10英美概况A卷参考答案及评分标准.doc

中南财经政法大学20102011学年第一学期期末考试试卷答案及评分标准课程名称： 英语国家国情A卷 课程代号：考试形式：闭卷、笔试使用对象：商务英语辅修08级I. Multiple choice本大题35个选择题，每题1分, 共35分1-10 CCCAB CCCCC11-20 BDA BA BADDA21-30 AAADB DCBBC31-35 BDDCAII. Judgments本大题10个判断题，每题2分, 共20分F T F F T T T F T FIIITerm explanation本大题5个名词解释题，每题5分, 共25分1. ThatcherismreferredtothepoliciesputforwardbyMargaretThatcher,thefirst womanprimeministerinEnglandin1979.Themaincontentsofherpoliciesincluded thereturntoprivateownershipofstate-ownedindustries,theuseofmonetarist policiestocontrolinflation,theweakeningoftradeunionsthestrengtheningoftheroleofmarketforcesintheeconomy,andanemphasisonlawandorder.TosomeextentherprogramwassuccessfulandsheledoneofthemostremarkableperiodsintheBritisheconomy.2. A Constitutional Monarchy The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: the head of State is a king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule: the United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign, by His or Her Majestys Government a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament. The monarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at least the 9th century. The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only once when, between 1649 and 1660, a republic was established.3. the NATOThe North Atlantic Treaty, signed on April 4, 1949, provided that an attack on any of the parties to the treaty would be regarded as an attack on all, and force, if necessary, would be used to restore and maintain peace and security.4The industrial Revolution (1780-1830) refers to the mechanisation of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.5. the New Dealit was put forward by American President Roosevelt who wanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression at that time. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up some efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to “save American democracy” and to overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to that time.IVWriting本大题2个论述题，每题10分，共20分。Answers for reference:1. 1). Britains favorable climate Britain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east. The temperature varies within a small range. 2).The factors influencing the climate in Britain:a. The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer;的b. The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate;的c. The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.2. The frontiersmen spirit and its influence on American values.The early immigrants who were English Puritans settled down in northeast part of American. The environment there was very rough but they believed the poor land could purify their mind so they chose the place along the coast. From 1607 to 1892, frontiers were pushed further west. The American frontier consisted of the relatively unsettled regions of the United States, usually found in the western part of the country. The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise, opportunity and freedom. Actually they looked for a better life. So individualism, self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage(遗产) of American.3. What do you think of individualism, which is popular with Americans?Individualism, a doctrine holding that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the state or social group, holds that the individual is the primary unit of reality and the ultimate standard of value. This view does not deny that societies exist or that people benefit from living in them, but it sees society as a collection of individuals, not something over and above them. Individualists see people dealing primarily with reality; other people are just one aspect of reality. Collectivists see people dealing primarily with other people; reality is dealt with through the mediator of the group; the group, not the individual, is what directly confronts reality. Individualism holds that every person is an end in himself and that no person should be sacrificed for the sake of another. Individualism holds that the individual is the unit of achievement. While not denying that one person can build on the achievements of others, individualism points out that achievement goes beyond what has already been done; it is something new that is created by the individual. 4. The fast growth of the American economy has been contributable to many factors:1) The geographical location of the U.S. provides very good conditions for the country to grow and become strong.2) the U.S has been by being a land rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, together with a moderate climate.3) American has