考研考博-英语-山西运城农业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西运城农业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itwouldbewrong（）thatfactor.

问题1选项

A.tonotconsider

B.nottoconsider

C.toconsidernot

D.tobeconsidering

【答案】B

【解析】考查不定式的否定形式。由于不定式的否定形式为not+to+动原，所以选项A、C、D均错误，B选项正确。句意：不考虑那个因素将是错误的。

2.单选题

Althoughblemishedbythedebtanddeficitproblems,theeconomyinBelgiumwasgenerallyhealthy.Bothindustrialproductionandoverallgrossdomesticproductwereexpectedtoriseby1.6percentfor1992.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.crushed

C.stimulated

D.spoiled

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.accumulated积累，积聚B.crushed压坏，压伤

C.stimulated激发（某事物）D.spoiled破坏，搞坏

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】blemished的意思为“破坏……的完美，玷污”，和economy构成动宾搭配关系，这里指的是经济受到债务和赤字问题的负面影响，经济遭到破坏，spoiled与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】尽管受到债务和赤字问题的影响，比利时的经济总体健康。预计1992年的工业生产和国内总产值都将增长1.6%。

3.单选题

HarvardUniversityandMITare______thefourthandfifthlargestemployersinthearea.

问题1选项

A.representatively

B.respectively

C.respectably

D.respectfully

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.representatively典型地B.respectively分别地，各自地

C.respectably相当好地，可敬地D.respectfully尊敬地

【考查点】副词辨析。

【解题思路】由空格后面的thefourthandfifthlargestemployers（第四大和第五大雇主）可知，“分别地”符合句子意思。因此，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句子意思。

【句意】哈佛大学和麻省理工学院分别是该地区第四大和第五大雇主。

4.单选题

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

问题1选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题2选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题3选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

问题4选项

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:F

第3题:E

第4题:G

【解析】1.根据SectionA的主要内容，可知该段首先介绍了各种类型的欺凌，然后具体分析了英国小学的欺凌现象，可判断出整个段落的主要内容为：对英国学校欺凌现象的调查。选项Ⅳ符合题意。

2.根据SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且会让经历欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮丧。在极端情况下，它甚至会导致自杀。下文继续提到了受到欺凌的小学生在成年后更容易遇到交际困难。可判断出本段主要提到欺凌对孩子们带来的影响。选项Ⅵ符合题意。

3.根据SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知过去学校会否认学校欺凌这个问题，声称学校没有欺凌事件。下文继续提到学校的态度发生了改变，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，许多学校现在承认欺凌现象的出现，并且会有明确的应对措施。可判断出本段主要提到了学校对欺凌事件的态度变化。选项V符合题意。

4.根据SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要对学校态度转变的原因进行了解释，此句为中心句。可判断出此段的主要内容为导致学校采取新的应对方法的原因，选项Ⅶ符合题意。

5.单选题

Massivechangesinalloftheworld'sdeeplycherishedspoilinghabitsareunderway.Whetherit'soneofLondon'sparksfullofpeopleplayingsoftball,andRussianstakinguprugby,ortheSuperbowlrivalingtheBritishFootballCupFinalasatelevisedspectatoreventinBritain,thepatternsofplayersandspectatorsarechangingbeyondrecognition.Wearewitnessingaglobalizationofourspoilingculture.

Thatannualbicyclerace,theTourdeFrance,muchlovedbytheFrenchisagoodcaseinpoint.JustafewyearsbackitwasastrictlycontinentalaffairwithFrance,BelgiumandHolland,SpainandItalytakingpart.ButinrecentyearsithasbeendominatedbyColombianmountainclimbers,andAmericanandIrishriders.Thepeoplewhoreallymatterwelcometheshifttowardglobalization.Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams.Soitdoesthemliterallyaworldofgoodtoseethisunofficialworldchampionshipbecomejustthat.Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearewitnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology,blitmadetohappenbecauseofmarketingconsiderations.SellthegameandyoucansellCocaColaorBudweiseraswell.

TheskillfulwayinwhichAmericanfootballhasbeensoldtoEuropeisagoodexampleofhowallsportswilldevelop.Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,buttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoneymakingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical.WilliscatsatUS$125,gatereceiptsalongwereastaggering$10,000,000.Themostimportantstatisticoftheday,however,wasthe$100,000,000inTVadvertisingfees.Imaginehowmuchthatbecomeswhentheeyesoftheworldarewatching.

