机械设计本科双语教学课程理论力学教案教书

教案20122013学年第一学期学院系、部机电工程学院课程名称理论力学（THEORETICMECHANICS）授课班级11级本科机械设计（1）2001SHAMES,IHANDPITARRES,JM,INTRODUCTIONTOSOLIDMECHANICS,THIRDEDITION,PRENTICEHALL,2000HTTP/WWWPEARSONEDCOMHTTP/WWWDELSTARCOM/WHATHTM教学目的要求1、针对16周48学时的理论力学静力学篇（双语教学课程）的教学计划，谨规划选择性的着重于讲授课程的第一部分静力学篇（STATICS）其中专业内容包括1GENERALPRINCIPLES2FORCEVECTOR3EQUILIBRIUMOFAPARTICLE4FORCESYSTEMRESULTANTS5EQUILIBRIUMOFARIGIDBODY6STRUCTURALANALYSIS7INTERNALFORCE8FRICTION9CENTEROFGRAVITYANDCENTROID10MOMENTSOFINERTIA11VIRTUALWORK等专题，规划逐课时44学时依序讲授工程力学静力学篇，各项有关的科技论述与专业英语词汇，同时，训练学生以此课文内容，作为专业英语的阅读能力培养及实际学习与应用，并尽量配合其他机械（设计、制造）及其自动化之工程系列的专业课程实施系统性、启发式教学；另安排4学时的实验课，使学生能够循序渐进的去了解、熟悉、掌握有关机械工程设计2KINEMATICS3DYNAMICS4MECHANICSOFMATERIALS了解1、THEAPPLICATIONSOFTHETHEORETICMECHANICSARE1MECHANICSOFMATERIALS2MECHANICALPRINCIPLES3MACHINEDESIGN4STRUCTURALMECHANICS5PLASTIC6FLUIDDYNAMICS7）FLIGHTMECHANICS8VIBRATIONTHEORY2、SCIENTISTSOFTENCLASSIFYTHERESEARCHMODELOFTHEORETICMECHANICSBYTHEIRAPPEARANCESTATESSOLIDRIGIDBODY,NOTEASYTOCHANGETHEIRSHAPE,LIQUID,ORGASTHEIRSHAPESARECHANGEABLEANDTHOSEKINDSOFMATERIALSALSOBESEPARATEDINTODIFFERENTKINDOFORGANICMATERIALSANDINORGANICMATERIALS教学重点及难点教学重点INTRODUCTIONTOTHEORETICMECHANICSANDADVANCEDENGINEERINGMECHANICS,WHICHTHATHASTOINCLUDE1THEDEFINITIONOFMECHANICALMOTIONTHESITUATIONOFMATTERINSPACEWASCHANGEDWITHRESPECTIVETOTHEVARIABLETIME2BASICQNANTITIESLENGTH、TIME、MASS、FORCE3IDEALIZATIONSTOTHEMODELS4SIGNIFICANTPARTICLES5THEAPPLICATIONOFRIGIDBODY6）CONCENTRATEDFORCE7NEWTONSTHREELAWSOFMOTION8NEWTONSLAWOFGRAVITATIONALATTRACTION9THEMATHEMATICALDERIVATIONSOFTHEWEIGHTANDTHEGRAVITATIONALFORCE10UNITSOFMEASUREMENTSIUNITSTHEINTERNATIONALSYSTEMOFUNITS11NUMERICALCALCULATIONSINCLUDING1DIMENSIONALHOMOGENEITY2SIGNIFICANTFIGURESDIGITS3ROUNDINGOFFNUMBERS教学难点11INTRODUCTIONTOTHEPROPERTIESOFTHEORETICMECHANICS,12INTRODUCTIONTOTHETHEFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTSOFSTATICSINTHETHEORETICMECHANICS,13INTRODUCTIONTOTHETHEUNITSOFMEASUREMENTS教学基本内容及过程周一、二第3、4节两班共同授课内容1、INTRODUCTIONTOENGINEERINGMATERIALSARETHOSEUSEDINMANUFACTUREANDBECOMEPARTSOFPRODUCTSSHOULDBEFURTHERSUBDIVIDEDINTO1METALS2CERAMICS3COMPOSITE4POLYMERSETC2、INTRODUCTIONTONONENGINEERINGMATERIALSARETHECHEMICALS,FUELS,LUBRICANTSANDOTHERMATERIALSUSEDINTHEMANUFACTURINGPROCESS,BUTWHICHDONOTBECOMEPARTOFTHEPRODUCTETC3、INTRODUCTIONTOTHESPECIALELEMENTSWITHINAKINDOFCERAMICSMATERIALS,OTHERTHENTHEPORCELAINCHINACLAYPOTTERSEARTHETCESPECIALLY,EMPHASISTOHINTTHEGLOBALFOCUSANDTHETREASUREOFOURCOUNTRYWHICHISTHEREERAREEARTHELEMENTPHASE4、METALALLOYSINCLUDESTAINLESSSTEELWHICHISANALLOYOFIRON,NICKEL,ANDGOLDJEWELRYWHICHUSUALLYCONTAINSANALLOYOFGOLDANDNICKELALLOYSARECOMPOUNDSCONSISTINGOFMORETHANONEMETALADDINGOTHERMETALSCANAFFECTTHEDENSITY,STRENGTH,FRACTURETOUGHNESS,PLASTICDEFORMATION,ELECTRICALCONDUCTIVITYANDENVIRONMENTALDEGRADATION5、SOMEMETALALLOYS,SUCHASTHOSEBASEDONALUMINUM,HAVELOWDENSITIESANDAREUSEDINAEROSPACEAPPLICATIONSFORFUELECONOMY6、ITISIMPOSSIBLETOSEETHROUGHMETALS,SINCETHESEVALENCEELECTRONSABSORBANYPHOTONSOFLIGHT,WHICHREACHTHEMETAL7、SOMEOFTHEUSEFULPROPERTIESOFCERAMICSANDGLASSESINCLUDEHIGHMELTINGTEMPERATURES,LOWDENSITY,HIGHSTRENGTH,STIFFNESS,HARDNESS,WEARRESISTANCEANDCORROSIONRESISTANCE8、ANOPTICALFIBERCONTAINSTHREELAYERSACOREMADEOFHIGHLYPUREGLASSWITHAHIGHREFRACTIVEINDEXFORLIGHTTOTRAVEL,AMIDDLELAYEROFGLASSWITHALOWERREFRACTIVEINDEXKNOWNASTHECLADDINGWHICHPROTECTSTHECOREGLASSFROMSCRATCHESANDOTHERSURFACEIMPERFECTIONS,ANDANOUTERPOLYMERJACKETTOPROTECTTHEFIBERFROMDAMAGE9、PARTICLESREINFORCEDCOMPOSITESPARTICLESAREUSEDTOINCREASETHEMODULUSOFTHEMATRIX,TODECREASETHEPERMEABILITYOFTHEMATRIX,TODECREASETHEDUCTILITYOFTHEMATRIXSUCHASANEXAMPLEOFPARTICLESREINFORCEDCOMPOSITESISANAUTOMOBILETIREWHICHHASCARBONBLACKPARTICLESINAMATRIXOFPOLYISOBUTYLENE聚异乙/丁烯ELASTOMERICPOLYMERPARTICLESUSEDFORREINFORCINGINCLUDECERAMICSANDGLASSESSUCHASSMALLMINERALPARTICLES,METALPARTICLESSUCHASALUMINUM,ANDAMORPHOUSMATERIALS,INCLUDINGPOLYMERSANDCARBONBLACK10、IMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICSOFPOLYMERS1SIZESINGLEPOLYMERMOLECULESTYPICALLYHAVEMOLECULARWEIGHTSBETWEEN10,000AND1,000,000G/MOLTHATCANBEMORETHAN2,000REPEATINGUNITSDEPENDINGONTHEPOLYMERSTRUCTURETHEOTHERSOMEIMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICSOFPOLYMERSINCLUDETHEIRSIZEORMOLECULARWEIGHT,SOFTENINGANDMELTINGPOINTS,CRYSTALLINITY结晶度,ANDSTRUCTURETHEMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFPOLYMERSGENERALLYINCLUDELOWSTRENGTHANDHIGHTOUGHNESSTHEIRSTRENGTHISOFTENIMPROVEDUSINGREINFORCEDCOMPOSITESTRUCTURES11、IMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICSOFPOLYMERS1SIZE2THERMALTRANSITIONS3CRYSTALLINITY4INTERCHAININTERACTIONS链间相互作用5INTERCHAINSTRUCTURETHECHEMICALSTRUCTUREOFTHECHAINS12、REINFORCINGFIBERSCANBEMADEOFMETALS,CERAMICS,GLASSES,ORPOLYMERSTHATHAVEBEENTURNEDINTOGRAPHITEANDKNOWNASCARBONFIBERS,FIBERSINCREASETHEMODULUSOFTHEMATRIXMATERIALTHESTRONGCOVALENTBONDSALONGTHEFIBERSLENGTHGIVETHEMAVERYHIGHMODULUSINTHISDIRECTIONBECAUSETOBREAKOREXTENDTHEFIBERANDTHEBONDSMUSTALSOBEBROKENORMOVED教学基本内容及过程周三第5、6节2班单周授课内容作业和思考题依照理论力学静力学篇原文教材的英文课文进行段落重点式讲解，并提示及灌输学生科技性英文论文SINCETHEIRIMPROVEDPHYSICALPROPERTIESTHEYAREUSEDCOMMERCIALLYINMANYWAYSNOTPOSSIBLEWITHCARBONSTEELS了解1、WHENALLOYSARECOOLEDRAPIDLY,ENTIRELYDIFFERENTRESULTSMAYBEOBTAINED,BECAUSESUFFICIENTTIMEISNOTPROVIDEDFORTHENORMALPHASEREACTIONSTOOCCUR2、PROCEDURESOFHEATTREATMENTOFMETALSINCLUDING1HARDENING2TEMPERING3ANNEALING4NORMALIZINGANDSPHEROIDIZING3、PROCESSESOFSURFACEHARDENINGINCLUDING1CARBURIZING2CARBONITRIDING3）CYANIDING4NITRIDING教学重点及难点重点1、INTRODUCTIONTOTHEHEATTREATMENTOFMETALS,ANDTHESIMPLIFIEDIRONCARBONDIAGRAMWHICHTHATISOFTENUSED2、THEUNDERSTANDINGOFHEATTREATMENTISEMBRACEDBYTHEBROADERSTUDYOFMETALLURGY3、INTRODUCTIONTOTHEPROCEDURESOFHEATTREATMENTOFMETALSWHICHTHATINCLUDING1HARDENING2TEMPERING3ANNEALING4NORMALIZINGANDSPHEROIDIZING4、ACERAMICISOFTENBROADLYDEFINEDASANYINORGANICNONMETALLICMATERIALBYTHISDEFINITION,CERAMICMATERIALSWOULDALSOINCLUDEGLASSESHOWEVER,MANYMATERIALSSCIENTISTSADDTHESTIPULATIONTHAT“CERAMICS“MUSTALSOBECRYSTALLINE难点1、STEELCANBEHARDENEDTORESISTCUTTINGACTIONANDABRASION,ORITCANBESOFTENEDTOPERMITMACHINING2、PROCEDURESOFHEATTREATMENTOFMETALSINCLUDING1HARDENING2TEMPERING3ANNEALING4NORMALIZINGANDSPHEROIDIZING3、PROCESSESOFSURFACEHARDENINGINCLUDING1CARBURIZING2CARBONITRIDING3）CYANIDING4NITRIDING4、ALLOYSTEELSOWETHEIRPROPERTIESTOTHEPRESENCEOFONEORMOREELEMENTSOTHERTHANCARBON,NAMELYNICKEL,CHROMIUM,MANGANESE,MOLYBDENUM,TUNGSTEN,SILICON,VANADIUM,ANDCOPPERSINCETHEIRIMPROVEDPHYSICALPROPERTIESTHEYAREUSEDCOMMERCIALLYINMANYWAYSNOTPOSSIBLEWITHCARBONSTEELS教学基本内容及过程1、INTRODUCTIONTOTHEMETALTREATINGMETHODSOFTHEHEATTREATMENTOFMETALSWHICHBEUSEDINTHEPROCEDURESOFHEATTREATMENTOFMETALSWHICHTHATINCLUDING1HARDENING2TEMPERING3ANNEALING4NORMALIZINGANDSPHEROIDIZING2、ALLOYSTEELSOWETHEIRPROPERTIESTOTHEPRESENCEOFONEORMOREELEMENTSOTHERTHANCARBON,NAMELYNICKEL,CHROMIUM,MANGANESE,MOLYBDENUM,TUNGSTEN,SILICON,VANADIUM,ANDCOPPERSINCETHEIRIMPROVEDPHYSICALPROPERTIESTHEYAREUSEDCOMMERCIALLYINMANYWAYSNOTPOSSIBLEWITHCARBONSTEELS3、INTRODUCTIONTOTHESPECIALELEMENTSWITHINAKINDOFCERAMICSMATERIALS,OTHERTHENTHEMICAQUARTZGLASSSILICONPORCELAINCHINACLAYPOTTERSEARTHETCESPECIALLY,LETSEMPHASISTOHINTTHEGLOBALFOCUSANDTHETREASUREOFOURCOUNTRYTHEREERAREEARTHELEMENTPHASE4、THOSEPORTIONSOFTHEIRONCARBONDIAGRAMNEARTHEDELTAREGIONANDTHOSEABOVE2CARBONCONTENTAREOFLITTLEIMPORTANCETOTHEENGINEERANDAREDELETEDNOTETHESOLIDSOLUTION固溶体状态；THEDELTAREGION铁素体区5、THEIRONWANTSTOCHANGEFROMTHEFCCFACECENTEREDCUBICAUSTENITESTRUCTURETOTHEBBCBODYCENTEREDCUBICFERRITESTRUCTURE,BUTTHEFERRITECANONLYCONTAIN002CARBONINSOLIDSOLUTION6、ITISIMPOSSIBLETOSEETHROUGHMETALS,SINCETHESEVALENCEELECTRONSABSORBANYPHOTONSOFLIGHT,WHICHREACHTHEMETALINGENERAL,WHILEPROCESSINGELECTROLYSISREACTIONTHEMETALSAREOPAQUEORADIAPHANOUSANDSOTHEOTHERELECTRODEMUSTBETRANSPARENTINTHEELECTROLYTICCELL7、THISSTRUCTUREOFTHELAMELLARSTRUCTUREOFALTERNATINGPLATESTHATFORMSONSLOWCOOLING,ISCOMPOSEDOFTWODISTINCTPHASES,BUTHASITSOWNSETOFCHARACTERISTICPROPERTIESANDGOESBYTHENAMEPEARLITE,BECAUSEOFITSRESEMBLANCETOMOTHEROFPEARLATLOWMAGNIFICATION8、TIELINEANDLEVERLAWCALCULATIONSSHOWTHATLOWCARBONFERRITENUCLEATESANDGROWSLEAVINGTHEREMAININGAUSTENITERICHERINCARBON9、THEPROCEDURESOFHEATTREATMENTOFMETALSWHICHTHOSEINCLUDING1HARDENINGTHEPROCESSOFHEATINGAPIECEOFSTEELTOATEMPERATUREWITHINORABOVEITSCRITICALRANGEANDTHENCOOLINGRAPIDLYANDINANYHEATTREATINGOPERATIONTHERATEOFHEATINGISIMPORTANT2TEMPERINGITISPOSSIBLEBECAUSEOFTHEINSTABILITYOFTHEMARTENSITE,THEPRINCIPALCONSTITUENTOFHARDENEDSTEELTHEOPERATIONCONSISTOFREHEATINGQUENCHHARDENEDSTEELTOSOMETEMPERATUREBELOWTHECRITICALRANGEFOLLOWEDBYANYRATEOFCOOLING,THEFINALSTRUCTUREOBTAINEDFROMTEMPERINGFULLYHARDENEDSTEELISCALLEDTEMPEREDMARTENSITE3ANNEALINGTHEPRIMARYPURPOSEOFTHISPROCEDUREISTOSOFTENHARDSTEELSOTHATMAYBEMACHINEDORCOLDWORKEDTHISPROCESSISKNOWNASFULLANNEALINGBECAUSEITWIPESOUTALLTRACEOFPREVIOUSSTRUCTURE,REFINESTHECRYSTALLINESTRUCTURE,ANDSOFTENSTHEMETAL4NORMALIZINGANDSPHEROIDIZINGTHEPROCESSOFNORMALIZINGCONSISTSOFHEATINGTHESTEELABOUT10TO40ABOVETHEUPPERCRITICALRANGEANDCOOLINGINSTILLAIRTOROOMTEMPERATURETHATISPRINCIPALLYUSEDWITHLOWANDMEDIUMCARBONSTEELSASWELLASALLOYSTEELSTOMAKETHEGRAINSTRUCTUREMOREUNIFORM,TORELIEVEINTERNALSTRESSES,ORTOACHIEVEDESIREDRESULTSINPHYSICALPROPERTIESMOSTCOMMERCIALSTEELSARENORMALIZEDAFTERBEINGROLLEDORCAST10、THEPROCESSESOFSURFACEHARDENINGWHICHINCLUDE1CARBURIZING渗碳法THECARBONISABSORBEDINTOTHEMETALTOFORMASOLIDSOLUTIONWITHIRONANDCONVERTSTHEOUTERSURFACEINTOHIGHCARBONSTEEL,THECARBONISGRADUALLYDIFFUSEDTOTHEINTERIOROFTHEPARTSTEELFORCARBURIZINGISUSUALLYALOWCARBONSTEELOFABOUT015CARBONTHATWOULDNOTINITSELFRESPONDSAPPRECIABLYTOHEATTREATMENT2CARBONITRIDINGIT,SOMETIMESALSOKNOWNASDRYCYANIDINGORNICARBING,ISACASEHARDENINGPROCESSINWHICHTHESTEELISHELDATATEMPERATUREABOVETHECRITICALRANGEINAGASEOUSATMOSPHEREFROMWHICHITABSORBSCARBONANDNITROGENANYCARBONRICHGASWITHAMMONIACANBEUSED3CYANIDINGTHATORLIQUIDCARBONITRIDINGASITISSOMETIMESCALLED,ISALSOAPROCESSTHATCOMBINESTHEABSORPTIONOFCARBONANDNITROGENTOOBTAINSURFACEHARDNESSINLOWCARBONSTEELSTHATDONOTRESPONDTOORDINARYHEATTREATMENTTHEPARTTOBECASEHARDENEDISIMMERSEDINABATHOFFUSEDSODIUMCYANIDESALTSATATEMPERATURESLIGHTLYABOVETHEAC1RANGE,THEDURATIONOFSOAKINGDEPENDINGONTHEDEPTHOFTHECASE4NITRIDINGITISSOMEWHATSIMILARTOORDINARYCASEHARDENING,BUTITUSESADIFFERENTMATERIALANDTREATMENTTOCREATETHEHARDSURFACECONSTITUENTSINTHISPROCESSTHEMETALISHEATEDTOATEMPERATUREOFAROUND510ANDHELDTHEREFORAPERIODOFTIMEINCONTACTWITHAMMONIAGASNITROGENFROMTHEGASISINTRODUCEDINTOTHESTEEL,FORMINGVERYHARDNITRIDESTHATAREFINELYDISPERSEDTHROUGHTHESURFACEMETAL11、NITROGENHASGREATERHARDENINGABILITYWITHCERTAINELEMENTSTHANWITHOTHERS,HENCE,SPECIALNITRIDINGALLOYSTEELSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDTHETEMPERATUREOFHEATINGRANGESFROM495TO565,LIQUIDNITRIDINGUTILIZESMOLTENCYANIDESALTSAND,ASINGASNITRIDING,THETEMPERATUREISHELDBELOWTHETRANSFORMATIONRANGE,LIQUIDNITRIDINGADDSMORENITROGENANDLESSCARBONTHANEITHERCYANIDINGORCARBURIZINGINCYANIDEBATHS作业和思考题1、依照教材中各章节内的英文课文进行段落、重点式讲解，并提示DURINGORAFTERCOOLING,THECASTPARTISREMOVEDFROMTHEMOLDANDTHENPROCESSEDFORDELIVERY熟悉CASTINGPROCESSESANDCASTMATERIALTECHNOLOGIESVARYFROMSIMPLETOHIGHLYCOMPLEXMATERIALANDPROCESSSELECTIONDEPENDSONTHEPARTSCOMPLEXITYANDFUNCTION,THEPRODUCTSQUALITYSPECIFICATIONS,ANDTHEPROJECTEDCOSTLEVEL了解CASTINGSAREPARTSTHATAREMADECLOSETOTHEIRFINALDIMENSIONSBYACASTINGPROCESSWITHAHISTORYDATINGBACK6,000YEARS,THEVARIOUSCASTINGPROCESSESAREINASTATEOFCONTINUOUSREFINEMENTANDEVOLUTIONASTECHNOLOGICALADVANCESAREBEINGMADE教学重点及难点重点1、INTRODUCTIONTOTHEDIFFERENTKINDSOFCASTINGPROCESSES,ATWHICHTHATINCLUDES1SANDCASTING2INVESTMENTCASTING3CENTRIFUGALCASTING2、THEUNDERSTANDINGOFVARIOUSKINDSOFVARIABLECASTMATERIALTECHNOLOGIESFROMSIMPLETOHIGHLYCOMPLEX,ESPECIALLY,THEINVESTMENTCASTING,ITCANBEUSEDTOMAKEPARTSTHATCANNOTBEPRODUCEDBYNORMALMANUFACTURINGTECHNIQUES,SUCHASTURBINEBLADESTHATHAVECOMPLEXSHAPES,ORAIRPLANEPARTSTHATHAVETOWITHSTANDHIGHTEMPERATURES3、INTRODUCTIONTOTHEPROCEDURESOFTHEINVESTMENTCASTING,THEMOLDOFINVESTMENTCASTINGPROCESSISMADEBYMAKINGAPATTERNUSINGWAXORSOMEOTHERMATERIALTHATCANBEMELTEDAWAYANDTHISWAXPATTERNISDIPPEDINREFRACTORYSLURRY,WHICHCOATSTHEWAXPATTERNANDFORMSASKINWAITINGTHISISDRIEDANDTHEPROCESSOFDIPPINGINTHESLURRYANDDRYINGISREPEATEDUNTILAROBUSTTHICKNESSISACHIEVED难点1、THEMATERIALSUSEDFORTHESLURRYAREAMIXTUREOFPLASTER,ABINDERANDPOWDEREDSILICA,AREFRACTORY,FORLOWTEMPERATUREMELTS2、FORHIGHERTEMPERATUREMELTS,SILLIMANITEORALUMINASILICATEISUSEDASAREFRACTORY,ANDSILICAISUSEDASABINDER3、DEPENDINGONTHEFINENESSOFTHEFINISHDESIREDADDITIONALCOATINGSOFSILLIMANITEANDETHYLSILICATEMAYBEAPPLIED4、ALLOYSTEELSOWETHEIRPROPERTIESTOTHEPRESENCEOFONEORMOREELEMENTSOTHERTHANCARBON,NAMELYNICKEL,CHROMIUM,MANGANESE,MOLYBDENUM,TUNGSTEN,SILICON,VANADIUM,ANDCOPPERSINCETHEIRIMPROVEDPHYSICALPROPERTIESTHEYAREUSEDCOMMERCIALLYINMANYWAYSNOTPOSSIBLEWITHCARBONSTEELS5、THEMOLDTHUSPRODUCEDCANBEUSEDDIRECTLYFORLIGHTCASTINGS,ORBEREINFORCEDBYPLACINGITINALARGERCONTAINERANDREINFORCINGITMORESLURRY6、THEPOURINTHEPREHEATEDMOLDALSOENSURESTHATTHEMOLDWILLFILLCOMPLETELYPOURINGCANBEDONEUSINGGRAVITY,PRESSUREORVACUUMCONDITIONSATTENTIONMUSTBEPAIDTOMOLDPERMEABILITYWHENUSINGPRESSURE,TOALLOWTHEAIRTOESCAPEASTHEPOURISDONE教学基本内容及过程1、INTRODUCTIONTOTHEINVESTMENTCASTINGMETHODS,THATISALSOKNOWNASTHELOSTWAXPROCESSTHISPROCESSISONEOFTHEOLDESTMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESTHEEGYPTIANSUSEDITINTHETIMEOFTHEPHARAOHSTOMAKEGOLDJEWELRYHENCETHENAMEINVESTMENT2、WITHRESPECTTOTHISUNITTHEACRONYMS（词首字母缩略组合词）SINCETHEIRIMPROVEDPHYSICALPROPERTIESTHEYAREUSEDCOMMERCIALLYINMANYWAYSNOTPOSSIBLEWITHCARBONSTEELS3、INTRODUCTIONTOTHESPECIALELEMENTS,WHICHEXISTWITHINSOMEKINDOFCERAMICSMATERIALS,OTHERTHENTHEMICAQUARTZGLASSSILICONPORCELAINCHINACLAYPOTTERSEARTHETCESPECIALLY,LETSEMPHASISTOHINTTHEGLOBALFOCUSANDTHETREASUREOFOURCOUNTRYTHEREERAREEARTHELEMENT,WHICHWILLJOINTHEHIGHTEMPERATURE