出席be absent from缺席be free from免于,学生用书P30 ) 单句语法填空1(2017湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea, the Yangtze is a natural division _ north and south.between解析：由句意及句中的and可知，此处表示两者(南和北)之间，用介词between。2(2017湖北华大联盟高三2月质检)The theory of kung fu is based _ classical Chinese philosophy(哲学)on/upon解析：base.on/upon.为固定搭配，意为“建立在基础上”。3(2017平顶山市调研)Another good reason _ reading books is that it is useful.for解析：在reason后面用for表示“的原因”，故填for。4(2017太原二模)I said hello _ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？”to解析：考查介词。say hello to sb.意为“向某人问好”，符合语境，故用介词to。5(2017浙江台州期末考试)It means that we cannot use some modern household items, _ washing machines and they use too much water.like/including解析：根据“some modern household items”可知，此处表示举例，故可填like“例如”，或填including，表示“包括”。6(2017河南豫南九校质量考评)My parents and teachers were surprised _ my bad performance.at解析：句意：我的父母和老师对我不好的表现感到很惊讶。be surprised at为固定短语，意为：对感到惊讶。7(2017江西赣中南五校一模)Nowadays, millions _ lonely singles are now going online.of解析：句意：现在，数以百万计的感到孤独的单身们正在上网。millions of为固定结构，意为：数以百万计的。8(2017河南八市重点高中质检)Ocean currents changed _ the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.with解析：句意：洋流随气候变化而变化，并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with表示伴随，意为：随着。9(2017河北正定中学月考)Sichuan is home _ pandas, also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road.to解析：句意：“be home to.”为固定句型，意为：是的故乡、产地。10(2017山东师大附中二模)She said her name was Miss Bai She and kindly offered to show me _ the city.around解析：句意：她说她名叫白蛇小姐并热心地主动提出带我参观这座城市。show sb.around sp.为固定短语，意为：带某人参观某地。 单句改错1(2017郑州第一次质量预测)Last weekend we went for camping in the mountains with our teacher, Anna._删除for解析：考查固定搭配。go camping表示“野营”，故介词for多余。2(2017贵阳检测)But the butcher refused and even argued that it wouldnt do harm her health._her前加to解析：考查介词。do harm to为固定搭配，意为“对有危害”，故加介词to。3(2017江西南昌调研)Under his help, we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems._UnderWith解析：with ones help为固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”，故将Under改为With。4(2017河南豫南九校质量考评)Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study._去掉with解析：句意：首先，你们可以分享高效的学习经验来促进你们的英语学习。share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物。本句中share后为分享的内容，故将with删除。5(2017湖北襄阳第一次调研)They say they have learned what is not taught in textbooks and have got a great deal practice._deal后加of解析：句意：他们说他们学到了在教材中没有的内容并得到了很多实践。a great deal of为固定短语，意为：许多。6(2017山东临沂一模)If you find a position at there, Im sure youll have a rapid improvement in both your character and ability._去掉at解析：句意：如果你在那里找到一个职位，我确信你会在品质和能力上都会有迅速的提升。there为副词，可单独作状语，故将at删除。7(2017山西晋商四校联考)In Sunday morning, Li Lin was about to study when his father came up and advised him to have a break._InOn解析：句意：在周日上午，李林刚要学习这时他父亲走了过来建议他休息一会儿。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”时，需用介词on而非in。8(2017福建龙岩3月质检)Cell phones are much easier for us to take notes and more convenient to search what we need._search后加for解析：句意：我们使用手机做笔记更容易些，使用手机搜寻我们需要的东西更方便。search for搜寻；search搜身。根据本句意思可知需将search后加for。 短文改错(2017安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving ar