Soitcameasaterribleshock,butnotreallyasasurprise,tolearnthatsomepeoplearenowsuggestingthatsoccerchangefrombeingagameoftwo45-minutchalves,tooneoffour25-minutequarters.Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichrelicsforitsessenceontheflowingnatureoftheaction.

Moreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersalsogrows,sowewilldemandtoseethattheyplayatahigherandhigherlevel.Inboxingwehavealreadyseennumerous,dubiousworldtitlecategoriesbecausepeoplewillnotpaytoseeanythinglessthana“WorldTitle”fight,andthismeansthatthetitlefightshavetobeheldindifferentcountriesaroundtheworld!

1.Globalizationofsportingculturemeansthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedtothemassivechanges?

3.Asisusedinthepassage,"globalization"comesclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesuggestiontochangesoccerintooneoffour25-minutequarters?

5.Whyshouldthetitlefightsinboxingbeheldindifferentcountriesoftheworld?

问题1选项

A.morepeoplearetakingupsports.

B.traditionalspoilsaregettingpopular.

C.manylocalsportsarebecominginternational.

D.foreignersaremoreinterestedinlocalsports.

问题2选项

A.Goodeconomicreturns.

B.Revivaloftraditionalgames.

C.Communicationstechnology

D.Marketingstrategies.

问题3选项

A.‘‘commercialization’’

B.“westernization”

C.“speculation”

D.“standardization”

问题4选项

A.Favorable.

B.Unclear.

C.Reserved.

D.Critical.

问题5选项

A.Becausetheyareveryexciting.

B.Becausepeopledonotwanttopaytoseethem.

C.Becausepeoplewanttoseethemostexcitinggames.

D.Becausetheyarelessexciting

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“运动文化全球化的含义是……”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们正在目睹一场体育文化的全球化过程”（Wearewitnessingaglobalizationofourspoilingculture）。接下来举了自行车竞赛（bicyclerace）的例子，提到自行车竞赛开始是在法国、比利时、荷兰、西班牙和意大利受欢迎，最近几年又受到了哥伦比亚的登山者，美国和爱尔兰的骑手的青睐，由此可以看出这项本来只在当地流行的运动走向了国际，选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项与巨大的变化（全球化）无关”。文章第二段提到标致、米其林和松下这些跨国企业，他们在团队上投入了数百万美元，期望获得全球回报，所以选项A与全球化有关，排除；该段还提到我们正在见证一场以经济为基础、一场由通信技术促成的革命（Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearewitnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology），由此选项C“通信技术”可以排除；该段最后一句话提到“推销比赛，你同时也在推销可口可乐或者百威啤酒”（SellthegameandyoucansellCocaColaorBudweiseraswell）。综上，选项B符合题意。

3.词义题。题目问的是“文章中的‘全球化’与哪个词意思最接近”。文章第二段提到各大跨国公司投资体育赛事都是为了获得全球的经济回报（Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams），以及提到卖体育赛事也同时在做各种产品的推广；文章第三段提到美国橄榄球推广到欧洲并不是想推广这项运动，而是为了增加对观众人数，增加商人们的利益（Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,buttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoneymakingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical），由此可以看出，“全球化”相当于“商业化”，选项A符合题意

4.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对将足球比赛的时间改成4个25分钟的建议持什么态度”。文章倒数第二段提到“这种想法是无耻的，目的是为了获得更多的广告收入，而不考虑这项运动的完整性”（Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichrelicsforitsessenceontheflowingnatureoftheaction），由此可以看出作者对这个想法是持批评态度的，选项D符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“为什么拳击比赛要在全世界各国举行”。文章最后一段举了拳击的例子是为了说明“随着体育运动项目进入世界市场，我们作为消费者的需求也在不断变化，我们需要观看高水平的比赛”（Moreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersalsogrows,sowewilldemandtoseethattheyplayatahigherandhigherlevel），因此选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

BillClintonprojectedan（

）personalityinthe1992campaign,butthatwasnothisonlyadvantageoverBushandanindependentcandidate,RossPerot.

