2019高中英语Unit2SailingtheoceansSectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage教案.docx

Section Learning about Language.高频单词点击1swoop vi.突降；猛扑2parcel n. 小包；包裹3peck vt. & vi. 啄食4cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁5expedition n远征；探险(队)expeditionary adj.远征的；探险的6compulsory adj. 必须做的；必修的7reform n改革；革新.重点短语必记1far away from远离2next to 仅邻着3be determined to do sth. 决定做某事4set out 出发；动身5so as to 为了(做)6owing to 由于7be recognized as 被认定为.常用句型必备1Once_there，it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest.2There_seemed_to_be_nowhere_to_hide but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it.3He had not_only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration，but_also a real concern for sailors health.单元语法聚焦The Predicate(谓语动词)单词点击1swoop vi. 猛扑(常与down连用)；突降The bird swooped down to the lake.这只鸟猛扑到湖上。The children swooped down to the pile of presents.孩子们向那堆礼物冲了过去。 (1)The aircraft_(俯冲) over the fields in search of its target.(2)We watch the hawk_(扑向) its prey.答案：(1)swooped down(2)swoop on2compulsory adj.必须做的；必修的；被强迫的，义务的Is English a compulsory subject？英语是必修科目吗？Education is compulsory in Britain.在英国实行义务教育。compulsory adj.强制的optional adj.可任选的compel vt. 强迫opt vt.选择Chinese is a compulsory subject on this course；art is optional.这个课程里，汉语是必修科目，美术是选修科目。 Education is_for all children in many countries.AcompulsiveBcompulsoryCdemanded Dclaimed解析：选Bcompulsive强迫性的；情不自禁的；作“强迫的”时，指一般的外力所迫使；demanded被强烈要求的，强调有权利或需要坚持得到，有时表现出一种跋扈专横；claimed合理要求的，强调有权或宣称有权得到所需要的；compulsory指法律或规章的强制性，义务教育是法律规定的。因此B项正确。短语精析1be determined to do“决定/心做某事”，为系表结构，着重于有决心的状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。He is determined to become a teacher.他决心当一名教师。I am determined to do better than Mike.我决心比迈克做得更好。determine to do sth.动作决定做某事determine that . 决定He determined to set out early.他决定早点动身。 He started working hard at his lessons，_to get the first place.Adetermine BdeterminedCdetermining Dto determine解析：选B此处为分词短语作状语，表示状态。2set out出发，动身They set out on the last stage of their journey.他们动身踏上最后一段行程。set out to do sth.开始做某事set about doing sth. 开始做某事She sets out to break the world record.她一心努力打破世界纪录。 He_on a pleasant journey tomorrow morning.Awill set about Bwill set outCwill set up Dwill set down解析：选Bset about开始做某事；set out出发，动身；set up搭配，建起；set down写下，放下。B项符合句意。3so as to为了He got up early so as to catch the early bus.他早起床是为了赶上早班车。so as to，in order to(1)两者均为动词不定式作目的状语时的特殊结构。so as to不能位于句首；in order to既可位于句首，也可位于句中或句末。(2)两者均可扩展为结果状语从句，即so that从句或in order that从句。同样so that从句不能位于句首。(3)注意：so as to(以便，为了)，为目的状语；so.as to(如此以至于)，为结果状语。 We do morning exercises so as to build our body_build our body，we do morning exercises.We do morning exercises_ we could build our body.We do morning exercises_we could build our body.答案：In order toso thatin order that4owing to由于，因为They could not cross the river owing to the flood.由于洪水，他们不能过河。Owing to the immediate danger of war，there will be an extraordinary meeting of Parliament tonight.由于即将发生的战争危险，今晚议会将召开特别会议。表示“因为”的常见短语还有：because of, due to, thanks to, as a result of, on account of Because of his careless driving，we had a bad accident._his careless driving，we had a bad accident.答案：Owing to5be recognized as被认定为Bell is recognized as the first person to invent the telephone.贝尔被认定为发明电话的第一人。recognize是“认出”以前know“认识”的人或物。recognize sb./ones voice/handwriting认出某人/某人的声音/字迹recognize ones mistake承认某人的错误recognize sb.as/to be. 