英语四级作文专题讲解

1、1.1 大纲要求自2005年6月起，四级新题型的总分为710分，各单项分之和等于总分，总分425分及以上为及格，对总分在220分以上（220分）的考生发放成绩报告单。凡总分在220分以下者（包括缺考生和作弊违纪者），其单项分和总分均计为0分，不发成绩报告单。大学英语四级考试作文部分（占总分的15%）单项成绩的计分满分为106分。作文如没有做答或全部抄袭阅读部分，该部分成绩计为0分。大学英语教学大纲对学生写的能力有明确的规定：能在半小时内写出120词左右的短文，包括书信、文章摘要等。文理基本通顺。具体地说，四级写作一般是要求学生运用学到的语言知识，按规定的题目和提示，在半小时内写出120词的短文

2、，内容连贯，无重大语法错误。英语四级作文专题讲解作文评分原则CET-4作文评卷工作中，实行模拟试改，淘汰不合要求的阅卷教师，并严格要求教师遵循如下评分原则：1) CET-4是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求的考试，因此对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2) CET-4作文题采用总体评分方法(Global Scoring)。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Rewarding Scores)，而不按语言点的错误数目扣分。3) 从内容和语言对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是个统一体。作文应表达作文题目所规定的内容，而内容通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，还要考虑是否用英

3、语清楚地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4) 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分。一位阅卷人员在所评判的全部试卷当中不应只给中间的几个分数。英语四级作文专题讲解1.3 评分标准1) 本题满分为15分。2) 阅卷标准通常分为五等：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加减半分。评分标准：2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思

4、想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。英语四级作文专题讲解3) 字数不够120个，应酌情扣分，具体标准：累计字数在110119之间，扣1分；累计字数在100109之间，扣2分；累计字数在9099之间，扣3分；累计字数在8089之间，扣4分；累计字数在7079之间，扣7分；累计字数69，扣9分。

5、注：如题目给出主题句，祈使句，结束句，均不得计入所写字数；只写一段者：04分；只写两段者：09分（指规定三段的作文）。英语四级作文专题讲解教师的四级作文阅卷心得1.4.1 命题者心理分析四级新题型作文的命题者在出题时会考虑到种种因素。通常说来，命题人会遵循以下三条原则：1) 作文题目应具有时代性2) 作文题目应具有现实性3) 作文题目应具有普遍性英语四级作文专题讲解1.4.2 阅卷人心理分析从2007年开始，四级新题型作文改为网上阅卷。所有考生的作文都被扫描到电脑里，由阅卷人在电脑上给分。笔者在阅卷中发现：对所有阅卷者来说，在短短的几天内，一天8个小时对着电脑屏幕批阅大量的试卷无疑令人疲惫不堪

6、。此外，阅卷点对于每名阅卷老师的阅卷质量有严格的要求，因此，在阅卷时阅卷人会有如下倾向：1) 重速度更注重相关系数每名阅卷教师每天都有一定的阅卷任务，通常任务量很大，完成起来都有一定的难度。而且阅卷老师对每一份试卷都不能掉以轻心，这样相关系数才能高。因此，考生千万不可期待“蒙混过关”2) 注重文字功底阅卷老师给分的着眼点是只要作文不跑题，就看考生的文字功底。甚至有些学生会跑题，比如春节晚会是否应该取消写成春节是否应取消。对这样的作文，阅卷老师还会根据考生的文字功底，酌情给分，并不会因为跑题，而一分不给。3) 寻找评分线索大多数的阅卷老师会找出几个评分线索就很快给分，即通常只要五句话左右就可以给

7、分。先扫第一眼第一句话，判断是否理解作文题目要求，并初步判断考生的写作水平，大体给出分档。然后直接跳至结尾，看最后的观点陈述，再次判断考生的写作水平。然后在文中随便找一段看其语言错误多少及语言错误的严重程度，最后给分。对阅卷者来说，评分线索就是每段的段首句、结尾句、过渡词、文中任意几句的语言错误的多少与错误严重程度。英语四级作文专题讲解1）如何写好四级作文首先，卷面一定要清晰、干净、整洁。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字的中间画一道横线。第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。一般情况下，中间一段长，开首段和结尾段较短，让人第一感觉就是内容充实。第三，开好头，结好尾。第四，按要求的字数写，可以比

