2022-2023学年浙江省9+1高中联盟高一（下）期中英语试卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年浙江省9+1高中联盟高一（下）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）ADuringthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury，manypeopleconnectedBelfast，NorthernIreland，withwar.Actually，sincethepeaceagreementsweresignedin1998，thecityBelfasthasbecomeatoptouristdestination.

Belfast'sCityHall

Belfast'sCityHall，locatedinthecenterofthecity，isagoodplacetobegintouring.Thesplendidbuilding，whichopenedin1906，housesexhibitsthatarerelatedtoBelfast'shistoryandgovernment.Outside，thegardensarefullofimpressivestatuesandmemorials.

BotanicGardens

BelfastBotanicGardensstartedoutasa.privateparkin1828butopenedtothepublicin1895.Constructiononthegarden'sfamousPalmHouse，abuildingofglassandiron，startedinthe1830s.Awidevarietyofplantscanbefoundthere，includingonethatisover400yearsold.

UlsterMuseum

ThelargestmuseuminNorthernIrelandisBelfast'ssplendidUlsterMuseum.IthasbeencalledNorthernIreland'streasurehouseofthepastandpresent.Frommummiestomoonrocks，themuseumpossessesimpressiveart，naturalscienceandhistorycollections.

St.George'sMarket

Award-winningSt.George'sMarketwasbuiltinthe1890sandisBelfast'slastremainingmarkethousedina

Victorianbuilding.Visitorswillfindapproximately200boothssellingfood，clothes，antiques，craftsandmore.Goearlyforthemarket'sfamousbreakfast，andtryauniquecoffeeorteawhilelisteningtolivemusic.

ThisisjustasmalltasteofwhatBelfasthastooffer.EveryoneshouldtaketimetoexploremoreinthisbeautifulcityontheLaganRiver.1.Whichplaceisworthvisitingforstudentsinterestedinvarietiesofplants？______A.Belfast'sCityHall B.UlsterMuseum

C.BotanicGardens D.St.George'sMarket2.WhatdoBelfastCityHallandSt.George'sMarkethaveincommon？______A.Alargecollectionoftreasures.

B.Thelivemusicandimpressivestatues.

C.ExhibitsrelatedtothehistoryofBelfast.

D.Theuniquefeatureofthearchitectureitself.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage？______A.Tointroducesomesplendidbuildingstous.

B.Toattractustoafantasticcityasthedestination.

C.Tosharetheinterestingtravelexperienceswithus.

D.Toadvertisesomespecialfoodandsouvenirstous.BIthadbeenaverybusydaywithanumberofclientmeetings，sowhenIparkedmycarinthecitysomedistancefrommylastappointment，IwashopingthatitwouldbeaquickonesothatIcouldthenbeattheafternooncityrushhour.

Ihadaveryimportantfamilydocumentthatneededtobesignedbyalargegovernmentdepartment.AsIsteppedoutoftheliftonthethirdfloor，itwasarelieftofindthattherewereonlytwopeopleaheadofmeinwhatIhadanticipatedwouldbealongqueue，soIwasexpectingthatitwouldbeasimpleandquickprocess.

Withinafewminutes，Iwasindiscussionwiththecustomerserviceattendantasheoutlinedwhyheconsideredthatmydocumentationcouldnotbesigned.Iwasveryannoyedwithhisveryunbearableexplanationofwhatneededtobedone，soIaskedhimiftherewasanywayhecouldhelpmetohavethepaperworksignedonthespotandavoidafurtherdelay.Hisanswerwasno.

UpsetbywhatIconsideredtobesuchanegativeand"bythebookapproach"fromthecustomerserviceattendant，Iaskedtospeaktothedepartmentsupervisor（主管）inthehopethatIcouldsolvewhatIbelievedtobesomeveryminorissues.

Afterashortwait，thedepartmentsupervisorcametothecountertospeaktome.Afterhearingmyexplanation，herespondedquickly，"Believeme，Icanorganizetohavethepaperworksignedimmediatelyandyoucanbeonyourway."Withintenminutes，thedocumentationhadbeensigned，sowithabigsmile，Iwasonmyway.

Atthatverymoment，IwasremindedofaquotebyW.ClementStone."Thereislittledifferenceinpeople，butthatlittledifferencemakesabigdifference.Thelittledifferenceisattitude.Thebigdifferenceiswhetheritispositiveornegative."4.Whywastheauthoreagertofinishthedocument？______A.Togoandhaveanotherclientmeeting.

B.Toavoidtherushhourintheafternoon.

C.Tohandintheimportantdocumentontime.

