非谓语动词做状语.ppt

Welcome to our class！,非谓语动词,过去分词 v-ed,不定式to do,动名词,现在分词,Revision,分 词,-ing 形式,动名词-ing,现在分词v-ing,动词不定式的使用,To do like that is foolish.,I want to see you,I am to visit you,He has lots of work to do.,I study hard to improve English.,The teacher ask me to answer the question.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,1.主语 swimming is my hobby. 2. 宾语 I like swimming. 3. 表语 My hobby is swimming. 4. 定语 I want to buy a swimming suit.,动名词可以以下成分:,1.表语 The music is moving. 2. 定语 I dont like the people talking loudly in public. 3. 宾补 We heard her singing in her room. 4. 状语 Reading a newspaper, She sat at the table.,现在分词可以以下成分:,1.表语 The teacher is moved. 2. 定语 I dont like the man talked about at the party. 3. 宾补 We heard a song sung in her room. 4. 状语 Lost in a newspaper, She didnt notice me.,过去分词可以以下成分:,非谓语动词的句法功能,主语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语,状语,主语,宾语,表语,定语,表语,宾补,定语,状语,非谓语动词，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。 The girl is Mary. If I am given more time, I ll catch up with you. The girl dancing in the hall is Mary. Given more time, Ill catch up with you.,主语,系(谓语),表语,非谓语动词（定）,非谓语动词（状语）,连词,主语,谓语,宾,谓语,Analyze the sentence：划分句子结构,观察下列例句, 找出非谓语动词, 并且判断做 什么成分. ( ) 1. Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. 2. Being ill, he didnt go to school. ( ) 3. Working hard, you will do well in your exams. ( ) 4.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan ( ) 5.They went into the room, laughing and talking. ( ) 6. To make much progress in English, he studies hard. ( ),观察下列例句, 找出非谓语动词, 并且判断做 什么成分. ( ) 1. Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. 2. Being ill, he didnt go to school. ( ) 3. Working hard, you will do well in your exams. ( ) 4.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan. ( ) 5.They went into the room, laughing and talking. ( ) 6. To make much progress in English, he studies hard. ( ),观察下列例句, 找出非谓语动词, 并且判断做 什么成分 ( ) 1. Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. 2. Being ill, he didnt go to school. ( ) 3. Working hard, you will do well in your exams. ( ) 4.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan ( ) 5.They went into the room, laughing and talking. ( ) 6. To make much progress in English, he studies hard. ( ),原因状语,条件状语,结果状语,伴随状语,目的状语,时间状语,非谓语动词做状语的形式： doing/ having done done/being done/having been done to do/ to be done 二. 做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后 三. 高考易混点,1)分词作状语,主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生,主动，先于谓语动词发生,被动,被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首,被动，先于谓语动词发生,2) 不定式做状语,1.Seeing from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. 2. The lawyer listened with full attention, trying not to miss any point. 3. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 4. Having waited in the queue for half of an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.,一. doing/having done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词为主动关系， having done 强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。,After the old man _ in the queue for half an hour, he suddenly realized he had,had waited,1. Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 2. Compared with those who lived in the slums, Children here are really lucky. 3. Having been separated from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. 4. Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. 5. Being repaired, the access to the museum is locked.,二. done/being done/having been done 做状语 主语与非谓语动词之间为被动关系； having been done 发生在主句谓语动词之前,1. Not to fail the examination, all the students are studying hard. 2. He hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left. 3. He hurried to the booking office only to find that all the tickets had been sold out. 4. I feel greatly honored to be welcomed into their society.,三. to do 做目的，原因，结果状语 to be done 是被动结构,目的状语,结果状语,结果状语,原因状语,表目的,表 原 因,表 结 果,不定式作状语,2) 不定式做状语,I study hard _ the people well.,to serve,To serve the people well, I study hard. (置于句首加强语气),In order to serve the people well, I study hard.(更加强语气),I study hard so as to serve the people well. (不可用于句首),表目的,He is lucky _ here on time.,to get,I am happy _ you again.,Li Ming seemed willing _ that.,I am sorry _ that.,to see,to do,to hear,(作原因状语时常修饰表感情的形容词,表示产生这种感情的原因.),表 原 因,I hurried to get there only to find him out.,He hurried to the station, only to be told the bus had left.,1）(only to do 表示意料之外的结果) 2）tooto/ enough to /so as to,表 结 果,His family was too poor to support him,He is old enough to go to school.,The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower. 这房子又高又窄，像一座塔,不定式做状语时应该注意：,1not/never tooto do, toonot to do, but/only too to do, too ready to do, too eager to do表示肯定意义。 He is too careful not to have noticed that. 他那么小心,肯定会注意到那一点的。 She is too sad not to help crying. 她那么伤心，忍不住哭了。 I am only too glad to help you.我很高兴能帮助你。 I am only never too glad to know you. 认识你我再高兴不过了。 Mary was only too ready to help others. 玛丽总是乐于助人. You cannot be too careful when you drive car. 你开车时无论怎么小心都不过分。,1)分词作状语,主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生,主动，先于谓语动词发生,被动,被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首,被动，先于谓语动词发生,1.表时间,2.表原因,4.表方式,伴随,5.表结果,现在分词做状语,3.表让步,1.表时间,2.表原因,4.表伴随,5.表结果,过去分词做状语,3.表条件、让步,A.作时间状语： When they heard the bad news，they couldnt help crying. = _ (hear) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. When we were taken around the city, we were deeply impressed by the citys new look. When _ around the city, we were deeply impressed by the citys new look. After he finished his work, he went home. _ his work, he went home.,Hearing,taken,Having finished,B.