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液压自定心自动夹紧夹具设计【带UG三维】【14张图纸】【优秀】

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关键词：: 液压定心自动夹紧夹具设计 ug 三维 14 图纸优秀优良

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液压自定心自动夹紧夹具设计

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任务书.doc

外文翻译--机械设计.doc

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液压自定心自动夹紧夹具设计开题报告.doc

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装配图及相关零件图7张.dwg

计划周记进度检查表.xls

摘要

随着不规则形状零件在现代制造业中的广泛应用，如何保证这类零件的加工精度就显得尤为重要。本文通过分析机械零件的结构特点和加工要求，制定了一套较合理的夹具设计，从而为保证该零件的加工精度将提供一种经济实用的工艺装备，具有一定的实用价值。对于夹具设计来说，最重要的就是定位、夹紧方案的确定。针对机械这个零件加工要求的特点，确定了只能用定位、夹紧的办法来加工该零件。通过对各种定位夹紧装置的分析比较，选择并组合了一套既能够满足加工要求的，又比较简洁的装置。同时，通过对一系列定位误差和夹紧力的计算，验证了该零件的加工是可以保证其要求的精度的，它的加工误差在规定的范围内。通过夹紧力的计算，也验证了零件在被夹紧的前提下，它受到的夹紧力也并不大，满足夹具设计所要求的既要保证一定的夹紧力不使工件在加工过程中发生位移，但同时又不能过大致使工件发生变形。

关键词：工艺装备夹具设计；定位；夹紧

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1本课题的来源及目的意义1

1.2精度设计技术分析1

2 零件的2

2.1零件的作用2

2.2 零件的工艺分析2

3 工艺规程的分析4

3.1 生产纲领和生产类型的确定4

3.2 确定毛坯制造形式5

3.2.1 名词、名称5

3.2.2 毛坯的结构确定5

3.3 基准面的选择6

3.3.1 粗基准的选择6

3.3.2 精基准选择的原则7

3.4 确定各表面加工方案7

3.5 加工方案设计要点8

3.5.1 粗、精加工的划分8

3.5.2 次要小表面及孔的加工8

3.5.3 热处理的安排8

3.5.4 辅助工序的安排8

3.6 工序的合理组合8

3.6.1 工序的合理组合8

3.6.2 工序的集中与分散9

3.6.3 加工阶段的划分9

3.7 工艺过程设计中应考虑的主要问题10

3.7.1 加工方法选择的原则10

3.7.2 加工阶段的划分10

3.7.3 工序的合理组合11

3.7.4 加工顺序的安排11

3.8 工序方案的制定12

3.9 切削用量的选择13

4 夹具设计19

4.1 概论19

4.1.1 夹具概念19

4.1.2 机床夹具的分类19

4.1.3 夹具设计中的特点20

4.1.4 夹具分类20

4.1.5 夹具的作用21

4.2 车床夹具设计21

4.2.1 问题的提出21

4.2.2 定位方案与定位元件的设计22

4.2.3 夹紧方案22

4.2.4 切削力和夹紧力计算25

4.2.5 定位误差分析计算26

结论语28

致谢29

参考文献30

　　　机械制造的工艺学设计一般是在我们学完了大学基础课、技术基础课以及专业课之后进行的.同时这也是我们对所学各课程的又一次深入且综合性的总复习,也是一次理论与实际相联系的训练,因此,这在我们几年的大学生活中占有重要的地位。机械零件工艺设计以及其夹具设计是在学完了机械制造工艺学，进行设计之后的下一个教学环节。它一方面要求学生通过设计能获得综合运用过去所学过的全部课程进行工艺及结构设计的基本能力。另一方面能让我们能够熟练运用机械制造工艺学课程中的基本理论以及在生产实习中学到的实践知识，要求能够正确地解决一个零件在加工过程中的定位，夹紧以，工艺路线安排，工艺尺寸确定问题，最终保证零件的加工质量。

1.1 本课题的来源及目的意义

　　　本课题来源于一家致力于航空零件和汽车零件精密铸造和精密加工的企业。其加工的零件都是一些精度要求高、工艺复杂的零件。零件座体（材料为铝合金）就是典型的壳体零件。此零件批量大已成为公司的一个新的经济增长点。此前的工艺装备为普通三爪卡盘对A的同轴度0.1，基本上不能保证，检测结果在0.15左右，这样后道工序定位时，会影响其它孔的加工位置，造成零件废品率较高，必须改进。又由于该零件批量大，原有三爪定位时车加工转速只有500r/min，按照公司精益生产的要求，也需要改进来提高生产效率。故提出此课题！