8、要求的字数稍微多一点。字数少了给人的感觉是缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，你的分数也会受影响。第五，内容要充实，每一段落一般从两到三个方面展开，内容的每一个层面一定要清晰，讲清楚一件事后再讲另外一件事。第六，内容要新异，不要人云亦云，只谈论大路边上的。也不要目光短浅，只看到身边的，要放眼全球，放眼未来。第七，语言方面取决于自己的语言水平，语言水平较差的同学，要保守一点，多用一些简单句，和并列句。语言水平好一点的同学，可多考虑复合句。要想作文取得高分，所用的句子必须多样，词汇方面要多用些词组、短语、习惯用法或谚语、名句等。第八，要学会使用连接词，如：表转折：but, however, nev

9、ertheless等，连接词的使用能使文章连贯，读者阅读起来思路清晰，感觉良好，在考试中容易得高分。英语四级作文专题讲解2）句子的写作写好句子应避免两种倾向（1）句子不完整。如 I writing a letter home every week.（2）句子杂糅。如There are many students think computer is very important.很明显这是一个典型的中文式的句子。句式变化是写作的一个非常重要的原则。它常从以下二个方面体现：(1)句开头变化写作不要总是用过于平常的句子，可尝试以下八种方法：以介词短语开头，如On hearing the news,

10、they broke into loud cheers.独立主格结构：The sun having set, we sat quietly in the darkness.动词短语（不定式或分词）To prevent the plaster from falling, we stick paper on the ceiling.动名词。After watching the sunset, we left the beach for home.副词。Softly, the boy spoke to her.倒装。Rap, rap, rap, came the knock on the door.

11、以分句开头。What he said proves to be true.以同位语开头。Normally a timid girl, Linda argued heatedly with them about the air pollution.当然，变换句式还有许多形式，这里只是简要叙述。英语四级作文专题讲解(2) 改变句子的长度四级作文的句子长度经许多专家论证，以8-17个字为宜。太短显示不出水平，太长读起来费劲，最好长短句结合，有时可将一个看上去笨重的长句分成若干个短句；有时将几个结构松散，支离破碎的短句合为一个表达完整的长句。一个好句子最好涉及到人。如：Failure often ha

12、ppens in our lives. 最好用些具体、清楚而不是模糊的句子，多用动词，多用主动态，少用被动态，多用简单句，少用复合句，多注重谓语，当然这些只是相对的。简洁是句子的灵魂。如下面有一段：We can know not only civil news, but also international news. So we can know many important affairs that had happened and that are happening all over the world.这句话可改成：From newspaper, we obtain news, bo

13、th civil and international, telling us what has happened and what is happening globally.修改后的这句话，因为使用了介词、连接词及动词ing 形式等，比原句全部使用陈述句平铺直叙要好得多，更重要的是，它剔除了多余的字，变得更加简洁。 英语四级作文专题讲解3) 段落的写作段落是由主题句，支撑句和结论句组成，当然它还应包含切题与连贯，我们俗称这五要素为3+2模式。段落的写作一定要重视主题句的写作，主题句是段落的中心大意句，它常常位于句首，有时也在句中、句末。写出主题句后，可让读者对段落的大意一目了然。四级作文可用

14、一个倒三角形来表示，通常由一个表概括的主题句，二、三个支撑句及一个具体的结论句组成。其实三段式的作文，大致可以这样分成十句： The first part S1 introduction: general talk of the topic S2 thesis: the writers attitude to itThe second part S3 topic sentences: the writers reasons to have this attitude S4 support 1 S5 detail 1 S6 detail 2 S7 support 2 S8 detail 1 S9

15、 detail 2The third part S10 conclusion: restate the thesis英语四级作文专题讲解重点体裁写作技巧1. 应用文布告 通知 演讲词布告或通知一般公布即将发生的事，有时也公布已经发生的事，如宣布召开会议，举办晚会，放电影， 举行各种比赛等。此类布告，通知一般至少包括以下三部分内容：时间，地点和活动。如果是讲座或报告，还应包括报告人简介。如果是有关旅游的通知，则应包括其它细节。Class MeetingRoom. 502Basketball MatchOn Playing Court #2English Dept. vs. French Dept

16、.Mon. May 84:00 PM FOUNDA brown leather wallet, in the dining hall on the morning of Sept. 28th.Owner please claim at the Lost and Found Office, Rm. 125 on the 3rd floor of the Office Building. Lost and Found Office英语四级作文专题讲解1.2 书信英文书信的结构通常由六个部分组成：信头(Heading)、信内地址(Inside Address)、称呼(Salutation)、正文(B