D.Togetarelieffromawholeday'sbusywork.5.Howdidtheattendantdealwiththeauthor'sdocument？______A.Byfollowingrulesastheywent.

B.Bysigningthepaperworkimmediately.

C.Byhelpingtosolvesomeminorissues.

D.Bygivingadetailedexplanationpatiently.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethedepartmentsupervisor？______A.Toughandpolite. B.Generousandemotional.

C.Helpfulandcapable. D.Creativeandprofessional.7.WhatdoestheauthorstressbyquotingClement？______A.Attitudemattersinsolvingaproblem.

B.Attitudeisjustasimportantasability.

C.People'sattitudesdifferfrompersontoperson.

D.Negativeandpositiveattitudescanbechanged.CHowdoesitfeelinsideyourhead？Maybeyou'redaydreaming，allowingyourmindtowander.Ormaybeitfeelsfreshandsharp.Maybeyourthoughtsareinthestateof"flow".Morelikely，however，yourbrainisinamess.

Fromthewidespreadreportsofapost-pandemic"brainfog"andthebookson"deepwork"and"stolenfocus"totheproblemofADHDinadultsandchildren，itseemsweareincreasinglyconcernedbyourabilitytogetfocused.Earlylastyear，theCenterforAttentionStudiesatKing'sCollegeLondonfoundthat49%of2，000adultssurveyedfelttheirattentionlengthwasshorterthanitusedtobe.Almostasmany（47%）agreedthat"'deepthinking'hasbecomeathingofthepast".

"I'vestudiedhundredsofpeopleoverthedecades，andmanypeoplereportfeelingdistractedandhavingalossofcontrol，"saysGloriaMark，aprofessorofinformaticsattheUniversityofCalifornia，overZoom."Butnoteverybody，"sheadds.Markhasbeenresearchinghuman-computerinteractionandtechnology'seffectsonourday-to-daylivessincethemid-1990s.Now，inherfirstbookAttentionLength：FindingFocusforaFulfillingLife，Markbringstogetherherfindings，andtheresultsareshocking.It'snotassimpleas"flow"good，screensbad.Moststrikingly，itisnoteventhecasethatweshouldnecessarilystruggletofocusatall.

Broadlyspeaking，therearetwoschoolsofthoughtonattention.Thefirstarguesthatwehaven'tlostourabilitytofocus，butithasbeen"stolen"fromusbytechnology.Wemaydevelopstrategiestoresistitseffect，suchasblockingsoftwareorswitchingtoa"brickphone".Thoseinthesecondcampobjecttothis：theyinsistthatmostofourstruggleswithfocusaremoretodowithself-control.Coulditbethatyou'rejustnotthatmotivated？Markbelievesthatneitheroftheseviewsisquiteright，holdingourdigitalliveshavechangedsofast，wehavefoundourselvesstrugglingtokeepuporsafeguardourselves."That'swhyIthinkwe'vegottothispoint，wherewe'rehavingsuchahardtimecontrollingourattention，becausewehaven'tfiguredoutyethowwecanusethistechnologywiselyinourlives."8.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph？______A.Todrawaconclusion.

B.Tocomparethestrikingfindings.

C.Tointroducethetopic.

D.Topresentthebackgroundinformation.9.Whichofthefollowingmightreplacetheunderlinedword"distracted"inPara3？______A.Upset. B.Puzzled. C.Self-centered. D.Absentminded.10.AccordingtoMark，whydowehaveourfocusstolen？______A.Technologyweakensourabilitytogetfocused.

B.Technologydevelopstoofastforustokeepup.

C.Welosecontrolofourselveswhenusingtechnology.

D.Wefailtotakeadvantageofthetechnologyproperly.11.Whereisthisarticlemostlikelytobetakenfrom？______A.Sciencemagazine. B.Medicalreport.

C.Entertainmentweekly. D.Physicstextbook.DForyears，peoplehadbeenwarnedthatNewOrleanswasvulnerable（脆弱的）.TheFEMAhadstatedthatahurricanehittingthecitywouldbeoneofthedeadliestdisastersinthehistoryofU.S.Butthen，inSeptember2004，NewOrleanshadbeensparedbyHurricaneIvan.However，ithadprovidedthecitywithaclearwarning.Ithadshowedtheneedtoprepareforthenexthurricane.Buttheauthoritiesdidnotactquicklyordecisivelyenough.Elevenmonthslater，HurricaneKatrinadestroyedthecity.