1.2 精度设计技术分析

　　　通常情况下，夹具精度应该比工件要求的精度要高，这样方能加工出要求的合格的工件。精度相对高出的部分称作为夹具精度储备或夹具精度裕度。精度裕度是用来补偿加工中各项误差及定位、导向元件磨损用的。精度裕度越大，说明加工工件的质量越可靠，夹具的易损件的使用寿命也就会越长。但是从另一方面看，如果精度裕度越大，就要求夹具的制造精度要更高，这样会急剧增加夹具制造的成本，同时工件的加工成本也随之增加；相反，夹具制造的精度会更小，会使夹具在夹具中易损件〔主要是定位、导向元件〕频繁地更换，频繁维修，就增加了维修费用，这样也就等于增加了工件加工成本。综上，夹具的精度设计准则：必须让夹具设计精度与工件的加工精度要求相适应，不能随意提高夹具精度要求。

　　　2 零件的分析

2.1 零件的作用

　　　题目给出的T型轴盘零件(如图2-1)是来自某机器里的零部件。该机械零件的主要作用通常是支撑和连接，使某零部件能得到延伸，伸展，能有正常的缓冲作用。所以此工件的加工质量肯定会影响到机械的工作精度、使用性能和寿命。该机械零件的主要功能是支撑和连接,装配等。2.2 零件的工艺分析

　　　机械的加工工艺是我们能够进行产品设计，产品质量保证，能源节约，消耗降低的重要方式，是企业准备生产，计划调度，加工操作，安全生产，技术检测和健全劳动组织的重要依据，也是我们企业上品种，上质量，上水平，加快产品升级更新，增加经济效益的技术保证与支持。

　　　我们在实际生产中，因为零件生产的类型、材料、结构、形状、尺寸和技术要求都不一样，而且对于某一个零件，往往不是独自在一种机床上进行的，不是用某一种加工方法就能完成的，需要经过一定的工艺过程才能完成加工。因此，不仅要根据零件的相关要求，结合现场的具体情况，对零件的各组成表面拿出合适的加工方法，同时还要拿出合理的加工顺序，一步步把零件加工出来。

　　　对于某些具体的零件，还可采用多种不同的工艺方案进行加工。即使这些方案都可以加工出合格的零件，但从生产效率和经济效益方面来看，可能其中有种方案比较合理并且可行。所以一定要根据零件的具体要求及可能的加工条件等，拟订相对合理的工艺过程。

