新目标英语八年级上册单元重点总结.doc

Unit11. talk about sth谈论、谈论关于的事talk with sb与某人交流、与某人谈论talk to sb跟某人交谈，强调单方面的说给某人听。2 how often提问的是频率，意为“多久一次” How often does Bill go to the movies? Twice a week.3 Once一次 twice 两次 three times 三次 four times四次Once a month twice a week three times a year four times a day4小结一下以how开头的问句 How soon 表示“多久以后” 用“in+一段时间”来回答 How soon will the girl come to China again? 那个女孩多久以后再次来中国？ In about half a year. 大约半年以后how long表示“（动作、状态持续或干某事花费）多长时间”how long=how much time 用“for+一段时间”来回答How long did your father work here?你父亲在这里工作多久了？For two years.两年how far 表示“（路程或距离）多远” 用“表示距离的词或短语” 回答How far is it from the museum to the cinema?博物馆距电影院有多远Six miles六英里how manymuch 表示“（数量）多少”，其中how many提问的是可数名词how much 提问不可数名词How many times have you been to the Great wall?你去过长城几次？For two times两次How much water did you drink this morning?你今早喝了多少水 Three glassed of water. 三杯水在提问商品的价格、付款的多少时用how muchHow much does the book cost?how old提问年龄5.he sometimes watches TV. Sometimes是一个时间副词，和always often usually hardly ever never等一样，都表示动作频率，多用于一般时态，常放在实义动词之前，系动词和情态动词、助动词之后。有时候为了加强语气这些副词也可放在句首或句末。 He often goes to school on foot. I have never smoked. She is sometimes beautiful.6.exercise 作动词“锻炼、运动”，作名词“锻炼、运动、练习” We should exercise every day. 做动词 Doing morning exercises can keep us healthy作名词7As for homework,most students do homework every day. As for相当于一个介词，意为“至于、关于、就而言” As for him,he wont go shopping .至于他，是不会去购物的8 the results for “watch TV” is interesting.The result for表示“关于的结果” the result of 的结果，两者可互换。Result是可数名词The results make us happy.We all know the results for the development of China.我们都知道中国的发展带来的结果 The results of the discussion are different.讨论的结果是不同的。9. I read books about twice a week. About “大约、几乎” 近义词是around10. how often do you drink milk? drink，作及物动词，“喝、饮” drink tea drink，作名词“饮料、喝的东西”Dont put ice in your drink.别在你的饮料里放冰块。 Milk 牛奶，是个不可数名词，但可用容器来量化 Milk is good for our health. Would you like a glass of milk? Rice a bowl of rice11.she says its good for my health. be good for 对有益处 be bad for对有害处 be good to对待好 be bad to对待不好 we should be good to each other.我们应该善待彼此。 The boss is always bad to the workers.这个老板总是对工人不好。12 health是名词“健康、健康状况”，healthy 是形容词，“健康的”，反义词是unhealthy. Healthily是副词We all worry about your health.This kind of milk is pretty healthySome unhealthy food may be delicious, but they are not good for our health.We must eat healthily to keep healthy.13. but I am pretty healthy. Pretty作副词，表示“颇，相当” The movie is pretty interesting. 做形容词“漂亮的、美丽的” She is a pretty girl. Handsome修饰男子“帅气的” He is a handsome boy.14 come home from school 放学回家 come home from work下班回家15 my eating habits are pretty good. Eating habits 饮食习惯 eating 是 eat的动名词形式，在这里作定语。 在英语中，“动词+ing”的形式可以作定语修饰名词，往往表示某事物的性质、作用、特征。吸烟习惯 smoking habits 一个正在熟睡的婴儿a sleeping baby 一张写字台 a writing desk 一匹奔跑的马 a running horse16 habit习惯 habit of doing sth做某事的习惯17 I try to eat a lot of vegetables. Try-tried-tried 尝试、努力、设法做某事 try to do sth try not to do sth Try to be here on time tomorrow.明天尽量按时来这儿 Please try not to be late .18.a lot of =lots of=plenty of 大量、许多，即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。19. I never drink coffe. Never 是个副词，具有否定意义，意思是“从不、决不” 可用于多种时态，反义词是 always Never构成的反义疑问句，后半部分要用肯定形式。 You have never told lies, have you? 你从没说谎，对吗?20. of course=certainly 当然、当然可以21.so you see, I look after my health. 