问题1选项

A.informal

B.exaggerative

C.affluent

D.effervescent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。informal“非正式的”；exaggerative“夸张的”；affluent“富裕的；流畅的”；effervescent“活跃的”。句意：比尔•克林顿（美国前总统）在1992年的竞选中表现出活跃的个性，但这不是他相对于布什和独立候选人罗斯•佩罗的唯一优势。只有D项可以形容personality。

7.单选题

Yesterdayafternoonamultitudeofpeopleattendedthefundraisingpresentationinthemall

问题1选项

A.smallnumber

B.specialgroup

C.hugecrowd

D.youthfulteam

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。amultitudeof许多的，大批的。只有C项“hugecrowd大群人”正确。句意：昨天下午，许多人参加了在商场举行的募捐活动。

8.单选题

Althoughcatscannotseeincompletedarkness,theireyesaremuchmore（）tolightthanarehumaneyes.

问题1选项

A.glowing

B.brilliant

C.sensitive

D.gloomy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管猫在完全黑暗的环境中看不到任何东西，但是相比人类的眼睛，它们的眼晴对光却更加敏感。

考查形容词辨析。glowing热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的;brilliant闪耀的，杰出的，精彩的；sensitive体贴的，体恤的，善解人意的，感觉敏锐的；gloomy黑暗的，沮丧的，阴郁的。由转折对比提示词Although(尽管)可知C符合句意。

9.单选题

Children’sliteraturetracesitsbeginningstopreliteratetimes,whenancientstorytellerspassagetalesandlegendsfromgenerationtogenerationintheoraltradition.WilliamCaxton,whoestablishedEngland’sfirstprintingpress,publishedbooksofetiquette,fablesandlegends.However,thesedidn’tconstituteabodyofworkthatcouldbeconsideredliteratureforchildren.Becausechildrenatthattimewereconsidered“miniatureadults”,booksweredidacticinnature.Thecontentforyoungreadersconsistedmainlyofreligiousinstruction,rulesofbehavior,ethicalmessages,andmoralplatitudes.In1744EnglishmanJohnNewberrychangedchildren’spublishingwhenhebegantocreatebookswithattractiveformats,qualityillustrations,andsturdybindings,whichweredesignedprimarilyforchildrentoenjoy.Theoldest,andmostprestigiousawardgivenforchildren’sbookspublishedinAmerica,istheNewberryMedal.

Inthefollowingcentury,children’sliteraturebegantobloom.HansChristianAndersenwrotewonderfulstorieslike“TheUglyDuckling”,and“TheLittleMermaid”,andGrimmbrotherscollectedtwovolumesofGermanfolktalesthatincludedstoriessuchas“SnowWhite”and“RumpelstiltskinChildhoodcametoberecognizedasajoyfulandcarefreeperiodoflife,andbookscelebratingitbegantobepublished,CharlesDodgson(LewisCarrol)wrotethefantast“AliceinWonderland”,thefirstbookthatwasintendedpurelyforchildren’senjoymentwithoutanypretenseofinstruction.EdwardsLear’sbooksofnonsensepoetrydelightedbothyoungandoldreaders.InNorthAmerica,booksforayoungaudiencewerebecomingpopularaswell.KateDouglasWigginwrote“RebeccaofSunnybrookFram”,LouisaMayAlcottwrote“LittleWomen’’,andSamuelClemens(MarkTwain)createdTomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.Bytheendofthecentury,thepiousandmoralisticbooksofearliertimeshadbeenreplacedbywritingdesignedtoamuseandentertainayoungaudience.Inthe1800scolorprintingwasintroduced,andbythemiddleofthe19thcentury,theroughillustrationsthatcharacterizedearlierchildren’sbookshadbeenreplacedbyworksofartthatcapturedthewordandsomeofthestory.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theearlybooksofetiquette,fables,andlegendscouldnotreallybeconsideredchildren’sliteraturebecause（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatchangedchildren’spublishingin1744?

3.Theword“sturdy”inline11isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatement“children’sliteraturebegantobloom”inline15?

5.Accordingtothepassage“AliceinWonderland”wasanexampleof（

）.

6.Theword“characterized”inline32isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

7.Whatimpactdidcolorprintinghaveonchildren’sbooks?