17、ody of Letter)、发信人的结尾套语 (Complementary Close)、签名(Signature)。1. 信头：指发信人的单位名称、地址和发信日期。写地址时按由小到大的顺序，写日期时不要用数字表示月份。2. 信内地址：指接信人的姓名、单位和地址。写在隔信头一行或两行的左下方。3. 称呼：称呼应考虑到与收信人正式、亲切与熟知的程度。如果收信人为女性，而不知应该称之为Mrs.或Miss时，可用Ms, 不致失礼。4. 正文：信的正文即信的主要内容。5. 发信人的结尾套语：发信人的结尾套语需与前面的称呼相配合。6. 签名：除对熟人或亲密的人外，签名必须写全姓名。英语四级作文专题讲解

18、常用书信用语：1)书信开头常用语Thank you for your letter of April 16.I was glad to receive your letter of May 4.I am very glad to have received a letter from you.Your kind letter gives me much pleasure/I must apologize for my delay in answering your kind letter.I must apologize for not writing to you for so long.I

19、 have just this moment received your letter and I am writing at once becauseThank you so much for answering my letter so quickly.I am sorry it has taken me a long time to reply to your last letter, butWhat a surprise it was to get a letter from you after all this time!You will be very glad to hear t

20、hat英语四级作文专题讲解2)书信结尾用语(1)正文提供信息后的结尾:I hope this information will help you.Please feel free to contact me for more information.(2)正文提出建议后的结尾：I trust these suggestions will be useful.Please let me know if I can help any further.(3)正文投诉的结尾：I expect to hear from you very soon.Please give this letter your

21、 immediate attention.(4)表达歉意的结尾：Once again, I am sorry for your help.Please accept my apologies once more.(5)致谢信的结尾：Thank you again for your help.Thank you again for your assistance.Thank you in advance.英语四级作文专题讲解(6)结尾盼望回信：I look forward to your reply.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Hoping t

22、o hear from you soon.Looking forward to your earl reply.Write to me as soon as you can.Please remember me to your wife.I hope to hear from you soon.I look forward to our next meeting.Hope to hear from you soon.Awaiting an early and favorable reply.Looking forward to hearing from you.Looking forward

23、to a prompt reply.Write to me as soon s you can.英语四级作文专题讲解(7)表示祝愿的结尾Hoping you are enjoying good health.Wishing you every success/good health.Wishing you a pleasant trip.With best wishes for your success and happiness.With best wishes for your progress in studies.With every good wish for your happin

24、ess.With best wishes.All the luck in the world to your family.Please give my best regards to your family.(8)其他：Looking forward to seeing you.Be careful of your health.When I see you, I will give you the details.I will speak to you more fully when we meet.英语四级作文专题讲解3)书信正文常用语(1)致谢：Thank you for your i

25、nvitation to the reunion partyThank you for your letter asking me about studying abroad.(2)表示致歉：Im terribly sorry that I missed your birthday party. I just completely forgotIm afraid II must apologize about doing(3)表示建议：Id like to suggest thatMay I suggest thatCould you please (4)表示请求和求助：Could you p

26、lease Could you possiblyWould it be possible toTherefore, I would be grateful if youI am anxious to obtain information aboutI need to have more information about 英语四级作文专题讲解(5)表示申诉和解释原因： I would like to point out the reason whyI am sorry to inform you thatI must remind you thatI am writing in reply t

27、o a letter I received from you a few days agoI would like to know about course details. (6)介绍自己：I am a guest at your hotel from 23 to 25 May.I am a student at your college, enrolled in the English course.英语四级作文专题讲解实例： English Department Hubei University of Technology Hubei, 430068 China Sept. 5, 200

28、8 EditorNewsweek International333 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10022U. S. A. Dear Editor: I read in Newsweek (September 14, 1987) that an updated second edition of the unabridged Random House Dictionary of the English Language is being published. I would be very grateful if you could give me some inf

29、ormation on where and how I can get a copy of the dictionary and if there is a less expensive edition than the one described.Thank you for any help you can give me. Yours Sincerely, Lin Hua英语四级作文专题讲解2.议论文议论文的目的是说服读者同意并支持其观点,劝说读者或改变主意或行为,或赞同文中提出的政策或行动纲领。一篇好的议论文必须具备以下几个条件:有一个有争议的观点有充足的证据逻辑性强逻辑清楚一般来说，议

