名词从句演示文档

.,名词性从句,Grammar and usage,Noun Clauses,.,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,.,His job is important.,What he does is important.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,.,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,宾语,同位语,.,She is having lunch.,The baby looks uncomfortable.,To talk with friends would be a pleasure.,Doing like this is very interesting.,-,-,-,-,找出主语,.,主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）,定义： 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether；连接代词who, what和which；连接副词when, where, how和why。,.,主语从句三要素,he became a great scientist is known to us all.,Is what you told me really true?,谓语动词用单数,从句用陈述语序,不能省略关联词,How,.,主语从句,that whether who whom whose what which when where why how,从 句引导词:,1. That he knows Japanese is known to all.,他懂英语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3. When he will come is unknown .,4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他什么时候来不清楚.,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.,主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It,主语太长了!放到句尾,Details,Details,Details,Details,That无词义,不可省略,What “什么”, “所.的”,2. What surprised me was to see him here .,When “什么时候”,主语从句不用 if,位于句首,.,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。,1. It is certain that he will succeed.2. It is not known whether he will go there.3. It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.,“It” is used as empty subject.,形式主语,.,Its likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Its said / reported that 据说/据报道It seems / appears / happens that 似乎/好像/碰巧.Its been announced / declared that已经通知/宣布Its no wonder that 并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity / a fact / common knowledge (众所周知)/ a common saying (俗话说) that,在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句,.,It 作主语的常用句型有:,1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句,2. It + be +名称词组(duty/pity.) + that 从句,3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought.) + that 从句,4. It +不及物动词(seem/happen.) + that 从句,It is a pity that we cant go swimming.,It is said that he told her everything.,It happened that I was out that day.,It is certain that he will do well in the exam.,真可惜我们不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考试肯定会考好.据说他已告诉了她一切.,注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以说: It looks as if.,happen只有 it 句型,It is said只有 it 句型,More,.,疑问句中应该用 形式主语It 句型,1,Whatever we do must be in the interest of the people. ( )It must be in the interest of the people whatever we do ( ),2,名词性关系代词whatever/whoever/whichever/wherever/what引导的主语从句一般放在句首,改错,1. It is true what he said.,What he said is true. 放在句首,2. Is that he will come certain?,Is it certain that he will come? 问句,3.He can swim is known to all.,That he can swim is known to all. 从句必须有引导词,.,1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out .5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,Subject Clause,主语从句,.,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,.,划出表语,The mouse is fat.,The dog becomes happy.,The ice cream tastes sweet.,The cat seems angry.,-,-,-,-,.,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。 作用:对主语进行解释说明。,表语从句,.,连接词,when / where / why / how / because,that / whether / as if / as though (if不引导表语从句),连接代词,who / whom / whose / which / what,连接副词,.,从 句 同主语从句 (11个), 外加引导词: as if as though,1. The truth is _ he has never been to the countryside.,2. The question is _ we can finish the experiment by Friday.,3. It looks _ it were going to rain.,4. This school is no longer _ it was before.,Predictive clause(表语从句),that,whether,as if,what,.,1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when,.,7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who,.,注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法,This is where Lu Xun once lived.That was how they won the match.This is why she got up so early this morning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她今天早上起得这么早的原因.,.,我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.,This is how we overcame the difficulties,That is why he was absent yesterday.,This is where we met last Sunday.,.,_ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what,主语从句,宾语从句,.,3. This is _ he was often late for school. A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun. A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move,表语从句,同位语从句,.,At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.,Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them.,Appositive Clause (同位语从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Object Clause (宾语从句),Predicative Clause (表语从句),.,Do the Exercise on page 9,.,Useful Phrases,reduce paina scientific studybreath insniff pleasant smelltake the painbe related to be linked to,减少疼痛一次科学研究吸进闻香味忍受疼痛与相关和有联系的,.,.,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,I dont doubt (that) you will succeed.I dont know whether/if he will come tonight.I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.,3个句子中的连词that, whether, if (是否)在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词。注意: A. that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B. whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句,而if 仅可以用于宾语从句。,引导名词性从句的关联词,连接词,.,一、名词性从句的语序,(1) 名词性从句构成有两种,a. That + 陈述句,That light travels in straight lines is known to all.,This is what we are looking for.,名词性从句考点归纳,b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分,.,Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述 句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,.,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,(1) that 和what 的选用,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,.,that / what,1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true?6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,.,a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句 时不用if.,if和whether的选用,不能使用if 的情况:,.,1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I havent decided _ to go there.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether / if,whether,whether,whether,whether,if / whether,.,其它连接代词和副词的使用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,.,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,.,that可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略,引导词that的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,.,1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _ he is careless.4. The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,that / (that),.,1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,n. + 连接词 + 从句,fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等,whether, what, when, where等来引导同位语从句。,.,1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.,where,how,that,that,whether,that / whether / where / how,.,定语从句是先行词的修饰语, 它不涉及 先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用, 而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分, 充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的 解释和说明, 表明中心词的具体内容。 引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中 不做任何成分, 只起连接作用, 无具体含 义, 且不可省略。,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,.,We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,AT,AP,AP,AT,Attributive or Appositive,.,He gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm now.,名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do, should可省略,.,a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 He believes _ . b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Please tell me _ .,his dream will come true some day,at this time yesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。,what you were doing,.,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us _.,he was preparing for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line,2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,.,The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2. The reason _ he gave for his absence was _ he was ill.,reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that 引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还需特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,.,Part A and Part B on page 11.,.,have anything to do withoverall healthmake the most ofmisuse our sensesignore our sense of touchrather thanwear a nightshirtbe pleasant to touchsleep deeplygive sb. chance to do sth.,与有任何关系全身健康充分利用误用我们的器官忽视我们的触觉而不是/胜过穿着睡衣手感好睡得深给某人机会做某事,Language Points,.,at the North Polemake ones way toget to my destinationwalk through the thick snowbecome worseIt is/becomes impossible to do sth.lose sight ofcontinue walking sweat with fear,在北极朝某地走去到达我的目的地走过厚厚的积雪变得更糟做某事不可能看不见继续走害怕得出汗,.,高考链接,.,By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of _ you read. (2007上海春) A. that B. what C. which D. whether2. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. (2007浙江) A. where B. what C. when D. why,.,3. You can only be sure of _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. (2007安徽) A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that4. It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe yourself. (2007福建) A. how B. what C. whichD. when,.,.,They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2. The fact _ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3. I have no idea _ he will come back. A. where B. when C. what D. if,Choose the best answer,.,4. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that5. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether C. that D. which,.,6. The question is _ the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 7. They received orders _ the work be done at once. A. which B. when C. / D. that 8. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because,.,9. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because10. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if,.,11. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that12. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon,.,13. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break14. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what,.,15. - Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes16. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if,.,17. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what,.,18. It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how19. It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how20. It _ Joe dr