问题1选项

A.thechildrencouldn’treadthem

B.theearlybooksweretooheavyforchildrentouse

C.thestoriesweretoodifficultforchildrentoappreciate

D.thestorieswereforeducationratherthanenjoyment

问题2选项

A.theNewberryMedal

B.somebooksbegantobeproducedmainlyforchildrentoenjoy

C.somebookshadattractiveformat,qualityillustrations,andsturdybindings

D.somebooksnolongercontainedreligiousinstruction,rulesofbehavior,ethicalmessages,

问题3选项

A.robust

B.ornate

C.soft

D.hard

问题4选项

A.qualityillustrationsandattractiveformatsmadebooksmoreappealing.

B.illustrationsoftenincludedflowers.

C.Children’sliteraturebecamemorevariedandattractive.

D.Children’sliteraturebecamemorenumerousandpopular.

问题5选项

A.afantasystory

B.aGermanfolktale

C.abookcelebratingchildhood

D.abookofinstruction

问题6选项

A.rejected

B.described

C.devalued

D.amused

问题7选项

A.salesincreasedbythemiddleofthe19thcentury

B.roughillustrationswerenowmoreappealing

C.illustrationstoldmoreofthestoryandweremoreappealing

D.booksbecamemoreamusing

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

【解析】1.细节判断题。文章第一段提到“...thesedidn’tconstituteabodyofworkthatcouldbeconsideredliteratureforchildren.”后面由because引导的句子解释原因，当时孩子被看作“小大人”，因此书籍本质上以说教为主。直到1744年英国人JohnNewbeny才出版了以娱乐为目的的儿童书籍。D选项正确。

2.细节判断题。A“NewberryMedal”并不是1744年发生的改变，排除。C符合文章意义，但是C项是B项的具体措施，目的是为了实现B的改变。所以答案为B。D项在文章没有提及，排除

3.词义推测题。此处“bindings”意为装订。后文提及书籍主要用于让孩子享受阅读，因此必须是很稳固的装订，可以让孩子们一读再读。B“华丽的”、C“柔软”以及D“坚硬”明显与上下文不符。所以B选项‘稳固‘正确。

4.语义理解题。文章第二段开头“...children’sliteraturebegantobloom.",紧接着下文中描述了众多作家开始开创多种新的儿童文学体裁，并且广受好评。因此判断D选项‘儿童文学越来越多，越来越受欢迎‘符合文意。

5.细节判断题。“AliceinWonderland”作为前文“thefantast”的定语。此处thefantasy意为“n.幻想小说”。所以A选项正确。B“德国民间故事”的作者是格林兄弟，代表作是白雪公主。C和D与文章意思不符。

6.词义推测题。文章中“...theroughillustrations”后接由that引导的定语从句，修饰“theroughillustrations”。由前文可以得知，简单粗糙的插画是早期儿童书籍的特色。因此，A“拒绝”、C“低估的”和D“使发笑的”不符合文意，排除，B选项“描述的”符合题意。

7.语义推理题。文章并没有提19世纪儿童书籍的销量，A选项排除。19世纪中期，儿童书籍用文字讲述故事取代了早期粗糙插画的形式，与B项内容意思相反，B选项排除。18世纪末，儿童书籍以取悦年轻读者为主要目的，因此这并不是彩印出现的影响，D选项排除。所以为C选项‘插图讲述了更多的故事，也更吸引人‘正确。

10.单选题

AgreementmadebythePresidentwithothercountries（

）

theapprovalofthesenate.

问题1选项

A.issubjectedto

B.issubjectto

C.drawsout

D.substitutefor

【答案】A

【解析】短语辨析。句意:总统和别的国家所签订的协议要受到议会的批准。

besubjectedto受到...;经受...。besubjectto受支配,从属于;常遭受有...倾向的。drawout取出；拟订。substitutefor代替，取代。

11.单选题

Increased（）canreleasetheworkersforothertasks.

问题1选项

A.efficiency

B.effect

C.effectiveness

D.effort

【答案】A

【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人们有更多的时间做其他的任务。选项A符合语境。

12.单选题

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburnscancerorotherdamagetothebody.

问题1选项

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disclosure“披露，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact“接触”；D选项exposure“暴露”。句意：过多地暴露在X光下会导致皮肤灼伤、产生癌症或造成其他身体上的损伤。选项D符合句意。

13.单选题

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped（

）atdifferentvillages.

