商务英语精读unit.ppt

Unit-4,Teaching Aim,Reading I,Reading II,Extended Activities,Teaching Aim,Teaching Aim,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,1. Cognitive Information (认知信息): Jobs and Occupations 2. Language Focus (内容重点) Key Words: I. trait, initiative, personality, realm, inherit, bestow, disloyal, quit, loyalty, recipient, patron, job security, job hopping, mobility, qualify, root, personnel, challenge, seniority, bounce; II. transition, academic, depressing, recession, flight slot, redundancy, leave, participate, job sharing scheme, crisis, volunteer, recruit,Teaching Aim,Teaching Aim,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations, Phrases: I. get ahead, on the basis of, lead to, move upwards, by and large, better oneself, deal with, bring in, back and forth; II. take (time) off, cut back on, take off, take advantage of, from scratch, be on the dole, better off, take on, be on offer Word Study: involve, content, advance, present, initiative Useful Structures: keep doing sth. as if the best of sth. jump at the chance to do sth. (be) faced with Vocabulary: Words of Job Application,Teaching Aim,Teaching Aim,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,3. Communicative Skills (交际技能) Expressions: Describing Ones Occupation Reading: Job Advertisements 4. Phonetic Review (语音复习): Closing Diphthongs,Reading I,Reading I,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Pre-reading,Text,Background Information,New Words and Expressions,Exercises,Post-reading,Pre-reading,Pre-reading,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Pre-reading I,Pre-reading II,Pre-reading-I,Pre-reading I,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,I. Brainstorming: Work with your partner and list things that people may consider in choosing their jobs.,An Ideal Job=Job Security+Good Pay+ _ _ _ _ _ _.,KEY,Pre-reading-I,Pre-reading I,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,job security good pay challenging work no stress distance from work commuting time opportunities to work independently team spirit employee shareholding program retirement benefits day-care service overtime work paid holidays vacation time working environment interesting/friendly coworkers prestigious title job status medical and dental plan varied work chance to meet important people travel opportunities relaxed dress code staff appraisal system good interpersonal relations with superiors company insurance equal opportunities regardless of sex recreation & sports facilities in-service training promotion prospects flexible working hours/schedule good boss exercise activities at lunch time no-smoking policy company car expense account friends working there recognition,Things people may consider in choosing their jobs,Pre-reading-II,Pre-reading II,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,II. Pairwork: Discuss the following questions with your partner.,1. What is important for you in a job? And why? 2. Which job do you like to take, a well-paid job you dislike or a poorly paid job you enjoy? 3. Do you prefer to be an employer or an employee?,Text-1,Text,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Personal Progress and Job-hopping,1. In many parts of the world, personal influence is almost essential in getting ahead. One needs a “godfather”, a “sponsor”. Here that is not true. Naturally all people use influence sometimes, but one rarely advances far on that basis alone in the United States. Here traits which lead to success are generally considered to be the willingness to work hard (at any kind of job), scholarship or skill, initiative, an agreeable and outgoing personality. In other words, even in the realm of personal progress, this is a “do-it-yourself” society. By and large, success is neither inherited nor bestowed. This means, therefore, that our employment practices are different from those in many other countries.,Text-2,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,2. In some nations it is considered disloyal to quit a job; deep reciprocal loyalties exist between employee and employer (“recipient” and “patron” in many cases); lifelong job security and family honor are frequently involved.,Text,Text-3,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,3. This is not true in the United States. “Job-hopping” is part of our constant mobility. We consider it a “right” to be able to better ourselves, to move upward, to jump from company to company if we can keep qualifying for more responsible (and therefore better) jobs.,Text,Text-4,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,4. This interchangeability of personnel seems unreasonable to some members of foreign nations. Where are our roots? How can we be so cold and inhuman? “We act,” some say, “as if we were dealing with machines, not humans.” They do not understand that a great many Americans like to move about. New jobs present new challenges, new opportunities, new friends, and new experiences often a new part of the country.,Text,Text-5,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,5. The employer may be quite content too. Perhaps he has had the best of that mans thinking; a new person may bring in fresh ideas, improved skills, or new abilities. Then, too, a newcomer will probably start at a lower salary for he will have no seniority. Hopping is so readily accepted here, in fact, that a good man may bounce back and forth among two or three corporations, being welcomed back to his original company more than once through his career, each time at a different level.,Text,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,1. Words related to jobs and occupations: please refer to the notes for Special Use: Words of Job Application in this unit.,Background Information,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,2. Job-hunting techniques Its easy to talk about all the nice things you desire in a job offer, but its far from easy to land yourself on a job which is not very desirable, especially for a young man without much work experience and social connections. The following tips may be helpful for young jobseekers: Chances of getting a job are better with smaller