30、论文就议论的目的和方式而言，大体上可以分为四种类型，即比较型、辩论型、阐述说明型和因果分析型。英语四级作文专题讲解比较型议论文(Comparative-Argument Essay)比较型议论文是一种较常用的议论文，主要用于比较一个事物的不同方面，或几种相似的事物的不同之处。这种作文要求考生通过比较事物各自的优劣或利弊关系，加以分析论证，得出结论或表达自己的观点或看法。写作题目中多有涉及某一事物的正反，利弊，优劣等两方面的问题。常见的三段式结构的一种模式是在第一个段落中写问题的一个方面，在第二个段落中写问题的另一方面。应注意在两段之间运用转承词语，使文章衔接精密，自然流畅。第三段作为段应按要求

31、写出自己对待问题的观点和看法。结论一定要合理和客观，能够引人深思才更具有意义。英语四级作文专题讲解作文Positive and Negative Respects of Sports 1)体育运动的好处；2)体育运动可能带来的副作用；3)我参加体育运动的体会。实例：Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports Sports are conducive to health. First, they stimulate blood circulation. As a Chinese saying goes, “Running water is never stal

32、e and a door-hinge never gets worm-eaten.” Good blood circulation can prevent diseases. Besides, sports help digestion. If one often takes exercise, he will not suffer dyspepsia. Most important of all, sports make one energetic. One who takes exercise everyday is always full of vigor and will never

33、be listless. However, there are also disadvantages for taking exercise. First, if one takes exercise in the morning, he will sweat but he will have to go to wok with wet underwear in a hurry, which is harmful to health. Besides, it is also time-consuming to take exercise. If one takes exercise regul

34、arly, he can keep fit but most probably he will lag behind in other fields. Worst of all, if one takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, his health will run down for malnutrition, which is just the opposite to what he wishes. Admittedly, I find it beneficial to health to take exercise. Ho

35、wever, I seldom take exercise all my life. When I was young, I refused to take exercise for lack of nutrition. Now I refuse to take exercise because I cannot afford the time to take a bath after taking exercise.英语四级作文专题讲解句型示例：Advantages and disadvantages of .开篇：1. There is no doubt that . has brough

36、t society advantages and disadvantages/ merits and drawbacks.2. With the development of ., is/ are playing an increasingly important part in society today.3. Obviously, it has both positive effects and negative effects.4. The first thing to be considered is. has/ have already brought us many advanta

37、ges.5. The advantages derived from . are much greater than the disadvantages.英语四级作文专题讲解论证：1. But every coin has two sides.2. There are two sides to everything/ every question.3. In spite of the adverse effects.has, it has its beneficial effects.4. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as

38、follows.5. On one hand. on the other hand,.6. Besides/ Moreover/ Furthermore.7. What is more serious is that.结尾：1. After considering the advantages and disadvantages of . I decided that.2. Based on the analysis above, I believe that the positive aspects/ advantages far outweigh the negative ones/ di

39、sadvantages.3. In conclusion, although. has its disadvantages, I consider that it has done society far more good than harm.4. All in all/ To sum up, I would say that. 英语四级作文专题讲解练习 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic. The Two-Day Weekend.You s

40、hould write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1)双休日给大学生带来的好处。 2)双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。3)我应当怎样过好双休日。英语四级作文专题讲解辩论型议论文(Pro-and Con Essay)辩论型议论文主要就目前社会上有争议性的观点和问题发表议论，要求考生审视正反两方面的论据。 通过对同一问题的两种不同观点进行比较或对比而加以论证说明，最后得出结论。这类作文适用于评论两种截然相反，却都失之偏颇的观点，即那些很

41、难绝对说是好或不好的主题。常见的写法是，在文章的开始提出两个相对的观点，客观地对其进行评析，可用一个或两个段落分别展开论述。最后一段对两种观点进行客观，合理的取舍，或将二者融合，选其可取之处，形成自己的一种具有创新意识的观点。推理论证要合乎逻辑，对自己赞成的观点论证充分，不赞成的观点可少些笔墨。英语四级作文专题讲解作文 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 1)很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是2)也有人持不同的意见， 3)我的看法和打算是实例：Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?A test of spok

42、en English will be included as an optional component of College English Test. Many people believe its very necessary to take such a test. To begin with, as a basic part of the language, spoken English is getting more and more important in this information age. One wont achieve much in the intercultu

43、ral communication unless one can express oneself well. In other words, fluent English is an indication of ones mastery of the language. Therefore, a test ought to be designed to assess ones level of spoken English.However, some people hold the opposite viewpoint. They hold that written exam is enoug