问题1选项

A.constantly

B.continually

C.continuously

D.gradually

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项constantly“不断地，时常地”，侧重于事件发生的稳定性和持续性以及经久不变的状态；B选项continually“不停地，持续地，频繁地”，侧重于一段时间内多次发生、时断时续或中断时间很短而又接连发生的状态；C选项continuously“连续不断地”，侧重在时间、物质或广度上没有间断的；D选项gradually“逐步地，渐渐地”。由“我们的行程很慢，因为火车_____在不同的村中停靠”可知这种停靠是在“我们的行程中”发生的，是在一段时间内发生的，因此B选项符合语境。句意：我们的行程很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村中停靠。

14.单选题

Thisistheseventhyear___thatthey’vewonthecup.

问题1选项

A.insubstance

B.insuccession

C.insuspension

D.insequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项insubstance“实质上；基本上；事实上”；B选项“接连地；连续地”；C选项insuspension“悬浮中”；D选项insequence“依次；逐一”。句意：这是他们___第七年获得冠军。本句表达“连续第七年”，因此B选项正确。

15.填空题

Eachmanisateverymomentsubjected（1）severaldifferentsetsoflawbutthereisonlyoneofthesewhichheisfree

（2）

disobey.Asabody,heissubjectedtogravitationand

（3）

disobeyit;ifyouleavehimunsupportedinmid-air,hehasnomorechoiceaboutfalling

（4）

astonehas.Asanorganism,heissubjectedtovariousbiologicallawswhichhecannotdisobeyanymorethan

（5）

animalcan.Thisis,hecannotdisobeythoselawswhichheshares

（6）

otherthings;butthelawwhichispeculiar

（7）

hishumannature,thelawhedoesnotsharewithanimalsorvegetablesorinorganicthings,istheonehecandisobey

（8）

hechooses.

Thislawwas

（9）

theLawofNaturebecausepeoplethoughtthateveryoneknewitbynatureanddidnotneedtobetaught

（10）

.Theydidnotmean,ofcourse,thatyoumightnotfindanoddindividualhereandthere

（11）

didnotknowit,justasyoufindafewpeoplewhoarecolor-blindorhave

（12）

earforatune.Buttakingtheraceasa

（13）

,theythoughtthatthehumanideaofdecentbehaviorwasobvioustoeveryone.Therehave

（14）

differencesbetweenpeople’smoralitiesindifferentcivilizationsandages,

（15）

thesehaveneveramounted

（16）anythinglikeatotaldifference.Menhavedifferedasregardswhatpeople

（17）

oughttobeunselfishto,whetheritwasonlyyourownfamily,oryourfellowcountrymen,oreveryone,buttheyhavealwaysagreedthatyouought

（18）

toputyourselffirst.Menhavedifferedastowhetheryoushouldhave

（19）

wifeorfour,buttheyhavealways

（20）

thatyoumustnotsimplyhaveanywomanyouliked.

【答案】1.考查介词搭配。besubjectedto意为“服从于……，受限于……”。

试题答案：to

2.考查介词搭配。根据句中的but可知句子前后表示转折。befreeto意为“不受约束”，与前面句意进行对比。

试题答案：to

3.考查上下文语义。根据后面的“hehasnomorechoice...hecannotdisobey”可知他不能违抗重力。

试题答案：cannot

4.考查比较级。根据前面的“hasnomorechoice”可知此处是将人类与石头进行比较。than意为“与……比较”。

试题答案：than

5.考查不定冠词。“a/an+单数可数名词”表示类别，a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；an则用在元音因素开头的单数可数名词前。

试题答案：an

6.考查介词搭配。sharewith意为“与…分享”，与后面的“hedoesnotsharewithanimals”相对应。

试题答案：with

7.考查介词搭配。bepeculiarto意为“为…所独有的”。

试题答案：to

8.考查连词。根据空格前“theonehecandisobey”与空格后“hechooses”可知此处表示条件关系，用连词if。

试题答案：if

9.考查上下文语义。这个法则被称为自然法则，用call的过去分词called。

试题答案：called

10.考查代词。根据前面的“everyoneknewit”可知此处表示不需要被教它，填it。

试题答案：it

11.考查关系代词。从句中缺少主语且先行词“anoddindividual（一个古怪的人）”指人，因此填who。

试题答案：who

12.考查上下文语义。根据前面的“whoarecolor-blind（色盲）”和空格前的“or”连接两个并列的成分。havenoearfor意为“对……没有欣赏能力”，与color-blind相对应。