companies than with large ones. Do homework on yourself. Identify your skills in great detail, and in priority. Research your potential employer. Find out all you can about the organization.,Background Information,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations, Be persistent. Keep at the job hunt make return visits. Investigate many different organizations or businesses for job openings. Dont limit yourself to one type of organization. Dont “put all of your eggs in one basket” such as relying only on relatives, just sending out resumes, or just applying to your first employer choice. Determine what makes you better at the job you are after than other people. Get as many other people helping you look for a job as possible: friends, relatives, coworkers, professionals, and so on. Look as sharp as possible. Be clean, well-dressed and alert. No one “owes” you a job. Its up to you to “win” a job by showing a potential employer you have the right attitude and skill.,Background Information,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,3. Looking for job vacancies Before beginning a search for a job, you will need to think about the types of vacancies you are hoping to find. If you think in terms of broad job areas, rather than specific job titles this will give you wider opportunities and more possible vacancies as employers often use different titles for similar jobs. You should consider temporary and part-time work as this could give you experience, is good for your CV, and will provide the chance to make contacts that may know about other jobs. Some temporary jobs may also become permanent. If you are looking for a vacancy, you may try:,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Background Information,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,1) Careers Center: Employers may advertise their vacancies here for young people. For some jobs, careers officers may be able to telephone on your behalf to arrange interviews. Careers officers also offer a counseling and advice service for young people and help in finding training places or jobs. 2) Local/National newspaper/Radio/TV advertisements 3) Internet: There are many job search websites. Some have search facilities allowing you to search on geographical area, by wage/salary and so on. Recruitment agencies also advertise on websites and some allow jobseekers to register on there as well.,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Background Information,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,4) Journals/Trade Magazines: Specialist journals published by professional bodies or trade organizations may advertise jobs. These may come out monthly or quarterly and feature adverts on a national basis. 5) On their own premises: Some employers advertise their vacancies outside their premises on notice boards or signs. 6) Private employment agencies/ Recruitment agencies: These match job seekers with employers vacancies. Agencies display adverts in their shop windows and/or display boards for public access. They will also contact people registered with them when vacancies arise. Many vacancies are never advertised. Tapping into this pool of vacancies involves making speculative approaches. This means contacting employers just in case they have a suitable vacancy or a,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Background Information,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,vacancy coming up. It is likely that you will suffer a number of setbacks and disappointments with this method, as many of your approaches will be rejected. It is still worthwhile investing your time even if there are rejections and you should consider these types of speculative approaches: Going to the employers premises in person to ask if there are any vacancies. Take copies of your CV with you to leave if there are no current vacancies. Ringing up to ask whether there are any vacancies with speculative telephone calls. Sending your CV with a covering letter introducing yourself and what you have to offer.,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Background Information,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,4. Job hopping Not all employers will interpret a resume filled with many jobs the same way. How well or badly your job-hopping is taken depends on a number of factors. Think about these factors before your next interview. What market are you in? In some high-powered cities, having a series of jobs of less than two years is not necessarily seen as a bad thing it is seen as a mark of an ambitious person who is constantly moving forward. In addition, some industries, like politics and consulting, are prone to frequent job movement.,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Background Information,Background Information,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations, Are you moving up? Job-hopping is fine if there is a clear pattern of increasing responsibility. Employers tend to be sympathetic to a quest for greater responsibility. A lateral move can also be explained as exploring other careers or gaining relevant experience that would have been unavailable otherwise. How old are you? Most employers expect a certain amount of career exploration from recent grads. But the higher you go in your profession, and the more investment the company has to make in you, the less likely they are to want to invest in someone who they think will leave in a year.,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,Background Information,New Words and Expressions,New Words and Expressions,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,New Words and Expressions,Notes,Language and Culture Focus,New Words and Expressions,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,1. hop v. to move by jumping 跳过 2. influence n. an effect on someone or something without the use of direct force or command 影响 3. essential a. extremely important 必要的 4. godfather n. a man who sponsors a person at baptism 教父 5. sponsor n. a person who agrees to pay someone money; a financial backer 赞助人 6. trait n. a particular quality, esp. of a person; characteristic (人的) 品质；特性,New Words and Expressions,New Words and Expressions,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,7. scholarship n. the systematized knowledge of a learned man 学识 8. initiative n. the ability to think and act without being urged 主动性 9. agreeable a. pleasing, giving pleasure 令人愉快的 10. outgoing a. friendly and sociable 外向的 11. personality n. the whole nature or character of a particular person 个性；性格 12. realm n. the field of activity or interest; sphere (活动或兴趣) 领域,New Words and Expressions,New Words and Expressions,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,13. inherit v. to receive (property, title, etc.) as a result of the death of the previous owner 继承(财产、头衔等) 14. bestow v. to present (sth.) as a gift; to confer 赠与 15. disloyal a. not loyal, unfaithful 不忠诚的 16. reciprocal a. given and received in return; mutual 互相给予的；互惠的 17. loyalty n. being true and faithful 忠诚 18. recipient n. a person who receives something 接受者,New Words and Expressions,New Words and Expressions,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,19. patron n. a person who gives money or other support to a person, cause, activity, etc. 资助人 20. lifelong a. extending throughout ones life 终生的 21. security n. safety from possible harm or loss 安全；保障 22. constant a. continually happening or repeated; regular 不断的；连续发生的 23. mobility n. the quality of being able to move or to be moved quickly and easily 流动性；机动性 24. better v. to improve 改善,New Words and Expressions,New Words and Expressions,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,25. qualify v. to (cause to) reach a necessary standard, e.g. of knowledge, ability or performance (使)具有/取得资格 26. interchangeability n. being able to exchange or alternate each other 可互换性 27. personnel n. employees, staff 总称人员；员工 28. inhuman a. lacking normal human qualities of kindness 无人性的,New Words and Expressions,New Words and Expressions,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,29. challenge n. a difficult, demanding or stimulating task 有激励性的任务；挑战 30. content a. satisfied with what one has; happy 满意的 31. seniority n. official advantage coming from the length of ones service in an organization 资历； 年资 32. bounce v. to spring back or up again 弹回 33. original a. initial 起初的,New Words and Expressions,New Words and Expressions,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,1. get ahead to progress (beyond sb.) 领先；出人头地 2. on the basis of based on; according to 在基础上；根据 3. lead to to have something as its result 导致 4. by and large on the whole 大体上；总的说来 5. move upward to rise in rank 升职；升迁 6. deal with to attend to (a problem, task) 处理；安排 7. be content with to be satisfied with 满意 8. bring in to introduce 引进，引入 9. back and forth from one place to another and back again repeatedly 来回地,New Words and Expressions,Notes,Notes,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,1. job-hopping: the practice of moving from job to job. 2. do-it-yourself society: a society in which you should do things yourself, and depend on yourself. (abb. DIY) 3. One needs a “godfather”, a “sponsor”: One needs someone to support economically and help him/her move forward in society. 4. recipient and patron: the person who takes the job, and the person who offers the job opportunity. 5. keep qualifying: to remain in ability to be suited for. 6. move about: to travel from place to place.,get ahead,Language and Culture Focus,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,1. get ahead: to be successful and do better than other people in a job or work 取得进步，获得成功 e.g. Getting ahead at work is the most important thing to him right now. She soon found that it wasnt easy to get ahead in the movie business.,on that base alone,Language and Culture Focus,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,2. on that base alone: only because of that. This is from the phrase “on the basis of ”. on the basis of: 在的基础上 e.g. The government prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin. We will work hard to build a new international order on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.,trait,Language and Culture Focus,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,3. trait: (formal) a particular quality in someones character 特性 e.g. personality/character traits Does Bryce have any bad traits? Its a human trait to joke about subjects that make us uncomfortable.,lead to,Language and Culture Focus,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,4. lead to: to result in 导致(无被动形式) e.g. This will lead to trouble in the future. This scandal led to him/his resigning.,personality,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,5. personality: the totality of qualities and traits, as of character or behavior, that are peculiar to a specific person 人品，人格(品质和性格的总称。包括个性或行为，特别是指确定的人。) e.g. Despite their different personalities, they became best friends. A disease may cause changes in behavior and personality.,Language and Culture Focus,realm,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,6. realm: an area of interest or activity 界；领域，范围 synonyms: field, sphere e.g. The change in peoples attitudes will slowly move from the realm of theory into the sphere of practice.,Language and Culture Focus,by and large,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,7. by and large: on the whole 大体上；总的说来 e.g. By and large, your plan is a good one. By and large, the principles and practices suggested here also will be of interest to any adults.,Language and Culture Focus,bestow,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,8. bestow: (formal) to give someone something of great value or importance 给予 e.g. bestow something on/upon somebody Honors were bestowed on him by the Queen.,Language and Culture Focus,disloyal,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,9. disloyal: lacking loyalty 不忠实的；不忠诚的 e.g. Two newspapers have been criticized for disloyal reporting of the war.,Language and Culture Focus,quit,Unit 4 Jobs and Occupations,10. quit: 1) to give up 放弃；抛弃 e.g. quit a job 2) to abandon or put aside 放弃；抛弃 e.g. I advised them to quit their dissipated (放荡的) ways.,Language and Culture Focus,辨析recipient, sponsor, patron,Unit 4 Jobs and Occup