非谓语动词副本.doc

非谓语动词 在英语中，非谓语动词可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词有to do,doing,done,being done,having done,have been done这些形式,但是一个句子中光有非谓语动词不能称之为一个完整的句子。Eg I liking drawing. （F）). 作主语：(非谓语动词常用 to do, doing且当单数使用) Smoking is bad for health. 吸烟对人身体有害。 （笼统地谈吸烟问题） To finish the job in two days is impossible. 要在两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。（具体地谈这项工作） 2 it用形式主语于句首常用不定式置于句尾 * It is /was + adj./ n. /-ed +to do * It is no use/good/a waste of time + doing sth. Eg.It is impossible to finish the job in two days. It is no good/ use having a car if you cant drive.如果你不会开车，有车也没用。 It is a waste of time watching TV. 看电视是浪费时间。 3 There is no句型中，常用doing作主语。 Eg.There is no saying what will happen. 无法估计将会发生什么事。 There is no use making an excuse for this.为这事编造借口没用。 ). 作宾语(非谓语动词常用to do,doing)： 有些及物动词后面只能接doing作宾语，不能接不定式，常见的有： void 避免/ miss错过/ postpone 推迟/ suggest 建议/ finish 完成/ practise练习/ enjoy 喜欢/ imagine 想象/ cant help禁不住/ admit 承认/ deny 否认/ envy 嫉妒/escape 逃脱/ risk 冒险/ forgive 原谅/ stand 忍受/ keep保持/ mind 介意/ appreciate 感激,赞赏/ consider 认为/ delay 耽误/ detest 讨厌/ miss 想念/ resist 抵抗/ understand 理解/ feel like想要 eg.Im sorry I missed seeing you while in Shanghai.很遗憾，我在上海时没看到你。 He suggested discussing the problem at the class meeting. 他建议在班会上讨论这个问题。 Would you mind closing the window? 你介意把窗户关上吗？ Will you admit having broken the window?你承不承认打破了窗户了？ He avoided giving us a definite answer.他避免给我们一个肯定的回答。 I was afraid to let the boy risk climbing the tree.我不敢让这个男孩冒险爬那棵树。 I couldnt help crying when I heard the news.听到这个消息我不禁哭起来。 有些动词后面只能跟to do作宾语，不能接动名词，eg：wish, hope, expect, offer, manage, decide, refuse, agree, pretend, promise, seem, fail, would like, would love I dont wish to be disturbed in my work.我不愿在工作中被打搅。 We managed to get there in time.我们设法及时到了那里。 He pretended to be reading a book.他假装在读书。 They promised to get up early.他们答应早起床。 He refused to do that job.他拒绝做那工作。 有些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接不定式作宾语，其意义基本一样，如： begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand, 例 句 解 析 1. It began to rain. It began raining. 2. It was beginning to snow. 3. I love lying (to lie)on my back. 4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to. 5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now. 有些动词后面既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语，但意义不同。如： mean to do sth. 打算干某事mean doing 意味着 Eg.I didnt mean to hurt you.我没打算伤害你。 Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.误了车就意味着等一个小时。 stop to do sth.停下来去做另外某事，stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Eg.I was lost and had to stop to ask the way.我迷路了只好停下来问路。 They stopped talking.他们停止了谈话。 go on to do sth. （做完一件事之后）接着做（另一件事）go on doing sth.继续做某事 Eg.After learning history, we went on to learn geography.学完历史之后，我们接着学地理。 You shouldnt go on living this way.你不应当继续过这样的生活了。 try to do sth. 试图做某事try doing sth.试试做某事（往往表示某种方法或方式） Eg.Lets try knocking at the back door.咱们敲敲后边的门试试。 We tried to solve the problem.我们努力想解决这个问题。 forget, regret, remember后接to do表示尚未发生的动作，接doing表示已经发生动作。 Eg.I forgot to write him a letter.我忘了给他写信。（ 以前没写信） I forgot writing him a letter.我忘了以前曾写信给他。 （曾写过信） I remember seeing you before. 我记得以前见过你。（ 曾见过） Please remember to write to me.请记住要给我写信。 （目前还没写） I regretted speaking to them about it.我后悔跟他们讲过那件事。 （以前讲过） I regret to tell you that you didnt pass the exam.我遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 （以前没告诉过你） be used to do sth. 被用来做be used to doing sth. 习惯于做 Eg.We are used to going to bed early.我们习惯于早睡。 Wood can be used to make paper.木材可以用来造纸。 cant help（to）do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth. 不禁 Eg.We cant help to solve the problem.我们不能帮助解决这个问题。 On hearing the news, we couldnt help laughing. 一听到这个消息，我们忍不住大笑起来。 allow, permit, advise, forbid, consider + doing /+ sb to do Eg.We dont allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。 We dont allow them to smoke.我们不允许他们吸烟。 He advised having a rest.他建议休息。 He advised me to have a rest.他建议我休息。 I considered going to Canada.我考虑去加拿大。 I consider him to be honest.我认为他诚实。 need, require, want ，demand+ to be done/ doing “需要（被作某种处置）” sth作主语Eg.The bridge needs/ requires/ wants repairing. =The bridge needs/ requires/ wants to be repaired. 这个桥梁需要修一修了。 介词（除but以外）后面的动词宾语一律用doing形式。 They are interested in singing. 他们爱好唱歌。（ 动名词singing作介词in的宾语） * but 与no, not any, all 等词连用时为介词，但其后面的动词用to do， 如果but前面有实义动词do 的任何形式，则but 后面用动词原形do He did nothing but cry. 他什么也没做，只是哭。（but 前面有实义动词did, 所以but后面要接动词原形） I had no choice but to cry. 我别无办法，只好哭。（but前面没有实义动词do,所以but后面要跟不定式形式） 特殊疑问词后加to doIt hasnt been decided where to go. 还没决定到哪里去。（主语） I found out where to buy fruit cheaper.我找到了廉价买水果的地方。（宾语） The question is what to write about.问题是应写什么。（表语） . 作表语(非谓语动词常用to do,doing,done)： My job is typing letters and papers. 我的工作就是打信件和文件。（打信件和文件是我日常的工作） The next step is to discuss the suggestion raised by him. 下一步将是讨论他提出的问题。 The book is well written. 