试题答案：no

13.考查固定搭配。asawhole意为“整体而言”。此处表示“就这个种族整体而言”。

试题答案：whole

14.考查时态。根据后面的“haveneveramounted”可知此处应该用现在完成时，be的过去分词为been。

试题答案：been

15.考查连词。根据前面的difference与后面的havenever可知此处表示转折关系，用连词but。

试题答案：but

16.考查介词搭配。amountto意为“发展成为；共计”。

试题答案：to

17.考查上下文语义。根据后面的youought可知此处填对应的代词you。

试题答案：you

18.考查上下文语义。根据句子开头的转折连词but，但你不应该把自己放在第一位，因此填表示否定的副词not。

试题答案：not

19.考查上下文语义。根据后面的four可知此处为数词，wife为单数形式，因此填数词one。

试题答案：one

20.考查上下文语义。根据第18空前面的buttheyhavealwaysagreedthat可知此处填agreed，与其相对应。

试题答案：agreed

16.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

WhileitistruethatAmericansbelievethatclimbingtheeducationalladderleadstosuccess,theyarelesscertainthatintellectualachievement,whichisthemainpurposeoftheschools,istheonlyimportantfactorleadingtosuccess.Acompetitive-evenaggressive-personalityisseenasimportanttosuccess,especiallyinmen.Thedevelopmentofsocialandpoliticalskillsarealsoconsideredtobeveryimportant.

TohelpAmericanstodeveloptheseotherimportantskills,schoolshaveaddedalargenumberofextracurricularactivitiestodailylifeatschool.Thisisespeciallytrueofhighschoolsandcollegesbutextendsdownintoelementaryschoolsaswell.

Athletics,frequentlycalled"competitivesports",areperhapsthemostimportantoftheseactivities.Football,basketball,andbaseballteamsareseenasveryimportantinstudents,particularlyboys,the"winningspirit".Attimes,athleticteamsseemtobecomemoreimportanttosomestudentsandtheirparentsthanacademicprogramsofferedbytheschools.

【答案】尽管美国人的确认为教育是通向成功的阶梯，但他们并不确定，作为学校教育主要目的的知识成就是通向成功的唯一重要因素。人们认为争强好胜甚至带有侵略性的个性，对取得成功很重要，特别是对男人而言。社交能力和政治技能的培养也非常重要。

为了帮助美国人培养这些另外的重要技能，学校在日常生活中增加了大量课外活动。高中和大学尤其如此，而且也延伸到了小学。

田径运动，常被称为“竞技体育”，可能是这些活动中最重要的。足球、篮球和棒球队对学生，尤其是男生来说，被视为非常重要的“求胜精神”。有时，对于一些学生和家长来说，运动队似乎比学校提供的学术课程更为重要。

17.单选题

Themobwas（）bythefieryspeechandthentheymarcheddownthemainstreet,andsetmanyChinesestoresonfire.

问题1选项

A.wakened

B.aroused

C.inspired

D.agitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:wake“唤醒”；B:arouse“引起，唤醒”；C:inspire“鼓舞，激发”；D:agitate“动摇，煽动，使激动”。句意：暴民被激烈的演说煽动，纷纷走上街头，把很多中国的商店点着了。根据句意和关键词：暴民、激烈的演说可知D为正确答案。

18.单选题

Icouldn'tsleepbecausethetapinthebathroomwas______.

问题1选项

A.draining

B.dropping

C.spilling

D.dripping

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。drain“排水；流干”；drop“落下”；spill“溢出”；drip“使滴下；溢出”。句意：浴室的水龙头一直在滴水，使我无法入睡。因此D选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Plato-whomayhaveunderstoodbetterwhatformsthemindofmanthandosomeofourcontemporarieswhowanttheirchildrenexposedonlyto“real”peopleandeverydayevents-knewwhatintellectualexperiencesmakefortruehumanity.Hesuggestedthatthefuturecitizensofhisidealrepublicbegintheirliteraryeducationwiththetellingofmyths,ratherthanwithmerefactsorso-calledrationalteachings.EvenAristotle,maste