所以你看，我关心自己的健康 So “因此、所以”，引导结果状语从句 He is a kind man, so he has many friends. Because 引导原因状语从句，不能和so同出现在一个句子里面。 Because he is a kind man, he has many friends. See除了表示“看见”意思之外，还表示“明白、知道、懂得”，相当于understandOh， I see 噢，我明白了。 Look after=take care of=take good care of 照料、照看、照顾、关心 我离开时，谁能帮我照看我的花？ Who can look after my flowers while I am away.22. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? Lifestyle生活方式、 style 是“方式、风格”的意思，hairstyle发式 Be the same as意为“与相同、一样” de different from“与不同” My eating habits are the same as yours. My eating habits are different from yours. Different 的名词形式是difference, “不同处、异同”，是可数名词 The difference between A and B. A 与B 的不同Unit21I have a stomachache. Ache常指连续的、局部的疼痛，常和表示身体部位的词连用，一起构成复合词。 Headache头疼 backache背疼 toothache牙疼2. I have a cold.我感冒了。Have a cold=get a cold=catch a cold意为“患感冒”3 lie down and rest. Lie是不及物动词，现在分词是lying; lie-lay-lain 躺 lie-lied-lied-lying撒谎rest动词，表示“休息”相当于have a rest.3. hot tea with honeywith在这里是“具有、含有”的意思，这里用到了介词短语作后置定语的知识。With honey修饰tea放在其后。4. 小结with的用法With“与一起”I will have a dinner with my teacher.With“用工具”He open the door with the key.With“拿着、带着”，Our teacher came into the classroom with a dictionary.With“长着”He is a handsome boy with curl hair.5. maybe you should see a dentist.See a dentist=go to the dentists 看牙医See a doctor=go to the doctors 看医生6 I m not feeling well. Feel是个感官系动词，后面要跟形容词作表语 The baby is feeling hungry.6. I think so我想是这样I dont think so.我想不是这样7. I hope you feel better soon. You feel better soon是一个句子作宾语，叫做宾语从句。可以由连词that引导。That有时候可以省掉。 I hope (that) you feel better soon. I think (that) you are right. I know (that) you are good at English.8.hope的用法。 Hope that 引导宾语从句 I hope they can come. Hope to do sth I hope you to come soon.9.what is the matter with 意为“怎么啦” What is the matter with you? What is the matter with the computer?10. whats the matter的同义句 Whats wrong? Whats the trouble? Whats the problem?11情态动词should的用法，表示“应该、应当” 情态动词后要用动词原形，变一般疑问句时将should提前，变否定句时should后加not。 We should listen to our teacher carefully in class. Should I tell him the news? We shouldnt be late for school.12 traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. Traditinal Chinese doctors 传统中医 Traditinal是形容词“传统的”，名词形式“传统”tradition13. believe“相信、认为”跟名词、代词作宾语， Believe sb“相信某人的话” I believe you. believe in sb“信任某人的人品” He is honest,you can belive in him.14. eating fruits is good for you 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。15. But people who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang. Stessed是个形容词，“（精神上）紧张的、有压力的”out 是副词，表示“彻底地、完全地”be stressed out过度紧张的，有压力的。Stress是名词，意为“压力、紧张”。 Under stress“在压力下”16But people who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang. who are too stressed out and angry 是一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰前面的名词people，定语从句总是放在被修饰的词后面。 He is the man who gave me the book.他就是那个给了我书的人。17.its easy to have a healthy life, and its important to eat a balanced diet. It is +adj +to do sth句型中，it叫形式主语，代替真正的主语to do sth。 意为“干是的”。因为不定式做主语较长，而谓语部分相对较短，it代替后就克服了头重脚轻的弱点。有时候为了指出不定式动作的执行者，可以在不定式之前加上for sb 构成：it is+adj+for sb+ to do sth” 表示“对某人而言干是的” sb是不定式 to do逻辑上的主语。 It is dangeous for children to play with fire. It is interesting to go swimming.18 stay healthy=keep healthy=be in good health 三者都表示“保持健康” 19 I like your school in Beijing,but I m not feeling very well at the moment. 本句由是but连接的并列句 。 介词短语in Beijing作定语，修饰school， At the moment=now此时、此刻，相当于nowUnit31. for vocation, 度假 for表示目的、对象、用途等，意为“为了、给、对”等。比如have milk for breakfast . Plan a birthday party for mother. Buy a pen for my son.On vocation, 在度假2 babysit-babysat-babysat 临时照顾小孩 babysits是单三形式3 go+doing表示进行某项活动, doing前面不加任何修饰词。 go swimming go shoping go fishing 注意对比 do some washing do some reading do some shopping 4. I dont like going away for too long. Away副词，离开、离去的意思。可以指空间或时间是上的“远离” Go away外出、离开 be far away from远离、距离5 send me a postcard from Hongkong. Send是双宾动词，即带两个宾语的动词。Send sb sth send sth to sb 寄给某人某物Send itthem to sb6 show me your photos when we get back to school.本句是是一个复合句，含有when引导的时间状语从句。主句是祈使句。Show也是一个双宾动词，show sb sth show sth to sb show itthem to sb7 用现在进行时表示将来动词的现在进行时态可以表示将来，表示打算、计划1） 询问准备或打算做某事what+isare+主语+doing sth?What are you doing for your mothers birthday?2) 询问何时去某地，when+isare+主语+going? When are you going? When are you going to shanghai?8 提示一下英语中表达将来时态的几种情况：1） 助动词willshall+动词原形。Will用于各种人称，shall仅用于第一人称。Will you visit your friend in Bejing.2) be going to +动词原形 I am going to help him to learn English.3) be+动词不定式，表示按计划要做的事情。 The meeting is to start at 84) be about to do sth,表示即将要发生的事情 The teacher is about to begin the class.9 whats it like there?那地方怎么样？What+be+主语+like？意为“怎么样、如何”。主语既可以是人也可以是物。What is the weather like?What is your new teacher like?How+be+主语，可以和What+be+主语+like？互换。10 注意What+be+人+like？问的是人的性格或内在的东西，而 What+do、does+人+ look like？问的是人的外表、长相11, Ben lambert, the famous French singer, is taking a long vocation. the famous French singer在句中作同位语，修饰主语Ben lambert。同位语用来说明前面名词或代词的意义，起进一步解释说明的作用，在句子中常前后用逗号与句子成分分开。 Yao ming, a player from China, is playing in NBA in America. Famous 形容词，“出名的” Be famous for因而出名 be famous as 作为而出名 The city is famous for its lake. Lu xun is famous as a writer.12.this time I want to do something different. Last time上次 This time 这次 next time下次 Something different.不同的事情。形容词修饰不定代词作定语要后置。 Anything new nothing important13 I am planning to have a relaxing vocation. Plan sth 计划某物、某事 plan to do sth计划做某事14 I am planning to spend time in the beautiful countryside Spend 表示度过、过时间、花费金钱或精力 Spendon sth spend (in) doing sth Countryside 农村、乡村15 I hope I can forget all my problems. Forget忘记 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth忘记做了某事 但是当表示“把某物忘在某处”时，只能用 leave sth sp. I left my homework at home.16 at night, Im renting videos and sleeping a lot. Rent 租用、出租 rent sth from 从租进来 ren sth to 给租出去 A lot“很、非常”在句中作状语,后面不跟任何名词 Thanks a lot. I eat a lot for lunch17 I just finished making my last movie. Finish的用法，“结束、完成” finish sth finish doing sth 18 she is leaving for Hongkong on Tuesday. Leave for+地点，表示“前往某地，动身去某地” When are you leaving for Japan?Unit 41. How do you get to school?就交通方式进行提问，How do they go to work?Get to sp 到达某地 go to sp去某地2 ride a bike ride a horse drive a car take a bus take a train3 take+冠词+交通工具，表示“乘坐” 同样还可以用“by+交通工具”。乘地铁take the subway 乘公交车take the bus by bus 开小汽车by cardrive a car 骑自行车 by bike ride a bike 坐飞机by plain by air 乘火车 by traintake the train 打的take a taxi4 it takes about 25minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.It takes sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间5 how far is it from his home to school?How far 就距离进行提问Fromto从到 ，既可以表示空间也可以表示时间，既可以具体也可以抽象6 shower 作动词，表示“淋浴” 相当于“ take a shower have a shower”在这个短语中，shower是一个名词。