关于主谓语一致问题.doc.doc

关于主谓语一致问题谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称上保持一致，这就叫做主谓语一致。语法上一致，意义上一致和就近一致是主谓语一致问题的三原则。一、主语是复数，谓语动词用单数1.国名、人名、书名和组织机构等专用名词作主语，形式上是复数谓语动词用单数TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.Hisselectedpoemswasfirstpublishedin1965.Athens(雅典)isacity.(thecapitalofGreece)2.表示时间、金钱、距离和重量的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作是整体，谓语动词用单数。Twohoursisnotlongenoughforthistest.TwoUSdollarsisagoodenoughpriceforthisbook.Sixmilesisquiteadistance.若侧重一个一个的个体，则谓语动词用复数。Twentyyearshavepassedsincehewassenttoprison.3.凡以-ics结尾表示科学名称的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Politicsisnnowtaughtinallschools.Physicswashermajor.(专修棵)4.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。OneandahalfdaysareallIcanspare.5.有些用来表示有两个相同部分连成一体的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。如；glasses,trousers,compasses,scissors,spectacles,shoes,clothes,chopsticks等。Thescissorsaresharp.Thetrousersareshortforme.但如果用akindof,apairof,aseriesof谓语动词的单复数有单位名词的单复数决定。Thereisapairofcompassesonthetable.Therearetwopairsofcompassesonthetable.二、主语是单数谓语动词用复数1.有些集体名词形式为单数，但意义为复数。如：cattle,police,people,militia等。Thecattlearegrazing.Trafficpolicearealwaysverybusy.Allthepeopleoftheworlddesirepeace.但people用作民族时，谓语动词用单数。TheChineseisagreatpeople.2有些以-sh,-ese,-ch结尾的表示国家，民族的形容词与the连用时，表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilyatChristmas.TheChinesearekindandfriendly.当上述形容词用于语言时，谓语动词用单数。Frenchisspokeninmanycountries.3.某些形容词前加:the表示一类人，其意义为复数。如：thepoor,therich,theold,theyoung,thesick,thedead,thebrave,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等。Theoldaretakengoodcareof.Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorerinmanycountries.三、主语是复数，谓语动词依情况而定1.有些集体名词作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；若表示全体成员时，谓语动词用复数。如：family,class,group,team,enemy,audience,club,committee,company等。HisfamilyhasboughtacolourTVset.ThefamilywerewatchingTVwhenherunclecamein.TheclassisinthechargeofMrLi.TheclassaretakingnotesinEnglish.2.一些表示部分概念或不定数量的名词作主语，形式为单数，但谓语动词的单复数应根据of后的名词的单复数而定。如：half,most,therest,some,part等。Halfofthemoneyisyours.Halfofthechildrenaregirls.Mostofthemilkissour(酸).Mostoftheorangesaresour.Twentyofofthemaregirls.Therestareboys.Therestneedsnotelling.3.分数或百分数作主语以及由alotof,lotsof,plentyof,等作主语时，谓语动词的数和of后的名词的数一致。Lotsoffoodisgoingtobewasted.Lotsofpeoplearewaitingforyou.Ninetypercentoftheworkhasbeendone.Abouttwentypercentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.ThepopulationofChinaisverylargeandeightypercentofthepopulationinChinaarefarmers.4.不定代词any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据上下文或具体场合而定。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Allarehere.(人)Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.5.疑问代词what,which和who的数，按说话人的意图而定。Wholivesnextdoor?ItisTom.Wholivenextdoor?ItisTomandJohn.Whichis(are)yourbook(s)?Whatproduce(s)heat?6.主语从句，不定式（短语），动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数。Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whowillgoisnotimportant.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntoall.Whyhediditwasntquiteclear.Climbingmountainsisagoodformofexercise.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningisnecessary.Itsnousepretendingtoknowwhatyoudontknow.ItsveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.7.连接代词what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据从句的内容或后面的表语而定。从句的内容是两个或表语是复数时，谓语动词用复数。Whatweneedismoretime.Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.Whatdisappointedusmostwashisrefusal.Whatthechildrenwantarestory-books.Whatweneedaredoctors.8.关系代词which,that,who的单复数由先行词的单复数决定。!Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournames.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.Peteroftentakeshisauntinacarwhichhasbeengiventohimasapresent.Henryisdoingexperimentswhichareimportanttohisstudies.9.oneofthe+复数名词后的定语从句谓语动词的单复数，要根据one前面是否有the，有the用单数，无the用复数。SheisoneofthegirlswhohavebeentotheGreatWall.SheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohasbeentothegreatWall.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.ThistheoneofthebooksonthesubjectsthathaseverbeenwritteninChinese.四、主语并列，谓语动词有下列情况：1.用and连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。TomandIaregoodfriends.Thepenandthepencilarenew.Huntingandfishingareverygoodformofexercise.2.and连接的两个名词作主语时，如果指同一人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。Theeditorandpublisherofthismagazineisaveryableman.Thedoctorandteacherisgoingtogiveusareport.Thehammerandsicklewasflyingfromthetallflagpole.Wheretofindhimandhowtofindhimisnotknowntous.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.Allworkandnoplaymakesjackadullboy.Happinessandsuccessdependsonourselves.但:Fireandwaterdonotagree.3.and连接的连接的两个名词前有every,each,no时，谓语动词用单数。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Eachboyandgirlinthenurseryhasgotatoy.Nopencilandpencil-knifeisinthepencil-box.4.and连接的两个名词修饰语+单数名词作主语时，这类结构表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数。ThethirdandthelastchapterarewrittenbyprofessorWang.第三章和最后一章是王教授写的。（共两章）但是:ThethirdandlastchapteriswrittenbyprofessorWang.第三章即最后一章是王教授写的。（共一章）5.由or,either.or,nor,neither.nor,notonly.butalso连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词就近一致.