In2003，theHarvardBusinessReviewpublishedanarticletitledPredlictableSurprises：TheDisastersYouShouldHareSeenComing.Theauthors，MaxBazermanandMichaelWatkins，arguedthatwhiletheworldischangeable，unpredictabilityisoftennottheproblem.Theproblemisthatwestillfailtoact，eveniffacedwithclearrisks.Psychologistsdescribethisinactionasnormalcybias（偏见）.Inthefaceofdisaster，peoplehaveoftenbeenslowtorecognizethedangeranddonothinguntilitistoolate.

Partoftheproblemmaysimplybethatwegetourcluesfromothers.Inafamousexperimentconductedinthelate1960s，psychologistsfilledsmokeintoaroominwhichtheparticipantswerefillinginaquestionnaire.Whenthesubjectwassittingalone，heorshetendedtonotethesmokeandcalmlyleavetoreportit.Butwheninagroupofthree，theyweremuchlesslikelytoreact：eachpersonremainedpassive，ensuredbythepassivityoftheothers.

Anothercognitive（认知的）shortcutisoptimismbias.Inanexperiment，psychologistsNeilWeinsteinaskedmorethan250studentstopredictpleasantfuturesuchasgoodjobsandclearriskssuchasanearlyheartattack.Totheirsurprise，thestudentsfeltthatgoodthingswerelikelytohappentothemselves，whileunpleasantthingswaitedforotherstudents，althoughtheydidn'thaveanyevidencetosupportthatidea.12.Whatcontributedtothedestructionofthecitywhenthehurricanecame？______A.Absenceofwarnings.

B.Inactionoftheauthorities.

C.Shortageofsupplies.

D.Unpredictabilityofthedisaster.13.Whichofthefollowingactioncanbedescribedasnormalcybias？______A.Peopledidn'tgotohospitalduetotheconfidenceinphysicalcondition.

B.Americansfollowedotherstobuytoiletpapercrazilyduringthepandemic.

C.Fewpeoplegotpreparedforthepandemicatfirstbecauseothersdidn'tdoso.

D.ResidentsinNewOrleansworkedtogethertobuildsheltersfacingahurricane.14.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetwocognitiveshortcuts？______A.Bytellingstories. B.Bylistingfacts.

C.Bymakingdefinition. D.Bygivingexamples.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext？______A.AreDisastersPredictable？

B.AreWeReadyfortheNextDisaster？

C.WhyDoWeFailtoPrepareforDisasters？

D.WhatIstheCommonBiasinFaceofDisasters？二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Inrecentyears，cottonbagshaverisentopopularityasaneco-friendlyalternativetosingle-usebags.Manysupermarketshavemadethechange.（1）______

AsastudybytheMinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmarkshows，acottonbagneedstobeused20，000timestooffset（抵消）itsoverallimpactofproductionontheenvironment.（2）______Accordingtothismeasure，forVenetiaBerry，anartistinLondonwhofoundshehadatleast25cottonbags，shewouldhavetoliveformorethan1，000yearstooffsethercurrentbags.

AccordingtotheCircularLaboratory，itrequiresbetween10，000and20，000litersofwatertoproduceonekilogramofcotton.Andonly15percentofthe30milliontonsofcottonproducedeveryyearactuallymakesitswaytotextile（纺织品）warehouses.Evenwhenacottonbagdoesmakeittoatreatmentplant，mostlogosprintedonthemarenotrecyclable.（3）______

That'snottosaycottonisworsethanplastic.Theybothhavedisadvantages.（4）______Andplasticbagsusefossilfuelsthatproducegreenhousegases，neverbiodegrade（生物降解）andblocktheoceans.

BuffyReid，oftheBritishknitwearlabel&Daughter，stoppedproductionofhercottonbagsinApril2021.（5）______Forexample，BritishdesignerAllyCapellinoreplacedcottonwithhemp（麻纤维），Infact，thesimplestsolutionmaybethemostobvious：Noteveryproductneedsabag.

A.Cottonhasdriedupriversforwateruse.

B.Somecompaniesareturningtoothertextilesolutions.

C.They'reextremelydifficulttobreakdownchemically.

D.Wearehardlyawareoftheoveruseofplasticinpackaging.

E.Thatisequaltodailyusefor54yearsforjustonecottonbag.

F.However，theproductionprocessrequiresusingmuchmorewater.

G.Buttheincreaseintheuseofcottonbagsmayhavecreatedanewproblem.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）Acouplehavebeenreunitedwiththeirmissingcatmorethanadecadeafterhewentmissingfromtheirnortheasternhome.

The45-year-oldFionaMutter（1）______herbelovedcatFergushadbeendeadafter（2）______acallfromCatsProtection.However，thecatwasfound（3）______inAberdeen-almost80milesawayfromherhomeinMoray.

