专题2形容词和副词.ppt

专题二 形容词和副词,一、定语的一般顺序 限定词(定冠词/不定冠词/物主代词/指示代词)表示顺序的词(序数词/only, same, next, last 等)表示数目的词(基数词/many, other, several 等)描述性形容词(beautiful, interesting 等)(大小/长短/高低/新旧/样式)颜色类属性形容词(British, English, adult, Pacific 等)名词(history, oil, maths, flower 等)。如：the first two beautiful little yellow wooden flower vases (花瓶)。,巧记1：县官行令杀国材。(“县”指限定词，“官”指观点、看法，“行”指形状，“令”指年龄，“杀”指色彩，“国”指国籍，“材”指材料。) 巧记2：描绘形状大长高，新旧颜色老与少，(再看)国籍和材料，作用类别(往后靠)。 巧记3：美(描述性形容词)小(大小)圆(形状)旧(新旧)又黄(颜色)，那是法国(国籍)木(材料)书(类别)房。,二、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法 1原级比较的基本用法 (1)在肯定句中，用“as原级as”的结构。 He is as good a worker as Peter.(He is a worker as good as Peter.He is such a good worker as Peter.) 他和彼得一样是个好工人。 My handwriting is as beautiful as yours. 我的书法和你的一样好。 She cant use the computer so/as well as you.她没你会使用计算机。,(2)在否定句中，用“as/so原级as”的结构。 I am not as/so busy as I used to be.我没有过去那么忙了。 (3)“as.as.”结构中，第一个 as 为副词，第二个 as 为连词。 We have produced as many tractors as we did last year.我们生产的拖拉机的数量和去年一样多。 Henry is a student as good as Peter. (Henry is as good a student as Peter. Henry is such a good student as Peter.)亨利和彼得一样是个好学生。,2比较级 (1)运用“比较级than”的结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年轻多了。 She doesnt work harder than you(do)她工作不如你努力。 表示两者程度不同的其他结构，可用more than(多于)，not more than(不多于)，less than(少于)，not less than(至少)，lessadj.than(不如)等。 We havent got more than one hour left right now.我们现在还有不到一个小时了。 It is less cold today than it was yesterday.今天没有昨天冷。,特别提醒：many more 只能修饰可数名词复数形式。 much more 既可修饰不可数名词，也可构成比较级。 many more workers 还有很多工人 much more money 还有很多钱 much more important 更重要的 (3)“比较级and比较级”结构表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意为“越来越”。 As summer is coming，the day is becoming longer and longer.夏天到了，天变得越来越长了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美。,(4)“the比较级()，the比较级()”，这种句式用来表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意为“越(就)越”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，出现的问题就越少。 The harder you work，the better youll learn.你越努力，学得越好。 (5)the比较级of the two名词结构。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中比较高的那个是我弟弟。,3最高级 最高级表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高的比较方式，其句式为：“the形容词最高级名词表示范围的短语或从句”和“the副词最高级表示范围的短语或从句”结构。 Jack is the tallest student in his class.杰克是他班上最高的学生。 He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class.他是班上说得最少干得最多的。 most 前如若没有定冠词 the，就没有比较的意思，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。,This is a most interesting story.这是一个很有趣的故事。 Annie is most hardworking.安妮非常用功。 常用的修饰语有序数词以及 much，(by)far，far and away，nearly，almost 等。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。 Of the three girs, Betty is much the cleverest.这三个女孩中，贝蒂是最聪明的。,Of all the students，Jacks oral English is almost the best.在所有的学生中，杰克的英语口语几乎是最好的。 This is(by)far the best book that Ive ever read.(This is the best book by far that Ive ever read.)这是我读过的最好的书。,特别提醒：much，far，far and away 放在最高级之前，by far 可置于最高级前也可置于其后。,三、形容词和副词的特殊表达法 1形容词与副词的同级比较：除由“as(so)as”引出，其否定式为“not so.as”或“not as.as”外，考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子： (1)as such：表示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child，and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子，必须被当作孩子对待。,(2)as much：表示“与同量” Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就算价格再贵一倍，我也会愿意把它买下的。 He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。 (3)as many：表示“与一样多” I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在6行中发现了6个错。,2表示“几倍于”的比较级 用 twice (两倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上 as.as结构： This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍大。(这个比那个大三倍。) Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍。 He has books twice as many as she does. 他的书比她的多一倍。 3“the same名词as”表示同级比较,4比较级前可用 a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot, many, much 等词语表示不定量；far, completely, still 表示程度或更进一步。 5与比较级有关的特殊短语用法 (1)no more than.(not any more than)表示“只不过”，“并不比”。 Man cannot live without food any more than plants cannot grow without sunshine. 人没有食物不能生存，植物没有阳光也不能生长。,(2)no less than.表示“不亚于；多达”。 There are no less than five hundred people present at the New Year party. 出席新年晚会的有500人之多。 (3)not less than.