承认某人是I have known him for ten years.But I didnt recognize him just now because he had changed so much.我认识他十年了。但他变化太大了，我刚才没有认出来。 We havent seen for a long time，and I didnt_you at the first sight.AknowBrecognizeChear Dlisten解析：选Brecognize为“认出”；know为“认识”。故B项符合此处句意。句型归纳1Once_there，it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest.一旦到了那儿，它就摇动全身并把塞缪尔扔向了约是它窝巢的那个方向。once there是状语从句once it was there的省略形式。在状语从句中， 经常见到这种省略现象。若(时间、条件、地点、让步、方式或比较等)状语从句能够满足以下两个条件，从句就可以使用省略形式：(1)恰当的从属连词。常用的有when，where，if，once，while，as，as if，though，whenever，than等；(2)从句主语与主句主语指的是相同的人或物，或者从句的主语是it，且从句谓语有be动词。这时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。Ill go and pick you up if (it is) necessary.如有必要，我开车去接你。She picked up some English when (she was) in Washington.在华盛顿时，他学了些英语。The conference went smoothly though (it was) not organized properly.尽管会议组织得不好，却很顺利。When (she was) asked about her families，she began to weep.当问到她的家庭时，她开始抽泣。 When first_to the market，these products enjoyed great success.Aintroducing BintroducedCintroduce Dbeing introduced解析：选B主句的主语与从句的主语都是these products，所以从句可用省略形式。主语与introduce之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词。2There_seemed_to_be_nowhere_to_hide but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it. 似乎是没有地方可以藏身，但是后来他注意到在他的左边有一些水草并且他迅速地藏在了水草下面。There seems/appears to be.看起来好像有There seems to be something wrong with it.它好像有点儿毛病。there be结构中可以加上一些词表示特殊的意义，类似的还有：There must be.一定有There may be. 可能有There happens to be. 碰巧有There used to be. 过去常有There is going to be. 将要有There will be. 将会有There is said/reported(/.)to be. 据说/报道()有What a pity my new computer doesnt work.There must be something wrong with it.很遗憾，我的新电脑不好用了。它一定是坏了。There happens to be a mistake.碰巧有一个错误。there be句型中容易出错的地方：(1)不能用has或have代替there be句型中的be。(2)there being结构在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句，因此主句中就不再用任何连词。There being no bus, we had to walk home.There was no bus, so we had to walk home.没有公交车了，因此我们只好步行回家。 (1)There has a baby over there._(2)There being no further business，so the chairman closed the meeting._(3)There is report to be a number of the wounded on both sides._答案：(1)has改为is(2)去掉so(3)report改为reported3He had not_only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration，but_also a real concern for sailors health.他不但有杰出的航海和探险本领，而且真正关心水手的健康。not only.but also“不但而且”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语在人称和数上保持一致；连接谓语动词时，not前不可有助动词；连接分句时，若not only位于句首，not only分句要用倒装语序。Not only you but also I am responsible for it.不仅你而且我也有责任。Not only was everything he had taken away from him，but also his citizenship.不仅他所有的一切都被带走了，而且他的国籍也被没收了。 _ to help us, but he also wanted to lend us some money.ANot only promised he BNot only did he promiseCNot only he promised DNot only he did promise解析：选Bnot only放在句子开头连接分句时，not only所在的分句需要用部分倒装。谓 语 动 词谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。1及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词(1)需要跟宾语的动词为及物动词。及物动词后面可以跟单宾语、双宾语或者复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)。单宾语He made the shortest speech Ive ever heard.他做了我所听过的最短的演讲。双宾语Mr.Schell wrote New York Times a letter the other day.几天前Schell 先生给纽约时报写了一封信。宾语宾语补足语(常用于使役动词、感官动词、介词with，without，like以及其他部分动词后面。)Have you found English difficult to speak?你发现英语难说吗？The big pine tree stood there like an umbrella covering the house.耸立在那边的那棵大松树像一把雨伞遮住了房子。(2)不需要跟宾语的动词是不及物动词。Donald was lying on the bed.Donald躺在床上。All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming.所有的树叶都落了，冬天就要到来了。几个不及物动词后加同源名词时变成了及物动词They are living a peaceful life.他们过着平静的生活。He died a heroic death.他死得很英勇。The girl laughed a merry laugh.女孩愉快地笑了。He sighed a deep sigh.他深叹了一口气。许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词(3)连系动词虽然本身具有一定意思，但不能独立作谓语，需要带有表语才能构成谓语。They have remained loyal to the government.他们一直忠诚于政府。His body was the color of bronze.他的身体呈青铜色。2短语动词(1)动词副词Please put on your coat.请穿上大衣。(2)动词介词The other day I came across a foreigner in the countryside.几天前我在乡下碰见了一个外国人。(3)动词副词介词Please keep up with others.请跟上其他人。3情态动词实义动词You should not have done so.你不该那样做。4主谓一致英语句子中的主语和谓语应在人称和数上保持一致。这被称作主谓一致。它主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。(1)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。Mr.Black is a wellknown scientist on AIDS.布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病科学家。These books are intended for children under nine years old.这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。(2)意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。Three months has passed since you left.(three months被看作一个时间整体，表示单数概念。)你已离开三个月了。The old are taken very good care of in our city.(the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，表示复数概念。)在我们城市老年人被照顾得很好。(3)邻近一致原则邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。)他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。)不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。 1(天津高考)My parents always _ great importance to my getting a good education.Ahave BattachCaccept Dpay解析：选B考查固定搭配。句意：我父母一直认为我接受良好的教育非常重要。attach importance/value to是一个固定搭配，表示“认为很重要/很有价值”。2(浙江高考)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to _ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later.Ashare BrealizeCignore Dcause解析：选C考查动词辨析。句意：上周，我的头被网球击到，但是我尽力忽视疼痛，相信疼痛迟早会消失的。ignore“忽视，无视”。3(天津高考)The two countries are going to meet to _ some barriers to trade between them.Amake up Buse upCturn down Dbreak down解析：选D考查动词短语辨析。句意：这两个国家即将会晤以消除他们之间的一些贸易障碍。由题干中的some barriers可知，这里指“消除”，故选break down。A项“组成；编造”；B项“用尽”；C项“拒绝”。4(福建高考)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can _ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.Acatch sight of Bget hold ofCtake charge of Dmake mention of解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，还利用一切机会提高自己。catch sight of“看见”；get hold of“找到，得到，抓住”；take charge of“负责”；make mention of“提到”。根据句意可知是找到 (get hold of)一切与音乐有关的东西。5(福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.Awere invited Bwas invitedChave been invited Dhas been invited解析：选B考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年台北花博会的开幕式上演出。首先，结合句意可知应用一般过去时描述过去的行为；其次，as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应和前面的主语保持人称和数的一致，本句谓语应与the famous musician一致，用第三人称单数形式，故选B。6(江苏高考)Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.Ais BareCwas Dwere解析：选A考查主谓一致和时态。从题干可以看出本题的主语是students inner motivation，因此谓语动词用单数形式。根据题中的generally可知应用一般现在时态。故选A。.单项填空1(全国卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.Awear BwearsChas worn Dhave worn解析：选B考查时态和主谓一致。who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词前有the only限制，所以从句用单数谓语动词，再结合本句语意可知用一般现在时。2(重庆高考)The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.Aremains Bis remainedCis remaining Dhas been remained解析：选A考查动词。remain是不及物动词，故没有被动语态，排除B、D两项，表示“存在”意义的状态性动词一般不用于进行时，所以此处用一般现在时。