2013年自考英语二复习资料.doc.doc

12013年自考英语二复习资料UNIT1-1UNIT1一、wordstudyobjective,accompany,argue,defineobjectivea.客观的，真实的。如实的，无偏见的。Wehavetoaccepttheobjectiverealityasitis.我们必须接受客观事实。Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgement.文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。n.目标，目的。PeopleworkhardtocarryouttheeconomicobjectivesoftheNinthFive-YearPlan.人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作。Myobjectiveforthepresentistopasstheoralexam.我目前的目标是通过口试。accompanyvt./vi.1、伴随，陪同；2、为。伴奏Thesingerwasaccompaniedonthepianobyhispupil.演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏。Thelonelyoldmanisaccompaniedbyhisdog.这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。Allordersmustbeaccompaniedwithcash.所有的订货单必须随附现金。arguevt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或over，for（赞成）或against（反对）。Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues.她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。HeoftenarguesphilosophywithJames.他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。Hearguedforimmediateaction.他主张立即行动。Theyarguedagainstsuchapolicy.他们反对这种政策。vt.1、说服；2、用辩论说服2argueinto（outof）doingsth.说服某人做（不做）某事。Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。Hearguedthatmanwasdescendedfromapes.他论证人类的祖先是猿。definevt.1、解释，给。下定义；2、限定，规定。Workisdefinedastheproductofaforceandthedistancethroughwhichitspointofapplicationmovesinthedirectionoftheforce.功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积。Hehasdefinedhispositionontheissues.他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场。UNIT1-2二、常考句型1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。P2Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。P3Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。P3Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4Forexample,managerssometimestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的-哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。P6Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbestthatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increasedfundingforresearchtoimprovetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。P7Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.三、习题1.单词英译汉3goal,objective,accomplish,predict,accompany,implement,tendency,achievement,argue,budget,define,entity,2.词组英译汉intheway,inpart,pointofview,contributeto,toapplyfor,inhand,toturndown3.句子英译汉与常考句型相同。4.TextA汉译英决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。Decisionmakersshouldbeabletomakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。Somepeoplebelievealmosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。Ifthereisnoproperchoice,thereisnoproperdecision.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutthesameproblem；theirsolutionstotheproblemare,therefore,alsodifferent.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。Decisionmakersoftenplaythekeyroleinthedevelopmentofthebusinessofacompany.Decisionmakersareusuallykeypeoplewhodeterminethecompanysbusinessdevelopment.UNIT1-3四、历年试题1.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_(involve)decisions,indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(99.4)。答案是involves.考点:involve为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。2.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision_(make).(99.4)答案是tobemade。考点：tobemade是动词不定式作定语修饰decision.3.Ifyouarenow_yourthirties,youcanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.(99.4)A.inB.atC.betweenD.among答案是A.4.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_decisions；indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(00.4)A.imposesB.improviseC.involvesD.indicates答案为C.5.When_(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems.答案为presented.考点：present是过去分词作状语。46.Anorganizationisagroupofpeople,andadecision_(make)todaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture.答案是made.考点：make是过去分词作定语，修饰decision.7.汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。答案：Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.1.决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。答：Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoachieveorganizationalgoals.2.决策过程对经营管理至关重要。答：Thedecision-makingprocessisfundamentaltobusinessmanagement.3.经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。答：Almosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision-making.4.虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生。答：Althoughwecannotpredictthefuture,wemusttrytleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.5.不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同。答：Differentmanagerdefinethesameproblemindifferentterms.UNIT2-1一、wordstudyexert,collapse,lauch,operateexertvt.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind.他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。Theseprinciplesexertedgreatinfluenceuponthecourseoftherevolution.这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响。collapsen.1、倒塌，崩溃，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下Thestormcausedthecollapseofthewoodenshelter.暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了。Hesufferedfromanervouscollapse.他的精神崩溃了。Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion.政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。vi.倒塌，崩溃Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofthesnow.屋顶被雪压塌了。Thenegotiationscollapsedafterseveralmeetings.5会谈了几次之后，谈判破裂了。Inthelastweeksofthewarshecollapsedfromlongimprisonment.在战争的最后几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了。lauchvt1、发射，投射；2、使（船）下水Thesatellitewaslaunchedinarocket.这颗卫星是由火箭发射的。Thehunterlaunchedaspearatthewolf.猎人把矛向狼掷去。Anewshiphasbeensuccessfullylaunched.一条新船已成功地下水。vt./vi.发动，发起（运动等）launchoutinto开始，着手进行Ourarmylaunchedanattackontheenemy.我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻。Thepolicelaunchedaninvestigationintothecase.警察对此案开展了调查。Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiment.研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。UNIT2-2operatevi.1、运转，起作用；2、动手术（on,upon）Theelevatoroperatessmoothly.电梯运行顺利。Themedicinegraduallyoperated.药物逐渐奏效了。Thedoctoroperatedontheneckofthepatient.医生给病人的颈部动手术。vt.1、操作，操纵，经营；2、对。动手术Thisairlineoperatesfivemainlinesanddozensofbranchlines.这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线。Doyouknowhowtooperatethemachine?你知道怎么开这台机器吗？Thedoctoroperatedthepatientontheneck.医生给病人的颈部动手术。Hewasoperatedonforlungcancer.他因肺癌动了手术。二、常考句型1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。P16Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。P2Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。P2SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。P3Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。P3Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务。P5Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.三、习题Unit2练习：1.词汇英译汉：escape,explode,collapse,shrink,gravity,measurement,basis,launch,convincing,companion,speculation,swallow,operate,tomakeuseof,agreatmany,aboveall2.句子英译汉：1)6)与常考句型相同。7)Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxyswallowingupstarsataveryrapidrate.8)Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.UNIT2-33句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。Astronomershavenotyetfullysolvedtheproblemofwhatablackholeis.据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。Itissaidthatblackholesareabletoswallowupalltheobjectsaroundthem,suchasstars.对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。Theresearchofblackholesisjustbeginningandspeculationaboutthemareendless.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。7Scientistsstillcannottellwhathappensinsideablackhole.Itisstillimpossibleforscientiststotellwhathappensinsideablackhole.如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。Ifweunderstoodblackholes,theywouldnotbesofearful.Blackholeswillnotbesofearfulifwegettoknowthem.单元课后练习.WordSpelling1.密度n.density_2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃v.collapse_3.边界线，边界n.boundary_4.永恒的，经久不变的a.c_5.基础，根据n.b_6.发射，发动v.l_7.双胞胎之一a.t_8.同伴，同事n.c_9.人类n.m_10.推测，猜测n.s_11.吞v.s_12.不充分的a.i_13.物质n.m_14.情况，环境a.c_15.发生，出现v.o_16.强烈的a.i_17.证据n.e_18.看不见的a.i_19.宇航员n.a_20.热带的a.t_.WordForm1.Supernovae_(report)byastronomersintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.2.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstill_(have)thesamemass,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.3.Ifone_(make)ajourneyovertheContinentsonewouldfindeverykindofsurfaceincludingmountainranges,plains,andemptyareascoveredpermanentlybyiceandsnow.4.Andastronomersareplanninganewobservatorytostudytheindividualexplodingstars_(believe)tobeblackholes.5.Matterfromtheonewhichwecansee_(pull)towardsthecompanionstar.UNIT2-486.Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecentreofourgalaxy_(swallow)upstarsataveryrapidrate.7.Themost_(convince)evidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.8.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesina_(total)differentwayfromourown.9.Thesurfaceofsomeareas_(consist)largelyofhighmountainsanddeepvalleys.10.Ourworldisthehomeofaverygreatmanydifferentpeople-peopleswithdifferent_(colour)skins.VocabularyandStructure1.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace(notathing)_whichmatterhasfallenand_whichnothingcanescape-notevenlight.AintointoBintofromCfromintoDfromfrom2.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointense_ablackholeresults.AwhetherBwhatCwhichDthat3.Binarystars,_theirnamesuggests,aretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother.AasBthatCwhatDif4.Insomebinarysystems,astronomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisible