电子商务(计算机英语).doc

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE For some time now，large business enterprises have used electronic commerce to conduct their business-to-business transactionsElectronic data interchange（EDI）on private networks began in the 1960s，and banks have been using dedicated networks for electronic funds transfer（EFT）almost as longRecently，however，with the increased awareness and popularity of the Internet，electronic commerce has come to encompass individual consumers as well as businesses of all sizesThe Internet is already changing the way that many companies conduct their businessAs that influence grows，and more companies use the Internet，the possibilities for conducting business-to-business commerce on the Internet will expand greatly，and become more of a routine part of commerce than it is today1Despite electronic commerces past roots in transactions between large corporations，banks，and other financial institutions，the use of the Internet as a way to bring electronic commerce to the individual consumer has led to a shift in viewpointOver the past few years，both the press and the business community have increased their focus on electronic commerce involving the consumerMeanwhile business-to-business electronic commerce is rolling along，stronger than everThe Internet has also given business-to-business electronic commerce a bootsin some cases，smaller companies are now discovering that they can conduct business on line，just like their larger counterpartsAnd businesses of all sizes are finding that they can take advantage of the Internet to lower the cost of electronic commerceeither by replacing other networks，or by using the Internet as another communications medium，converting their business data to digital form，and incorporating it with their business practices2The move for businesses to digitize information isnt newits been going on for more than one decade，and continues to increase sa personal computers become standard business equipment for more and more corporationsWhats making a notable difference to business is that a significant synergy has formed between the use of digital information，computerized business practices，and the Internet3This synergy is what enables electronic commerceBefore we define electronic commerce，consider for a moment what makes up traditional commerceTraditional commerce involves more than just selling an item and collecting the moneyHere is whats actually involved in -the sales cycle of a purchase managed without electronic commerceOnce you realize how many tasks and processes are involved in traditional commerce，you discard the simplistic definition of commerce as just the buying and selling of productsYou should also discard the equally simplistic definition of electronic commerce as merely the conducting of business transactions over electronic networks instead of paper，telephone，couriers，trucks，planes，and other means of moving products and informationTo many，electronic commerce is defined as the buying and selling of products and services over the Internet，but there are many more aspectsFrom its inception4，electronic commerce had included the handling of purchase transactions and funds transfers over computer networksIts grown now to include the buying and selling of new commodities such as electronic informationAnd the opportunities for companies seeking to take advantage of the capabilities of electronic commerce are greater than merely adopting our present view of commerce to performing those same transactions over electronic networks5Then，what is the electronic commerce？Electronic commerce is a system that includes not only those transactions that center on buying and selling goods and services to directly generate revenue，but also those transactions that support revenue generation，such as generating demand for those goods and services，offering sales support and customer service（see Fig. 16-4），or facilitating communications between business partners Electronic commerce builds on the advantages and structures of traditional commerce by adding the flexibilities offered by electronic networksElectronic commerce enables new forms of business，as well as new ways of doing businessAmazoncom，for example，is a bookseller based in Seattle，WashingtonThe company has not physical stores，sells all their books via the Internet，and coordinates deliveries directly with the publishers so they do not have to maintain any inventoryCompanies such as Kantara and softwarenet take this a step furtherBecause all of their products（commercial software packages）are electronic，and can be stored on the same computers that they use for processing orders and serving the Web，their inventory is totally digital6As another example，AMP Incis offering its clients the opportunity to purchase electronic connectors and related components directly from its Web-based catalog，bypassing the need for EDI-based purchase orders and confirmations7NOTES1 长句，由as引导的是由两个并列分句组成的状语从句，主句中possibilities为主语，will expand和become为并列谓语。2 长句，中间插入eitheror方式状语，后面由两个并列的分词短语对前面的方式状语做进一步的修饰；lower为动词。3 Whats为主语从句，that引出的是表语从句。4 inception译为开始。5 view指观点、视图，可译为方式。6 长句，前面大部分为原因状语从句，仅最后的their.为主句。7 bypassing此处理解为无需EDI方式协助。KEYWORDSelectronic commerce电子商务electronic funds transfer（EFT）电子资金传送（转账），电子汇款business-to-business（B to B，B2B）商业对商业EXERCISESTrue / False（1）_Banks have been using private networks for EFT（2）_Electronic commerce is used for large businesses only（3）_B2B commerce on the Internet will become more of a routine part of commerce than it is today（4）_Electronic commerce is considered as the buying and selling goods and services only（5）_We cant buy electronic information through Internet（6）_A company could not adapt the present view of commerce only for performing its same transactions over electronic networks（7）_Electronic commerce supports the transactions generating revenue（8）_Amazon. com is a physical book store（9）_AMP Inc does not need EDI-based purchase orders and confirmations（10）_Electronic commerce enables new forms of business（11）_Internet brings electronic commerce to the individual consumer（12）_Smaller companies have still not discover that they can conduct business on line，just like their larger counterparts翻译：电子商务 一段时间以来，大型商业企业已经利用电子商务软件来进行企业对企业的交易了。在20世纪60年代，在专用网络上开始了电子数据交换（EDI），银行一直在专用网络上使用电子资金转账（EFT）。然而，近来随着人们对因特网的认识增强以及因特网的普及，电子商务已经为个人用户和各种规模的企业所掌握。 因特网在改变着很多公司经营业务的方式。随着这种影响的扩大和更多的公司使用因特网，在因特网上的企业对企业的商务活动功能将大为扩展，与目前相比，会更大程度地成为商务日常工作。 尽管电子商务过去已在大公司、银行和其他财政部门之间的交易中立足，但因特网的应用将电子商务带给了个人客户，从而带来了观念上的改变。过去几年，印刷业和商业团体已经加强了对涉及客户的电子商务的关注。 同时，企业对企业的电子商务正在不断向前发展，比任何时刻都强大。因特网也给了企业对企业的电子商务一个推动力一一在某些情况下，一些小型公司正在发现他们可以像那些大公司一样进行在线商务。各种规模的企业也都发现他们能利用因特网的优点去降低电子商务的费用或者通过取代其他网络，或者将因特网作为另一种通信媒体，将他们的商业数据转换为数字形式，并将其与商业惯例相互配合。 商业向数字化信息推进也不是新事这已经进行了十几年了，并且由于个人计算机已经变成越来越多公司的标准商业设备而继续发展。对商业来讲，特别不同的是在数字信息应用、计算机化的商业惯例和因特网之间已经形成了重要的协同关系，这种协同使得电子商务成为可能。 在定义电子商务之前，考虑一下是什么构成了传统的商务。传统商务所包括的不只是售物和收款。实际还包括了在没有电子商务情况下的购物销售周期的管理。 一旦认识到在传统商务中包含了多少任务和过程，人们就不会再将商务简单地定义为只是产品的买卖。也不会简单地认为，电子商务仅