作原因状语： Because he was poor, he could not afford to travel abroad. =_ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad. _ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder. _ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post. _ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away. _ (not know) her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.,Being poor,Encouraged,Lost,Frightened,Not knowing,Because I hadnt received his letter, I decided to call him up. =_ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up. _ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost.,Not having received,Having never been,C.方式/伴随状语: She watched the film, _ (weep ) and _ (sigh). The teacher stood there, _ (surround) by a lot of students. D.作条件状语： If I were given another chance, I would have done the job far better. = _ another chance, I would have done the job far better. (If) _ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time.,weeping,sighing,surrounded,Given,Playing,E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果) The hunters fired, _(shoot) one of the wolves. The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _ (cause) the delay. 区别: 不定式表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station, only _ (find) the train had left. F.作让步状语： Though it heavily rained heavily, it cleared up very soon. = _, it cleared up very soon. Though _ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.,shooting,causing,to find,Raining heavily,told,分词作状语时, 需注意: A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是_ _ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city. B.分词短语的位置: 一般来说,时间,原因,条件,让步等分词短语多放在句首; 而表结果,伴随的分词短语放在句尾. Finding the door locked, Tom went home. ( _ ) Tom went home, finding the door locked. （_）,主句的主语,Seen,Seeing,原因,结果,二. 非谓语动词做状语 的解题方法,（一）析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”,_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .,A. Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D.Though he was told,C,A,注意连词,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。,（二）找逻辑主语,1. They went into the room, laughing and talking. 2. Given more time, I can do better.,一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的 _.,主语,1. _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 2. _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen,the stadium,the astronaut,Seen,Seeing,1. _ different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the mainly similarities. 2. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compared B. Comparing C. To compare,Comparing,we,the biggest ocean,We compare the biggest ocean with/to the size of the whole ocean. = The biggest ocean is compared with/to the size of the whole earth.,（三）辨逻辑关系,即判断主被动,Compared,（四）判动词先后,_ the old man, the young people started walking slowly. Followed B. Following C. To follow D. Having followed 2. _ the fruit, the girl became pregnant and gave a birth to a handsome boy. Having swallowed B. Swallowing C. To swallow,Following,Having swallowed,C,1._ yourself to sunlight for too much time , you will get your skin sun-burnt. _ to sunlight for too much time, your skin will be harmed. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Exposing D. After being exposed 2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,A,A,Test yourself,3. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 4. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 5. The idea for the new plan came to his mind, _to his experiment in the lab. Awhile devoting B.while devoting himself Cwhile he was devoted D. while devoted,D,D,C,形成性检测 1. 改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语(C级) 1.Look round when you cross the street. 2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter. 3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long. 4.Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other. 5.A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.,when crossing the street,When hearing the news,Being rather weak,when introduced to each other, mixed with snow,6.While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours. 7.The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson. 8.The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful. 9.There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave. 10.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.,covering,disclosing,Bye - bye!,Bye - bye!,As soon as they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying.,Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying,On hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.,(doing 动作一发生, 主句动作立即发生),1.表时间,While she was playing the piano, she got very excited.,While playing the piano, she got very excited.,(doing 动作进行中, 主句动作发生了.这时when 或 while一般要加上。),1.表时间,Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.,After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.,After he had turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.,(doing动作完成后, 主句动作才发生.),1.表时间,As he forgot his manners, he put his feet up on the desk.,Forgetting his manners, he put his feet up on the desk.,Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,(doing动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生.),Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,2.表原因,Because/ As he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week.,Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week.,(doing动作发生在主句动作之前，用doing的完成式.),2.表原因,Although he worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food.,Although working from morning till night, he didnt get enough food.,(although/ even if/ even though + doing.),3.