这本书写得不错。（分词作表语，表状态）1 doing作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，有时可译为“令人的”； done作表语多表示主语所处的状态，有时可译为“感到的”。 interesting 令人有兴趣的，有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 tiring 令人疲劳的 tired 感到疲倦的 moving 令人感动的 moved 受到感动的 exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 puzzling 令人迷惑的 puzzled 感到迷惑的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 She felt a bit disappointed. 她感到有点失望。 The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。 The news is exciting. 消息令人兴奋。 I was excited at the news. 听到这个消息我很兴奋。 . 作定语 (非谓语动词常用to do,doing,done,being done)： to do 做后置定语，与中心词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，表示将要发生的动作或状态 I have something important to tell you. (something important 是tell you的逻辑宾语) 我有重要的事情要告诉你。 I want to get something to read during the winter vacation. （something 是read的逻辑宾语） 我想找点书在寒假读。 We are looking for a paper to write on. 我们正在找写字用的纸。 Im not sure which restaurant to eat at. 我对在哪家餐馆吃饭没有把握。 It would be a comfortable room to live in. 这房间住起来会很舒适。 * 常用to do作定语的情况 1)名词前有序数词、最高级所修饰This is the first building to be designed by him. 这是由他设计的第一栋楼房。 They are the first to come, and the last to leave. 他们是最先来而最后离开。 He is the oldest athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal. 他赢得奥运金牌的年龄最大的运动员。 doing作定语表示该名词的用途， doing作定语表示该名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 a reading room (=a room for reading ) 阅览室（动名词） a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming)游泳池（动名词） a swimming girl (=a girl who is swimming)在游泳的女孩（现在分词） a sleeping car (=a car for sleeping)一节卧车 （动名词） a sleeping girl (=a girl who is sleeping)在睡觉的女孩（现在分词） done作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于谓语动词表示的动作”，表“被动” It is the problem left over by history. (先于谓语动词的动作、表被动) He is a leader respected by the people. (表被动) being +done作定语时，表示一个正在进行的、被动的动作 The freeway being built will lead to Xingang Seaport. (表正在被修建的) . 作状语 (非谓语动词常用to do,doing,done,being done,having done, having been done)： doing作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、伴随情况 Walking down the street, I met an old friend of mine.(时间状语，walk 和meet 同时发生) Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out.(原因状语，hear 和rush out 几乎同时发生) We sat by the window, talking about what had happened.(伴随状语，talk 和sit同时发生) Having brushed my teeth, I came downstairs for breakfast.(时间状语，brush teeth 在come downstairs 之前发生) Thinking it over, you will not take the job.= If you think it over (条件状语) Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.(原因状语，be there在offer之前发生) done作状语表示被动或完成的动作，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等。 Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever. 受到老师的鼓励，我们比以前更努力地学习。（原因状语） Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance. 若从这个角度考虑，那个问题很重要。（条件状语） Seen from the hill, the town looks nice. (时间状语) He turned away disappointed. (伴随状语) to do/ in order to do /so as to do(不于句首)用不定式作目的状语，译成”为了” I studied hard to pass the exam.为了通过这次考试我努力读书。 为了强调目的，有时可把不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加。如： In order to /To be there on time, we got up early.为了按时到那儿，我们起的很早。 He sold them so as to /in order to/ to have money to buy some food.他把它们卖掉是为了有钱买食物。 (only/ never) to do 表示出人意料的结果。 I came in only to find nobody here. 我走进来，却发现这儿一个人都没有。（表意外结果,加only用来强调意外） 独立主格 1) “名词（主格代词）+doing”相当于一个状语从句，表示条件、原因、结果、伴随等。 The bus being very crowded, he had to stand. =As the bus was very crowded 公共汽车很挤，他只好站着。（表原因）(分词的逻辑主语是the bus，句子的主语是he) All the guests having left, we began cleaning up the room. = After all the guests had left 所有的客人走了之后，我们开始打扫房间。（表时间）（分词的逻辑主语是all the guests,句子的主语是we） “Mama！” she cried suddenly, tears rolling down her cheeks. = ，and tears rolled down her cheeks. “妈妈”，她突然哭了，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。(表伴随)（分词的逻辑主语是tears,句子的主语是she） . 作补足语(谓语动词+宾语+补足语) (非谓语动词常用to do,doing,done)：1感官动词，使役动词+宾语+do做了某事 感官动词，使役动词+ 宾语 + doing正在做某事感官动词，使役动词+宾语+done被动 完成 I saw him crossing the road. 我看到他正在过马路。（指在马路中间或过马路的途中） I saw him cross the road. 我看见他过了马路。（指看见他过了马路这个过程） I saw him beaten black and blue. 我看到他被打得青一块紫一块。（指看见他被打） *巧记感官动词和使役动词-“一感二听三让五看” feel,/ hear, listen to, / let, make, have, /look at, see, , watch, notice, observe 2*help 后面的to do 做宾补 to 可带可不带 3*被动语态+to do They were made to pay back the money.他们被迫还钱。 He was noticed to leave the office.有人注意到他离开了办公室。 4 要求接带to 的不定式作其宾补的动词有：动词+sb+ to do force, tell, invite, expect, wish, advise, warn, cause, order, encourage, persuade, beg, permit, allow等 He advised me to give up smoking.他建议我戒烟。 We encouraged him to try again.我们鼓励他再试试。 At the meeting they invited me to speak.在会议上他们邀请我发言。 