（4）______amicrochip（芯片）putintoFergus，CatsProtectionvolunteers（5）______tofindFiona.SpeakingtoAberdeenLive，Fionasaid，"Wearestilljustcompletely（6）______.Ferguswentmissing11yearsagoandweneverthoughthewouldbe（7）______.IhadamissedcalllastSaturdaybutreceivedatextfromthelostandfoundatCatsProtectionregardingmybelovedFergus.Atmyfirst（8）______，theyhadfoundhisbody.Buttheyhad（9）______foundhim."

SinceSeptember，Ferguswasbeing（10）______andgivenaplacetosleepbystaffatAberdeen'srecyclingcenter.

ACatsProtectionvolunteerthismonthdiscoveredaFacebook（11）______fromaconcernedmemberofthepublicinOctoberaskingifFergus（12）______anyone.

"Thevolunteertrackeddownthecat."（13）______Fiona，"CatsProtectionthoughthemaybehadafamilyinthelocalarea.Butwhentheyscannedhim，my（14）______cameup."Withthehelpofthemicrochip，FerguswashandedovertohissurprisedfamilylastSaturday.FionasaysFergus'（15）______proveshowimportantamicrochipisforpets."NeverinamillionyearsdidIimaginewewouldbereunitedwithhim!"21.

A.believed B.announced C.proposed D.confirmed22.

A.answering B.missing C.refusing D.returning23.

A.alive B.relieved C.anxious D.energetic24.

A.Insteadof B.Ratherthan C.Apartfrom D.Thanksto25.

A.requested B.intended C.managed D.applied26.

A.confused B.shocked C.concerned D.disappointed27.

A.caught B.found C.raised D.injured28.

A.attempt B.sight C.thought D.opportunity29.

A.actually B.particularly C.gradually D.basically30.

A.trained B.cured C.examined D.fed31.

A.article B.post C.comment D.notice32.

A.madeout B.ranacross C.turneddown D.belongedto33.

A.added B.assumed C.argued D.alarmed34.

A.personality B.privacy C.details D.demands35.

A.revival B.loss C.return D.track四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.Rescuersfreeelephantfromadangerouspit（深坑）AwildAsianelephantaccidentallyfellintoadeepmudholeinthegroundonMarch13whileplayingwithothermembersofaherdinaforestinMenglacounty，SouthwestChina'sYunnanprovince.

Thepolice（1）______arrivedatthescenesawtheelephantstrugglingtogetout，withanotherelephant（2）______（try）topullitoutusingitstrunk（象鼻）andlegs.（3）______，asthepitwasdeepandthesurfacewassmoothandwet，thetrappedelephant（4）______（stick）.Afterobservingthesurroundingsandconsideringallofthe（5）______（possibility），rescuersdeterminedthebestchanceoffreeingtheanimal（6）______（be）throughtheuseofanexcavator（挖掘机）.

Thedriveroftheexcavator（7）______（careful）operatedthemachinesoasnottoannoytheherd.After10minutes，（8）______exittogetoutwasformedfortheelephanttofinallymake（9）______（it）escape.Whilewalkingaway，theanimalwaveditstrunk（10）______theexcavatorasiftogivethanks.

The2.5-tonelephantthenreturnedtothenaturereservewiththerestofitsherd.五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.上周五下午，学校组织高一学生参观了孔庙，请你就此次活动给校报写一篇英文新闻报道。内容包括：

（1）时间、地点；

（2）活动内容；

（3）活动意义。

注意：

（1）词数80左右（标题已给，不计入词数）；

（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：孔庙theConfuciusTemple

AvisittotheConfuciusTemple38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Willie'sauntsenthimalittlewritingbookasabirthdaypresent.Therewasaplaceinthebookforapencil.Williethoughtagreatdealofthislittlebook，andalwayskeptitinhispocket.

Oneday，hismotherwasverybusy.Hecalledhisdogandsaid，"Come，Caper，let'shaveaplay."

WhenWillie'smothermissedhim，shewenttothedoorandlookedout，butcouldnotseehimanywhere.KnowingthatCaperwaswithhim，shethoughttheywouldcomebackbeforelong.

Shewaitedanhour，buttheystilldidnotcome.Whenshecametothegatebytheroad，shemetMr.Lee，Willie'sfather，andtoldhimhowlongtheirsonhadbeengone.Mr.Leethoughthemusthavegonetosleepunderthetrees.SotheywenttoallthetreesunderwhichWilliewasinthehabitofplaying，buthewasnowheretobefound.