2INVESTMENTCASTING3CENTRIFUGALCASTING5、CASTINGSAREPARTSTHATAREMADECLOSETOTHEIRFINALSHAPESWITHAHISTORYDATINGBACK6,000YEARS,THEVARIOUSCASTINGPROCESSESAREINASTATEOFCONTINUOUSREFINEMENTANDEVOLUTIONASTECHNOLOGICALMOLTENMETALISPOUREDINTOAMOLDCAVITYFORMEDOUTOFSANDNATURALORSYNTHETICTHEPROCESSESOFSANDCASTINGAREDISCUSSEDINTHISSECTION,INCLUDINGPATTERNS,SPRUESANDRUNNERS,POSITIONOFCAVITY,DESIGNCONSIDERATIONS,ANDCASTINGALLOWANCE7、THECAVITYINTHESANDISFORMEDBYUSINGAPATTERNANAPPROXIMATEDUPLICATEOFTHEREALPART,WHICHARETYPICALLYMADEOUTOFWOOD,SOMETIMESMETALTHECAVITYISCONTAINEDINANAGGREGATEHOUSEDINABOXCALLEDTHEFLASK8、COREISASANDSHAPEINSERTEDINTOTHEMOLDTOPRODUCETHEINTERNALFEATURESOFTHEPARTSUCHASHOLESORINTERNALPASSAGESATWHICHCORESAREPLACEDINTHECAVITYTOFORMHOLESOFTHEDESIREDSHAPES9、INGENERAL,TYPICALSTAGESOFSANDCASTINGOPERATIONINCLUDING1PATTERNSAREMADETHESEWILLBETHESHAPEUSEDTOFORMTHECAVITYINTHESAND2COREALSOMAYBEMADEATTHISTIMETHESECORESAREMADEOFBONDEDSANDTHATWILLBEBROKENOUTOFTHECASTPARTAFTERITISCOMPLETE3SANDISMULLEDMIXEDTHOROUGHLYWITHADDITIVESSUCHASBENTONITETOINCREASEBONDINGANDOVERALLSTRENGTH4SANDISFORMEDABOUTTHEPATTERNS,ANDGATES,RUNNERS,RISERS,VENTSANDPOURINGCUPSAREADDEDASNEEDEDACOMPACTIONSTAGEISTYPICALLYUSEDTOENSUREGOODCOVERAGEANDSOLIDMOLDS5THEPATTERNSAREREMOVED,ANDTHEMOLDSMAYBEPUTTHROUGHABAKINGSTAGETOINCREASETHEIRSTRENGTH6MOLDHALVESAREMATEDANDPREPAREDFORPOURINGMETAL7METALISPREHEATEDINAFURNACEORCRUCIBLEUNTILISABOVETHELIQUIDUSTEMPERATUREINASUITABLERANGE,ANDWEDONTWANTTHEMETALSOLIDIFYINGBEFORETHEPOURISCOMPLETE8THEMETALISPOUREDSLOWLY,BUTCONTINUOUSLYINTOTHEMOLDUNTILTHEMOLDISFULL9ASTHEMOLTENMETALCOOLSMINUTESTODAYS,THEMETALWILLSHRINKANDTHEVOLUMEWILLDECREASEDURINGTHISTIMEMOLTENMETALMAYBACKFLOWFROMTHEMOLTENRISERSTOFEEDTHEPARTANDMAINTAINTHESAMESHAPE10ONCETHEPARTSTARTSTOSOLIDIFYSMALLDENDRITESOFSOLIDMATERIALFORMINTHEPARTDURINGTHISTIMETHEPROPERTIESOFMETALAREBEINGDETERMINED,ANDINTERNALSTRESSESAREBEINGGENERATED11ONCETHEPARTHASCOMPLETELYSOLIDIFIEDBELOWTHEEUTECTICPOINTITMAYBEREMOVEDWITHNOCONCERNFORFINALMETALPROPERTIES,ATTHISPOINTTHESURFACEWILLHAVEAQUANTITYOFSANDADHERINGTOTHESURFACE,ANDSOLIDCOREINSIDE12ABULKOFTHEREMAININGSANDANDCORESCANBEREMOVEDBYMECHANICALLYBYSTRIKINGTHEPARTOTHEROPTIONSARETOUSEAVIBRATINGTABLE,SAND/SHOTBLASTER,HANDLABOR,ETC13THEFINALPARTISCUTOFFTHERUNNERGATESYSTEM,ANDISNEARFINALSHAPEUSINGCUTTERS,TORCHES,ETCGRINDINGOPERATIONSAREUSEDTOREMOVEANYREMAININGBULK14THEPARTISTAKENDOWNTOFINALSHAPEUSINGMACHININGOPERATIONSANDCLEANINGOPERATIONSMAYBEUSEDTOREMOVEOXIDES,ETC10、CENTRIFUGALCASTINGASACATEGORYINCLUDES1CENTRIFUGALCASTING2SEMICENTRIFUGALCASTING3CENTRIFUGINGINCENTRIFUGALCASTING,APERMANENTMOLDISROTATEDABOUTITSAXISATHIGHSPEEDS300TO3,000RPMASTHEMOLTENMETALISPOURED11、THEMOLTENMETALISCENTRIFUGALLYTHROWNTOWARDSTHEINSIDEMOLDWALL,WHEREITSOLIDIFIESAFTERCOOLINGTHECASTINGISUSUALLYAFINEGRAINCASTINGWITHAVERYFINEGRAINEDOUTERDIAMETER,WHICHISRESISTANTTOATMOSPHERICCORROSION,ATYPICALSITUATIONWITHPIPESTHEINSIDEDIAMETERHASMOREIMPURITIESANDINCLUSIONS,WHICHCANBEMACHINEDAWAY12、FULLMOLDCASTINGITISATECHNIQUESIMILARTOINVESTMENTCASTING,BUTINSTEADOFWAXASTHEEXPENDABLEMATERIAL,POLYSTYRENEFOAMISUSEDASTHEPATTERNTHEFOAMPATTERNISCOATEDWITHAREFRACTORYMATERIALTHEPATTERNISENCASEDINONEPIECEANDMOLDASTHEMETALISPOURED,THEFOAMVAPORIZES,ANDTHEMETALTAKESITSPLACETYPICALMATERIALSTHATCANBECASTWITHTHISPROCESSAREALUMINUM,IRON,STEEL,NICKELALLOYS,COPPERALLOYSTYPESOFPARTSTHATCANBEMADEUSINGTHESEPROCESSESAREPUMPHOUSINGS,MANIFOLDS,ANDAUTOBRAKECOMPONENTS作业和思考题1、除了依照教材英文课文进行段落阐述、重点式讲解，同时，适度添加辅助教材的新知识、新概念，借以增广学生的见闻、启发学生的求知欲望；并且提示、指导ITISUSEDINPRODUCINGCOMPONENTSOFALLSHAPESANDSIZES,FROMQUITESMALLITEMSTOLARGEUNITSWEIGHINGSEVERALTONS熟悉FORGINGISTHEPROCESSBYWHICHMETALISHEATEDANDISSHAPEDBYPLASTICDEFORMATIONBYSUITABLYAPPLYINGCOMPRESSIVEFORCEUSUALLYTHECOMPRESSIVEFORCEISINTHEFORMOFHAMMERBLOWSUSINGAPOWERHAMMERORAPRESS了解1、HANDFORGINGTOOLSCOMPRISEVARIOUSLYSHAPEDHAMMERTHEBASEONWHICHTHEWORKISSUPPORTEDDURINGFORGINGISTHEANVIL2、THESEMIMECHANIZEDFORGINGOFSMALLTOMEDIUMSIZEDCOMPONENTSFORGINGHAMMERPOWEREDBYVARIOUSMEANSAREEMPLOYED教学重点及难点重点1、INTRODUCTIONTOTHEGENERALDIFFERENTKINDSOFCOMMONFORGINGPROCESSES,ATWHICHTHATINCLUDES1OPENDIEFORGINGS/HANDFORGINGS2IMPRESSIONDIEFORGINGS3PRESSFORGINGS4UPSETFORGINGS5ROLLFORGINGS5SWAGINGFORGINGS6NETSHAPE/NEARNETSHAPEFORGINGS2、THEUNDERSTANDINGOFDIFFERENTKINDSOFVARIOUSFORGINGPROCESSES,ANDTECHNOLOGIESFROMSMALLSIZEDTOHEAVYFORGINGS,SUCHASMARINEPROPELLERSHAFTS,ANIMMENSELYPOWERFULHYDRAULICPRESSSQUEEZESTHEMETALWITHTHEGREATESTFORCE3、INTRODUCTIONTOTHEPROCEDURESOFTHEGENERALDIFFERENTKINDSOFCOMMONFORGINGPROCESSES,FORGINGSARECONSISTENTFROMPIECETOPIECE,WITHOUTANYOFTHEPO