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.Eitheryouorheiswrong.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoIamgoingthere.Neitherhenorhisparentsareathome.五其他情况1.asmuchas,aswellas,nomorethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,but,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,besides,except,inadditionto和of+名词等,连接两个并列主语时,动词的单复数和第一个主语保持一致.Maryaswellasherclassmateshaslearnedtodriveatractor.TheteachertogetherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisittheGreatWallIratherthanheamtoblame.NooneexceptXiaoWangandXiaoLihasbeentoBeijing.He,likeyouandme,likestoplayfootball.MyclassmatesasmuchasIaregladtohearthat.Thenumberofthestudentsofourclassis50.He,nolessthanyou,isworthyofbeingpraised.Hisbrother,nomorethanJim,aretobeansweredforit.2.morethanone+单数名词和manya+单数名词作主语时,尽管意义上为复数,但中心词为单数,谓语动词用单数.Thereismorethanoneanswertoyourquestion.Manyastudenthaspassedtheexam.但:more+复数名词+thanone谓语动词用复数.Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.3.oneortwo后接复数名词时,谓语动词用复数,意思是afewthings.ThereareoneortwothingsIwanttotalkoverwithyou.Oneortwodayisquiteenoughtofinishthework.4.awordortwo作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可.Awordortwois(are)neededhere.5.a+单数名词+andahalf和oneandahalf+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数.Anappleandahalfisleftontheplate.Oneandahalfapplesisleftontheplate.6.由each修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数；each位于复数主语之后或句末不影响谓语动词的数.achstudenthasgotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thestudentseachhavegotadictionary.Thestudentshavegotadictionaryeach.7.everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,nothing尽管在意以上为复数但在语法上被看作是单数,谓语动词用单数.Everybodyishere.Isanybodyathome?Nothingistheworldisdifficultfortheonewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事,只怕用心人.8.anumberof+复数名词作主语时,anumberof以为many,谓语动词用复数；thenumber+单数名词或复数名词作主语时,number意为数字或编号,谓语动词用单数.!numberofpeopletherearewaitingforyou.Thenumberofpeoplethereis500.Agreatnumberofstudentslikedrawing.Thenumberofourbedroomis305.9.(large)quantitiesof+不可数名词或可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数,即和quantities保持一致；aquantityof+不可数名词或可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数,即和quantity保持一致.Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.Largequantitiesofwaterareneededforcoolingpurpose.冷却需要大量的水.Thereisalargequantityofflowersinourschoolgarden.10.agreatdealof+不可数名词和alargeamountof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数；largeamountsof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数.Alargeamountsof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.11.themajorityof+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数；themajority单独使用时,谓语动词用单复数均可.Themajorityofboyslikefootball.Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.(提案)Ex.1.NobodybutJane_thesecret.A.knowB.kownsC.haveknownD.isknown2.Allbutone_herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be并列结构的主谓一致问题1.就近型：由or,eitheror,neitheror,notbut,notonlybutalso等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如：Neitheryounorheistired.你和他都没累。NotyoubutIamtoblame.不是你的错而是我的错。Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。2.就远型：由aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan等连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如：Theson,aswellashisparents,wantstogothere.不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。3.复数型：由and和both.and连接的并列成分作主语，其谓语总是用复数。如：(Both)NewYorkandLondonhavetrafficproblems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。注：当由and连接的两个并列主语受each,every,no的修饰时，其谓语用单数。另外，当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，其谓语也要用单数。如：Everymanandwomanwantstojoinit.每个男女都想加入它。Ateacherandpoetvisitedourschooltheotherday.早几天一位教师诗人参观了我们学校。therest(of)等作主语，谓语的数取决于什么请看下面两道题：a.Therestoftheboys_watchingTV.b.Therestofthemoney_stolen.A.were，wereB.was，wereC.were，wasD.was，was此题应选C。all，most，some，half，percent，therest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时，若该名词为可数名词的复数形式，则其谓语要用复数形式；若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，则其谓语要用单数形式()：1.a.Mostoftheapplesarebad.这些苹果当中大部分是坏的。b.Mostoftheappleisbad.这个苹果坏了一大部分。c.Mostofthetimewasspentonit.这上面花了大部分时间。2.a.Halfofthebuildingsweredestroyedinthefire.有一半的楼房在大火中被毁。b.Halfofthebuildingwasdestroyedinthefire.这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。c.Halfofthemoneywasspentonfood.有一半的钱用来买食物。3.a.30percentoftheworkersherearewomen.这里的工人有30%是女性。b.30percentoftheworkhasbeendone.有30%的工作已完成。c.30percentofthewallhasbeenpainted.墙壁有30%已被刷漆。谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致有这样一道题：WeChinese_ahard-workingpeople.A.isB.areC.isbeingD.arebeing此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致)，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子()：ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJim.这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。Theplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudy.这些行星是他研究的目标。ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks.我需要的最重要的东西是书。Thecountrysleadingexportiswatches.这个国家的主输出品是手表。Thebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies.这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)：1.a.Whoisyourbrother?谁是你的兄弟?b.Whoareyourbrothers?哪些是你的兄弟?2.a.Whathesaidisquitecorrect.他所说的完全正确。b.Whatheleftmeareonlyafewoldbooks.他给我留下的只是