表让步,They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom.,They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.,(表方式和伴随时, 谓语动作是主要的,doing是次要动作.),4.表方式,伴随,The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so it caused the delay.,The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.,5.表结果,1.表时间,2.表原因,4.表伴随,5.表结果,过去分词做状语,3.表条件、让步,When the city is seen from the hill, it is beautiful.,Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.,1.表时间,Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, the boys ran into the building.,As the boys were confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, they ran into the building.,2.表原因,Even though defeated again, the scientist didnt give up.,(一般来讲,时间,原因,条件,让步状语多放与句首,结果,伴随,方式状语多放在句末.),Given more water, the fish couldnt die.,3.表条件、让步,现在分词作状语,doing与句子的主语是主动关系,即主语是doing动作的执行者.,过去分词做状语, done与句子的主语是被动关系,即主语是done动作的承受者.,分词作状语时前面可用连词,1. when, while, once, if, unless, though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。 While walking along the street early in the morning, he saw her. 一早在街上散步时，他看到了她。 If falling ill, Ill see my doctor.如果生病我会去看医生。 Once completed, this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.这个电站一旦建成，将向附近的城乡供电。 Even though given every opportunity, they would not try. 即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。 Though knowing the truth, he remained silent. 虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。 Unless invited, I am not going abroad. 除非受到邀请，要不然我是不会出国的。,分词或分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相同（即保持一致）,否则句子是错误的。,Entering the room, I found the walls newly-painted. 我走进房间时，发现墙壁油漆一新。 Entering the room，the first thing that met eyes was the newly-painted walls Badly wounded, the soldier was sent to hospital at once 士兵受了重伤，立即被送到医院。 Badly wounded，we sent the soldier to hospital at once Being very busy，I could not afford the time to go to the cinema 我因为太忙，不能花时间去看电影了。 Being very busy，the film tickets were given to others,（对）,（对）,（对）,（错）,（错）,（错）,The end,非谓语动词做状语的形式： doing/ having done done/having been done to do/ to be done 二. 做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后 三. 高考易混点,三.非谓语动词做状语 高考易混点,1. (only) to do 和(thus) doing 做结果状语 1.His parents died, _ him an orphan. A. left B. leaving C. leave D. to leave 2. He rushed to the train station, only _ the train had gone. A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find (only) to do 出乎意料,意料之外 (thus) doing 顺其自然,意料之中,做结果 状语时,2. doing 做伴随状语和to do 做目的状语 1). The secretary worked late into night, _a long speech. ( prepare ) The secretary worked late into night _ a long speech. 2)Write to the editor, _ that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ）,preparing,hoping,to prepare,3. taste, feel ,smell ,taste，为感官动词，常用现在分词做定语或状语。没有被动语态。 1._delicious, the apples sells well. A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Having been tasted 2. _sweet, the flowers in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. To smell B. Smelling C. Smelt D. To be smelt,4. 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致. 1）. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. （2006陕西卷） A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 2). While watching television，_. （2005全国卷III） A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings,watching,Faced with,3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.,4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.,is B. to be C. being D.It being E. It was F. been,C,E,注意标点符号,When _ help, one often says, “Can I help you?” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 2. When _ help, one often says, “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 3. Generally speaking, _according to the directions, the drug has no side- effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 4.While watching TV, _. A. The door bell rang B. we heard the door bell rings C. We heard the door bell ring D. the door bell rings,非谓语动词的三种基本形式： 二. 句式特点：_, 句子 句子+_ 三. 做题方法：析句子结构，找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，判动词先后 四. 高考考点,doing,done,to do,2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,the two students,（三）辨逻辑关系,“You cant catch me !” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 2. _ black and blue, the lady couldnt move. A. Beaten B. Beating C. To be beaten D. To beat,Jane,判断主被动,3. 考察（be）过去分词+介词 1). _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (四川 2006) A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 2). _ so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (选项同上) 3). _in the mountains for a week, we were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Losing C. Being lost D. Lost 4)._ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor, （dress）,Facing,Dressed,Find out some sentences about“非谓语动 做状语” from the reading and the using language. 1.Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from volcano will flow next and how fast. 2. Having earlier collected special clothes fron the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. 3. Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and gave a birth to a handsome boy.,考察 （be）过去分词+介词 1. _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (四川 2006) A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 2. _ so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (选项同上) 3. _in the mountains for a week, we were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Losing C. Being lost D. Lost 4._ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor, （dress）,Facing,Dressed,_ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attrac