表示“不少于” There are not less than five hundred people present at the New Year party. 出席新年晚会的只有500人。(出席的人不太多),(4)had better 最好 Come，you had much better have the thing out at once. 来，你最好把这东西弄出去。 (5)less than 不到 The first steam locomotive could have a top speed of only thirteen mph(miles per hour)and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed. 第一列蒸汽火车最快速度每小时只有13英里，那时的大船还不到这个速度的一半。,(6)little more than 差不多 The grain in their barn is little more than that of ours. 他们仓库的粮食跟我们的差不多。 (7)more than 超过，不止 I have waited for you for more than two hours. 我已经等了你两个多小时。 (8)more or less 大体上，或多或少 The work is more or less finished.工作大体上算完成了。,(9)other than 除了 They imposed no preconditions other than that the meeting should be held in their capital. 除了会议要在他们的首都开之外，他们没有提出任何先决条件。 (10)rather than 而不是，与其宁愿(rather than表示“与其宁愿”时，如果位于句首引导句子，有虚拟的成分，相当于“.would rather than”，所以 rather than 后面跟动词原形),Read what interests you；read what you have time for magazines and newspapers rather than novels. 读你感兴趣的东西，读你有时间读的东西，如杂志和报纸而不是小说。,6比较中的省略 (1)在 as.as 中，as 从句可省略整个谓语部分，保留主语 She sings as well as her sister. 她跟她姐姐唱得一样好。(省去了does) (2)可以省去部分谓语，保留主语和 be，have 或助动词 Susan has done as much housework as you have.(省去了done) 苏珊跟你一样已干完了家务。 (3)可以省去主语和谓语，只剩下状语 It is not as cold in Beijing as in Datong. 北京的天气没有大同冷。,(4)than 从句也可以省去整个谓语部分，保留主语 They say that blood is thicker than water，that our relatives are more important to us than others. 他们说血浓于水，亲属对我们来说比其他人更重要。 (5)than 从句省去部分谓语，保留主语和 be，have 或助动词。 The whitecollar workers earn more than the bluecollar workers do.白领工人比蓝领工人挣钱多。 这时，我们可以进行倒装，即将 than 后从句中的 be，have 或助动词移到该从句的前面。,(6)than 从句可以省去主语和部分谓语，保留宾语 Grandma gives more candies to her grandson than her granddaughter. 奶奶给孙子的糖比给孙女的多。(省去了she gives candies to) (7)than 从句可以省去主语和谓语，保留状语 There are more books in this library than in that library. 这个图书馆的书比那个多。 (省去了there are many books) She is much better than yesterday. 她比昨天好多了。(省去了she was),(8)than 从句可以省去主语，保留部分谓语。 His speed of doing the work was much faster than had expected.他干此事的速度远比预料的快。(省去了 he 或 we) (9)有时可以省去整个 than 从句 He is much healthier and happier. 他比以往任何时候都健康幸福。(省去了 than he was ever before) (10)为了避免重复，我们经常用 that 代替不可数名词，those 代替复数名词，one 代替可数名词单数。,7其他有关比较的习惯表达法 (1)“as形容词(副词)as possible”结构，表示“最，尽可能”：as quickly as possible(尽可能快)。 (2)sooner or later是成语，表示“迟早、早晚”。 (3)“would rather动词原形than.”是惯用句型，表示“宁愿而不愿”，连词 than 要求前后所比较的成分要一致。,8most 的相关用法 有时 most 并不表示“最”，而是做副词表示“非常”之意。其实它是 much 的最高级，作形容词用是“大多数”之意，前面不加 the。另外 much 与 to 构成介词短语，表示“在很大程度上使”，that 也可以作副词用，表示“如此，那么”，相当于 so。,名校模拟演练,1(2010长春调研)Do you think an advertisement is a help when you look for a job? Well, it depends. _， it gives me a chance to try. AOtherwise BAnyway CSomewhat DTherefore 解析：考查副词。anyway“不管怎样，无论如何”，符合语意。somewhat“有点儿，有几分”，otherwise“否则，不然”，therefore“因此，所以”，都与题意不符。 答案：B,2(2010福建六校三联)Keeping _ hours does good to your _. Acommon; health Bregular; health Cfamiliar; healthy Dusual; healthy 解析：考查形容词和名词的用法。do good to.中to为介词，后应接名词，排除C、D两项；common表示“常见的”，regular表示“有规律的”，根据题干内容可知regular符合题意。keep regular hours意思是“有规律地生活，按时作息”。语意：有规律地生活对健康有利。 答案：B,3(2010北京东城期末)The differences between American and British English are _ in the spoken form than in the written form. Agreat Bgreater Cgreatest Dthe greatest 解析：考查形容词比较级。语意：美式英语与英式英语在口语上的差别远大于在书面上的差别。根据语意和than可以判断，这里选B项。 答案：B,4(2010上海春招)Ernest visited the South Pole because he wanted to see one of the _ regions in the world. Acolder Bcoldest Cmore coldly Dmost coldly 解析：考查形容词最高级。语意：Ernest去了南极，因为他想要去看看世界上最冷的地方。这里应该用最高级the coldest，故选B项。 答案：B,5(2010成都市摸底测试)Young drivers under 25 have the highest number of accidents while those over 50 have _. Athe less Bthe fewest Cthe least Dthe fewer 解析：考查比较等级。语意：25岁以下的年轻司机发生的交通事故最多，而那些50岁以上的司机发生的交通事故最少。while表示的是对比关系，根据the highest可知这里用the fewest。least的原形是little，用来修饰不可数名词，而此处的被修饰词是accidents，因此C项错误。 答案：B,6(2010重庆巴蜀中学)Now that you like the personal computer very much, isnt it a good idea to get one? Well, Id like to but I cant afford _ computer at present. Athat expensive a Ba such cheap Cthat an expensive Dso cheap 解析：根据所给语境可知说话人目前买不起一台如此昂贵的电脑，此处的that是副词，相当于so。 答案：A,7(2010黄冈中学)Authorities face a(n) _ task to persuade typhoon survivors to abandon their floodstricken villages and relocate to lower and safer