7 quick 和 fast 的区别quick 强调动作迅速 fast强调速度快quick是形容词 quickly是副词8 How do students around the world get to school?Around the world=all over the world世界各地Around既可以表示时间上大约，也可以表示地点上的环绕9. in other parts of the world,things are different. other 和 others的用法1） 在表示两个事物中“一个，另一个”时，用“onethe other+单数名词”或“onethe other” the不能省 My parents are both busy working, one is a doctor, the other is a teacher. 2) 当要表达在一定范围内的人或物，“有的，其余的全部”或“一个（或几个），其余的全部”时用“somethe other+复数名词”或“some the others”Two children went,but the other children stayed.Two children went, but the others stayed.All the students of our class are working, some are digging,the other students the others are planting trees.10. In China, it depends on where you are. Depend on =depend upon “视而定、取决于” Your success depends on your hard work.11 And in places where there are rivers and lakes,like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by boat.1)where there are rivers and lakes是一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词places，意为“在有河流和湖泊的地方”。 This is the house where I lived 5years ago. 2) like Hongshanhu and Kaishandao,是介词短语作插入语，用于列举，也可以用such as 和 for example，用such as时不加逗号，用for example时前后要用逗号隔开. And in places where there are rivers and lakes such as Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by boat.And in places where there are rivers and lakes, for example, Hongshanhu and Kaishandao, students usually go to school by boat.12. A small number of students take the subway. A number of+可数名词复数“许多” 谓语动词用复数the number of+可数名词复数“的数量”谓语动词用单数A number of students in our class have been to Beinjing.The number of the students in our class is about 50.13 hat do you think of =How do you like? 你认为怎么样？你认为如何？14 she is ill in hospital.ill是形容词，“生病的、不健康的”只作表语不作定语。The boy was ill yesterday.Sick也表示“生病的、不健康的”，也是形容词，但它即可以作表语也可以作定语 Her son is illsick. The mother is looking after her sick son.15. Dont worry. Worry about over sbsth 为担心You neednt worry about what he said.Their children usually worry over their health.Unit 5 1. Can you comt to my party?Can you ? 你能吗？该句型表示客气地请求某人做某事。回答时肯定用 Id love tolike to certainlyof course否定用Sorry, I cant.2. have lessons上课 have a piano lesson上钢琴课3. another 表示不定数目中的“另一个” This glass is broken, please give me another . the other两者中的“另一个” there are two apples here, one is red, the other is e and join us=come to join us.该句是祈使句，两个动作同时发生时，动词位于祈使句句首经常用and连接并列的成分，意义就如同动词不定式表达的意义。 Come and have a look at our specials.=come to have a look at our specials.5情态动词can的用法小结1) can 表示“能、能够”more and more Chinese can speak English.2) can表示可能性，意为“可以、可能”you can read books here,but you must keep quiet.3) can引导一般疑问句，放在句首，表示发出邀请。Can yo come to my birthday party?7. weekday平日，工作日（星期一到星期五） on weekdays 在平常日8. weekend. 周末 On at weekends在周末9. whats today?今天是什么日子？-its May Daywhats the date today?今天是几号？-its October1stwhat day is it today？今天星期几？-its Monday today.10. thank you for your invitation.Invitation 是 invite的名词形式， invite sb to do sth.邀请某人干某事11. whole 和 all都可以表示“全部、整个的”但两者有区别1）whole位于冠词、物主代词或其他限定词之后，结构为： 限定词+whole+单数名词，All位于这些限定词之前，结构为： All+限定词+单数名词 He slept all the way on the train. He slept the whole way on the train.2) 接复数名词时，结构为：all+限定词+复数名词、the whole of+复数名词。 