　　　从整体的形状看，按要求主要是加工孔和平面。具体特点及技术要求如下：

　　　①加工孔要求达到的精度等级为。粗糙度为，且以平面为基准，要求平行度公差为，主要满足加工孔的位置精度。

　　　②其他各个孔和面的加工均以平面为定位基准。因此，平面的形位公差必须达到设计的要求。

　　　③粗糙度为为孔，且粗糙度为。

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内容简介：: 无锡太湖学院信机系机械工程及其自动化专业毕业设计论文任务书一、题目及专题：、题目液压自定心自动夹紧夹具设计、专题二、课题来源及选题依据本课题来源于一家致力于航空零件和汽车零件精密铸造和精密加工的企业。其加工的零件都是一些精度要求高、工艺复杂的零件。零件座体（材料为铝合金）就是典型的壳体零件。此零件批量大已成为公司的一个新的经济增长点。此前的工艺装备为普通三爪卡盘对A的同轴度0.1，基本上不能保证，检测结果在0.15左右，这样后道工序定位时，会影响其它孔的加工位置，造成零件废品率较高，必须改进。又由于该零件批量大，原有三爪定位时车加工转速只有500r/min，按照公司精益生产的要求，也需要改进来提高生产效率。故提出此课题！三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求：实现：IIII 1.装夹过程首先零件装夹在涨紧套外，机床油缸向后运动时带动拉杆和锥套，由于锥度定心，向后运动后，锥套与涨紧套的作用直径慢慢变大，涨紧套开始与零件接触定位，实现自定心加紧。 2.卸料过程加工完成后，机床油缸向前运动，推动拉杆并带动锥套，涨紧套向内收缩，夹紧力慢慢松开后，取下零件，工序加工完成。四、接受任务学生：机械92 班姓名杨建华五、开始及完成日期：自 2012 年 11 月12日至 2013年 5 月 25日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师签名签名签名教研室主任学科组组长研究所所长签名系主任签名2013年5月25日IIII英文原文Mechanical DesignAbstract:A machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components which transforms, transmits. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines. The term mechanical design is used in a broader sense than machine design to include their design. the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers.Keywords: Mechanical Design mechanisms Design ProcessThe Design ProcessDesigning starts with a need real.Existing apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiency, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previouslydone by men, such as computation, assembly, or servicing. With the objective wholly or partlyIn the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts.When the general shape and a few dimensions of the several components become apparent, analysis can begin in earnest. The analysis will have as its objective satisfactory or superior performance, plus safety and durability with minimum weight, and a competitive cost. Optimum proportions and dimensions will be sought for each critically loaded section, together with a balance between the strengths of the several components. Materials and their treatment will be chosen. These important objectives can be attained only by analysis based upon the principles of mechanics, such as those of static for reaction forces and for the optimum utilization of friction; of dynamics for inertia, acceleration, and energy; of elasticity and strength of materials for stress and deflection; of physical behavior of materials; and of fluid mechanics for lubrication and hydrodynamic drives. The analyses may be made by the same engineer who conceived the arrangement of mechanisms, or, in a large company, they may be made by a separate analysis division or research group. Design is a reiterative and cooperative process, whether done formally or informally, and the analyst can contribute to phases other than his own. Product design requires much research and development. Many Concepts of an idea must be studied, tried, and then either used or discarded. Although the content of each engineering problem is unique, the designers follow the similar process to solve the problems. Product liability suits designers and forced in material selection, using the best program. In the process of material, the most common problems for five (a) dont understand or not use about the latest application materials to the best information, (b) failed to foresee and consider the reasonable use material may (such as possible, designers should further forecast and consider due to improper use products. In recent years, many products liability in litigation, the use of products and hurt the plaintiff accused manufacturer, and won the decision), (c) of the materials used all or some of the data, data, especially when the uncertainty long-term performance data is so, (d) quality control method is not suitable and unproven, (e) by some completely incompetent persons choose materials.Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding. Finally, a design based upon function, and a prototype may be built. If its tests are satisfactory, the initial design will undergo certain modifications that enable it to be manufactured in quantity at a lower cost. During subsequent years of manufacture and service, the design is likely to undergo changes as new ideas are conceived or as further analyses based upon tests and experience indicate alterations. Sales appeal.Some Rules for DesignIn this section it is suggested that, applied with a creative attitude, analyses can lead to important improvements and to the conception and perfection of alternate, perhaps more functional, economical,and durable products. To stimulate creative thought, the following rules are suggested for the designer and analyst. The first six rules are particularly applicable for the analyst.1. A creative use of need of physical properties and control process.2. Recognize functional loads and their significance.3. Anticipate unintentional loads.4. Devise more favorable loading conditions.5. Provide for favorable stress distribution and stiffness with minimum weight.6. Use basic equations to proportion and optimize dimensions.7. Choose materials for a combination of properties.8. Select carefully, stock and integral components.9. Modify a functional design to fit the manufacturing process and reduce cost.10. Provide for accurate location and noninterference of parts in assembly. Machinery design covers the following contents.1. Provides an introduction to the design process , problem formulation ,safety factors.2. Reviews the material properties and static and dynamic loading analysis ,Including beam , vibration and impact loading. 3. Reviews the fundamentals of stress and defection analysis. 4. Introduces fatigue-failure theory with the emphasis on stress-life approaches to high-cycle fatigue design, which is commonly used in the design of rotation machinery. 5. Discusses thoroughly the phenomena of wear mechanisms, surface contact stresses ,and surface fatigue. 6. Investigates shaft design using the fatigue-analysis techniques. 7. Discusses fluid-film and rolling-element bearing theory and application 8. Gives a thorough introduction to the kinematics, design and stress analysis of spur gears , and a simple introduction to helical ,bevel ,and worm gearing. 9. Discusses spring design including compression ,extension and torsion springs. 10. Deals with screws and fasteners including power screw and preload fasteners. 11. Introduces the design and specification of disk and drum clutches and brakes.Machine DesignThe complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to todays designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. The computer is a tool helpful to mechanical designers to lighten tedious calculations, and provide extended analysis of available data. Interactive systems, based on computer capabilities, have made possible the concepts of computer aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.中文译文机械设计摘要：机器一般是由机械装置和其它组件组成的。机器是一种用来转换或传递能量的装置，比如：发动机、涡轮机、车辆、起重机、印刷机、洗衣机、照相机和摄影机等。好多原则和设计方法不仅适用于机器设计，也适用于非机器的设计。术语中的“机械装置设计” 的含义要比“机械设计”的含义更加的广泛，机械设计包括在机械装置中。在分析运动及设计结构时，要把产品外型以及以后的保养也要考虑在机械设计当中。在机械工程领域中，以及其它工程领域中，所有这些都需要机械设备，比如：开关、凸轮、阀门、船舶以及搅拌机等。关键词：设计流程设计规则机械设计设计流程设计开始之前就要想到机器的实际性，现存的机器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度，或者成本上得到改善。新的机器必需具有以前机器所能执行的功能。在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不要受到任何约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于阻断创新的思路。通常,还要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在这个计划最后决定中,使用了某些不在计划之内的一些设想。一般的当外型特点和组件部分的尺寸特点分析得透彻时，就可以全面的设计和分析。接着还要客观的分析机器性能的优越性，以及它的安全、重量、耐用性，并且竞争力的成本也要考虑在分析结果之内。每一个至关重要的部分要优化它的比例和尺寸，同时也要保持与其它组成部分相协调。也要选择原材料和处理原材料的方法。通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要的特性，如那些静态反应的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用，像动力惯性、加速动力和能量；包括弹性材料的强度、应力和刚度等材料的物理特性，以及流体润滑和驱动器的流体力学。设计的过程是重复和合作的过程，无论是正式或非正式的进行，对设计者来说每个阶段都很重要。最后，以图样为设计的标准，并建立将来的模型。如果它的测试是符合事先要求的，则再将对初步设计进行某些修改，使它能够在制造成本上有所降低。产品的设计需要不断探索和发展。许多方案必须被研究、试验、完善，然后决定使用还是放弃。虽然每个工程学问题的内容是独特的，但是设计师可以按照类似的步骤来解决问题。产品的责任诉讼迫使设计人员和公司在选择材料时，采用最好的程序。在材料过程中，五个最常见的问题为：（a）不了解或者不会使用关于材料应用方面的最新最好的信息资料；(b)未能预见和考虑材料的合理用途（如有可能，设计人员还应进一步预测和考虑由于产品使用方法不当造成的后果。在近年来的许多产品责任诉讼案件中，由于错误地使用产品而受到伤害的原告控告生产厂家，并且赢得判决）；(c)所使用的材料的数据不全或是有些数据不确定，尤其是当其性能数据长期不更新；(d)质量控制方法不适当和未经验证；(e)由一些完全不称职的人员选择材料。通过对上述五个问题的分析，可以得出这些问题是没有充分理由而存在的结论。对这些问题的研究分析可以为避免这些问题的出现而指明方向。尽管采用最好的材料选择方法也不能避免发生产品责任诉讼，设计人员和工业界按照适当的程序进行材料选择，可以大大减少诉讼的数量。从以上的讨论可以看出，选择材料的人们应该对材料的性质，特点和加工方法有一个全面而基本的了解。在随后生产和售后服务的几年中，要接受新观念的变化，或者由试验和经验为基础，进一步分析并改进。一些设计规则在本节中，建议要运用创造性的态度来替代和改进。也许会创造出更实用、更经济、更耐用的产品。为了激发创造性思维，下列是设计和分析的建议规则。前六个规则对设计者来说特别适用。1. 要有创造性的利用所需要的物理性质和控制过程。2. 认识负载产生的影响及其意义。3. 预测没有想到的负载。4. 要创造出对载荷更为有利的条件。5. 提供良好的应力分布和最小的刚度条件。6. 运用最简单的方程来优化体积和面积。7. 选择组合材料。8. 仔细选择所备的原料和不可缺少的组件。9. 调整有效的设计方案，以适应生产过程和降低成本。10. 规定好准确的位置条件为了使组件安装时不干涉。机械设计

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