3(陕西高考)Ralph WEmerson would always _ new ideas that occurred to him.Aset off Bset aboutCset up Dset down解析：选D考查动词短语辨析。句意：爱默生经常写下他想到的那些新主意。根据句意，表示“写下，记下”，要用set down。set off“动身”，set about“开始做某事”，set up“建立”，均不符合句子的语境。故答案为D。4(江苏高考)Dad, I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and _.Apay him back Bpay him offCput him away Dput him off解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。根据句意可知，Oliver 不能胜任这份工作，因此父亲决定付清工钱打发他走，pay sb.off表示“付清工资解雇某人”。pay sb.back“报复”；put sb.away“把某人送进监狱或精神病院”；put sb.off“使某人分心”。5I called Hannah many times yesterday evening，but I couldnt get through.Her brother_on the phone all the time!Awas talking Bhas been talkingChas talked Dtalked解析：选A本题给出的时态依据应该是yesterday evening，因此待填的时态就应考虑过去时态，另外，此处表示talk的动作是持续不断的，所以应用过去进行时。6Young couples in China rushed to register their marriage on Jan 3rd, 2014, because the pronunciation of the number “201413” in Chinese _ “love you all my life”Astands out Bstands forClooks out Dlooks for 解析：选B句意：年轻男女在2014年1月3日涌入婚姻登记处，因为数字201413的发音在汉语中代表“爱你一世一生”。stand out“突出；显眼”；stand for“代表”；look out“往外看；注意”；look for“寻找”。7When he realized the police had spotted him，the man_the exit as quickly as possible.Amade off Bmade forCmade out Dmade up解析：选B句意：当他意识到警察认出他时，他以最快的速度向出口走去。从the exit来判断，是要表达向出口方向移动，那么make for(走向)最为合适。make off“逃走”，但不能直接接the exit；make out“假装，认出”；make up“补充，虚构”。8The water_cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.Awas felt BfeltCis felt Dfeels解析：选Bfeel在此处是系动词，与其后的cool构成系表结构，不能用于被动句。由从句可知应用过去时。9_Ted Greens new car?No，when did you see it?He_me a ride to the store yesterday.AHave you seen；gave BDo you see；gaveCWill you see；has given DDid you see；has given解析：选A“你看到过Ted Green的新车吗？”看似与现在无关，其实不然，它所隐含的意思是：“我现在知道新车的样子。”故选A。10Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still _ the traditional customs.Aobserve BpossessCperform Dsupport解析：选A句意：尽管已经在国外居住了很多年了，但是许多中国人仍然遵循着中国传统习俗。observe“遵循；遵守；观察；庆祝”；possess“拥有”；perform“履行；表演；表现”；support“支持；支撑”。.完形填空The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world._1_springs and streams sometimes means control，particularly in the _2_areas like the desert.The control is possible even without possession of large areas of _3_land.In the early days of the American West，gun fights were not _4_for the water resources.And laws had to be _5_to protect the water rights of the _6_and the use of the water resources accordingly._7_is known to us all，there is not _8_water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes.Deciding on the _9_of water that will be used in any particular period _10_careful planning，so that people can manage and use water more _11_.Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water _12_the water supply forecast.The _13_water supply forecast is based more on the water from the _14_than from the below.Interest is _15_in the ways to increase rainfall by manmade methods，and to get water from the winter snow on mountain _16_.With special equipment，some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be _17_，and with the help of a repeater station，they send the _18_data to the base station.The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by _19_a button.In the near future，the forecast and use of water _20_probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains，not of water underground.1A.Using BHoldingCOwning DFinding解析：选C从后文可以看出：因为地球上的水资源不够充分，所以凡是有泉水的地方就意味着控制。2A.dry BdistantCdeserted Dwild解