4. with 复合结构 ，不是完整的句子with + 宾语 + to do (将来， 主动表被动) with + 宾语 + doing (主动， 现在被动：being done) with + 宾语 + done (过去，被动) 习题1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving 2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written 3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing 4._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing 5.When passing me he pretended _ me. A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen 6.The children insisted _ there on foot. A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going 7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young. A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken 8._ the railway station,we had a break,only _ the train had left. A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering that C.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out 9.With the boy _ the way,we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park. A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led 10._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Being and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful. A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen 11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail 12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face. A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move 13._ is known to all,China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time. A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing 14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded 15.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 16.Please excuse my _ in without _ . A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted 17._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then. A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held 18.Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day? Yes,and I heard this song _ in English. A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung 19.The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday. A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing 20.With the cooking _ ,I went on _ some sewing. A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing 21.It is no use _ your past mistakes. A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted 22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to her,only _ her five children. A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving 23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem _ . A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it out 24.I would appreciate _ back this affernoon. A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 25.Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ . A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired 26.I saw some villagers _ on the bench at the end of the room. A.seating B.seat C.seated D.seated themselves 27.She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking 28.It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow. A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving 29._ maps properly,you need a special pen. A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing 30.There is a river _ around our school. A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running 31.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken 32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. _ when I got home. A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing 33.With the kindhearted boy _ me with my work,Im sure Ill be able to spare time _ with your work. A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you 34.Greatly movedd by her words, _ . A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tears C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears. 35.I hope the children wont touch the dog. Ive warned them _ . A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do 36.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone 37.When _ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing. A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked 38.The man kept silent in the room unless _ . A.spoken to B.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak 39.He was often listened _ in the next room. A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing 40.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle. A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding 41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _ . A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 42.Whats troubling them is _ enough experienced workers. A.that they have to B.they have not C.their not having D.not their having 43._ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A.Not knowing B.Knowing not C.Not having known D.Having not know 44.Bamboo is used _ houses in some places . A.to build B.to building C.to be built D.being built 45.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing 46.The day we looked forward to _ . A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come 47.Whom would you rather _ the work? A.to have to do B.to have do C.have to do D.have do 48.Do you think it any good _ with him again