44、h to test ones comprehensive English level. So long as one does not want to study abroad or cooperate with foreigners in foreign enterprises, one need not worry about taking such a test. Because written English enables students not only to read reference books but also work on Internet. Therefore, i

45、n their opinion, a test of spoken English will only add to students burden of study and thus its vital for students to take it.I believe its necessary for students to take it. On the one hand, such a test will stimulate students to improve their oral English. On the other hand, it will help make stu

46、dents more compete in the intense competition. To sum up, with Chinas entry to the WTO and the arrival of knowledge economy age, its more and more important for students to improve their oral English. Therefore, a test of spoken English is not only necessary but also vitally important.英语四级作文专题讲解句型示例

47、：My View on .题型开篇：1. Different people have different opinions about . Some take it for granted that. But other people take / hold an opposite idea.2. Peoples opinions/ views about/on (whether). vary from person to person. Some people say that. while others think/hold that.3. There are those who hold

48、 that. And on the other hand, there are those who argue that . But I wish to urge another point of view.4. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of. Some people suggest that., while some others argue that.5. Some people tend to stick to . However, there are some people who po

49、ssess different viewpoints from the one mentioned above.6. People show quite different attitudes about how to do . effectively and efficiently.英语四级作文专题讲解论证：1. In the fact of . some people take the position that./ some people come to believe 2. That. to which I cant attach/ add my consent.3. As far a

50、s I am concerned.4. When it comes to me,5. From my point of view, it is reasonable to.6. There are two main reasons of my standpoint why I am opposed to/ in favor of the second view.7. I am in favor of/ agree with the first idea. The following are the reasons for my personal consent.8. There is much

51、 to be said on the two sides.结尾：1. All things considered, I remain firmly in favor of.2. On the whole, I agree with the statement that.3. Therefore, the first view doesnt hold water.4. According to the above analysis, we can conclude that.5. Through the discussion mentioned above, we may draw the co

52、nclusion.6. It goes without saying that.英语四级作文专题讲解练习Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. The title is Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1)有人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness02)也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil)

53、3)你的看法。英语四级作文专题讲解阐述说明型议论文(Inductive Essay)阐述说明型议论文是将议论和说明结合在一起进行阐述的一种议论文体，要求就某一问题或现象，正面阐述自己的观点，并分析说明其理由，通常要用例证对其重要性，必要性，利弊关系或正误关系进行论证说明，有时还需要提出解决问题的办法或建议。在三段式结构中，第一段引言引入主题，介绍背景信息； 第二段正文对题目和提纲进行说明阐述。在论证过程中，要举出具体的例子； 第三段结尾归纳主题，得出结论，与开首紧密呼应。英语四级作文专题讲解作文Haste Makes Waste. 1)怎样理解“欲速则不达”？2)举例说明。Haste Make

54、s WasteThere is an old saying “Haste makes waste”. It comes from the experience of ancient times, but it is still true today in many cases. Usually, the quicker you act, the sooner you will reach your goal. But if your only emphasis is on speed, while ignore the quality of your work, you will not re

55、ach your goal. The more hasty you are, the slower you will be to achieve completeness and success. In short, “Haste makes waste”. Assume that you are preparing for a final examination. There are a lot of exercises to do and many notes to remember. The fact that you are short of time makes you worrie

56、d, and you read and write continuously, without rest, without sleep, and without relaxation. The result is that your brain is less and less efficient, and your work proceeds slower and slower. The situation goes from bad to worse, until your efforts come to nothing. On the other hand, if you proceed

57、 with a calculated plan and follow the plan step by step, your work will be effective. Consequently, you will be able to take part confidently in examination based on good preparation. Whatever you do, please remember the saying “Haste makes waste”. If you understand and apply it, your study or work

58、 will necessarily benefit greatly.英语四级作文专题讲解开篇：1. This is one of the most important problems facing the world today.2. It cannot be denied that. has/ have created certain problems for society today.3. Recently/ In recent years, there has been a growing concern among the general public over the probl

59、em of.4. Nothing may be more harmful/ serious than the problem of.that faces us now.5. It is generally/ widely accepted/ held that.论证：1. It has been believed/ reported/ found/ estimated that.2. has a serious effect not only on. but also on.3. There is an increasing tendency towards. in our society.4

60、. A number of factors would account for the development in.5. People assume/ say/ claim that. But this idea/ argument/ claim doesnt work.结尾：1. All things considered, the . problem is one of the most pressing issues in todays world and we must do all we can to solve it without delay.2. From this we c