All the students are going to the movies. The whole of the students are going to the movies. Unit61 thank you for your last letter. Last是形容词，意为“最后的、最新的、最近刚过去的”here is the last news.这是最新消息。December is the last month of a year.十二月是一年中最后一个月2. here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying.Herethere+谓语动词+名词 here is the book for you.这是给你的书Herethere+代词+谓语动词 here you are! 给你这些叫做倒装句。3. as you know正如你知道的 as you can see 正如你看到的as you hear 正如你听到的 as表示“正如”4. we both have black eyes and black hair, although my hair is shorter than hers.Both在句子中作we的同位语。Both意为“两者的、双方的”We both like books.Both are new.Both of the books are new.Although 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，即使”Hers是名词性物主代词，句中hers=her hair，形容词性物主代词后必须跟名词、名词性物主代词后不跟名词。Is this book -?No,-book is over there.A hers; her B her;her C her;hers D hers; hers5 however 与 but的区别 However较正式，可以放在句首、句中、句末，但but只能放在句中。 However前后都要用逗号隔开，而but不用。5. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common.In common “公共的、共有的” have sth in common“有相同之处”6. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.Be good at “擅长”=do well in Be good at sth be good at dong sth As+adjadv+as 和一样 He runs as quickly as me.Not asso+adjadv+as 不如一样，和不一样7 形容词的比较级和最高级 1）构成：单音节 加erest，多音节加more、most不规则的须特殊记忆：Goodwellbetterbest badbadlyworseworst Manymuchmoremost littlelessleastFar-fatherfurther-fathestfurthest oldolderelderoldesteldestLatelaterlatest 最高级前要用the 2） 用法：两者进行比较时，常用than表达，He is taller than me. 比较级之前还可以用much a little a bit evenfar等词修饰。 He is much better better than before.3） 常用的比较级句型比较级+and+比较级 表示“越来越”The weather is becoming longer and longer.The+比较级+of the two“两者中较”He is the taller of the two.7. we asked some people what they think and this is what they said.本句的主干事并列句，由and并列两个分句。第一个分句ask后跟的是特殊疑问句what引导的宾语从句，引导词what是think的宾语。Lets ask who will be our English teacher this term.系动词is后跟的句子作表语，叫做表语从句。This is where we lived ten years ago.That is what we think.8. He beats me in tennis.Beat sb打败某人，win sth赢得某比赛9 friend朋友 friendly 友好的 friendship友谊10 information 是不可数名词，“信息、情报” a piece of information 一条信息11. he cant stop talking. Cant stop doing sth“情不自禁干某事、忍不住干某事”She cant stop laughing.12. two years ago, I was a primary school student.Ago“在以前”，用于一般过去时态。Unit71.Turn on the blender. turn on sth turn it on 打开 turn down sthturn it down调小、调低 Turn up sth turn it up 调大、调高 turn off sth turn it off 关掉2. cut up the bananas.Cut up=cut sth into pieces.切碎3. pour the milk into the blender.Pour倾倒、倒、浇 pour sth到某物 pour sb sth 给某人到某物，相当于 pour sth to sb pour sth into 把某物倒入4 put sth into=put sth in 把放进里去5 Peel “削、剥皮” peel sb sth=peel sth for sb 给某人削果皮6 First首先 next 下一步、其次 then 然后 finally最后7 Mix it all up mix使混合，掺和 mix A with B =mix A and B togetherIf you mix blue and yellow, you will get green.Mix up sth=mix sth up搅和，搅拌8 then add the ingredients to the noodles.Add sth to 把加到上 Please add salt to the noodles.9. first,check you have all the ingredients.Check sth 检查、核查、核对 Unit81 there be句型的一般过去时。 There waswere there was a man in the car. There were five man in the car.Waswere there? Was there a man in the car? Yes,there wasno,there wasnt. Were there five man in the car？ How many people are there in the car?2. hang out with her friends. Hang out 闲逛3. what else did yo do? Else用作副词，意思是“别的、另外的”，修饰不定代词、疑问代词时放在这些词后，作后置定语what else do you want to do ?there is nothing else in the box.Do you have anyth