Asamatteroffact，WillieandCaperwenttothepasturefield.Itwaspeacefulandquiet.Deepgreengrasslookedlikeabeautifulwovenblanketspreadingoutupontheground.Attractedbythebeauty，theyranaround.Alltoosoon，Williecametoanedgeofashaft（坑）beforeheknewit.Hesatdownandbentovertoseehowdeepitwas.Suddenly，helosthisbalanceandfellin.Hetriedveryhardtogetout，butcouldnot.

Whenthegoodlittledogsawthathismasterwasintheshaft，hewouldnotleavehimbutranroundandround，reachingdownandtryingtopullhimout.WhileCaperwasbitingWilliebythecoatsleeves，apieceofsoilgavewayunderhisfeet.Hefellintoo.Williecalledforhisfatherandmotherasloudashecould.However，hewassofarawayfromthehousethatnoonecouldhearhim.

Hecriedandcalledtillitwasdark，andthenhelaydownontheground，Caperclosebehindhim.ItwasnotlongbeforeWilliecriedhimselftosleep.

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Whenhewokeup，itwasmorning，andhebegantothinkofawaytogetout.

Capercamehomewithabitofpapertiedtothestringaroundhisneck.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、D、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。由Botanic

Gardens部分Awidevarietyofplantscanbefoundthere，includingonethatisover400yearsold.（那里有各种各样的植物，包括一种树龄超过400年的植物。）可知，对植物感兴趣的同学应该去BotanicGardens，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。由Belfast's

City

Hall部分Thesplendidbuilding，whichopenedin1906，housesexhibitsthatarerelatedtoBelfast'shistoryandgovernment."（这座辉煌的建筑于1906年开放，展出了与贝尔法斯特历史和政府有关的展品。）和St.George's

Market部分最后一句"Award-winningSt.George'sMarketwasbuiltinthe1890sandisBelfast'slastremainingmarkethousedinaVictorianbuilding."（屡获殊荣的圣乔治市场建于19世纪90年代，是贝尔法斯特仅存的一个维多利亚式建筑市场。）可知，这两个地方的共同点在于都有自己独特的建筑特色，故选D。

（3）目的意图题。由最后一段EveryoneshouldtaketimetoexploremoreinthisbeautifulcityontheLaganRiver（每个人都应该花时间去更多的探索这座位于拉甘河上的美丽城市）可知，本文的目的是为了吸引更多的游客去到贝尔法斯特，故选B。

这是一篇应用文。介绍了城市贝尔法斯特的四个景点。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】B、A、C、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段IwashopingthatitwouldbeaquickonesothatIcouldthenbeattheafternooncityrushhour.（我希望能快点，这样我就能避开下午的城市高峰时间。）可知，作者急于完成这份文件是为了避开下午的高峰时间，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Withinafewminutes.Iwasindiscussionwiththecustomerserviceattendantasheoutlinedwhyheconsideredthatmydocumentationcouldnotbesigned.Iwasveryannoyedwithhisveryunbearableexplanationofwhatneededtobedone，soIaskedhimiftherewasanywayhecouldhelpmetohavethepaperworksignedonthespotandavoidafurtherdelay.Hisanswerwasno.（几分钟之内。我与客服人员进行了讨论，他概述了为什么他认为我的文件不能签署。他对需要做的事情的解释让我很恼火，所以我问他是否有什么办法可以帮我当场签署文件，避免进一步的延误。他的回答是否定的。）和第四段UpsetbywhatIconsideredtobesuchanegativeand"bythebookapproach"fromthecustomerserviceattendant.（我对客服人员的消极态度和"照章办事"感到不高兴。）可知，服务人员按照规则行事，故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Afterashortwait，thedepartmentsupervisorcametothecountertospeaktome.Afterhearingmyexplanation，herespondedquickly，"Believeme，Icanorganizetohavethepaperworksignedimmediatelyandyoucanbeonyourway."Withintenminutes，thedocumentationhadbeensigned，sowithabigsmile，Iwasonmyway.（等了一会儿，部门主管来到柜台和我说话。听了我的解释后，他很快回答说："相信我，我可以马上组织人在文件上签字，你就可以上路了。"不到十分钟，文件就签好了，我带着灿烂的笑容上路了。）可知，部门主管乐于助人且能力强，A.Tough

and

polite强硬且有礼貌的；B.Generous

and

emotional慷慨和感性的；C.Helpful

and

capable乐于助人且有能力的；D.Creative

and

professional创造性和专业性的。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Thereislittledifferenceinpeople，butthatlittledifferencemakesabigdifference.Thelittledifferenceisattitude.Thebigdifferenceiswhetheritispositiveornegative.（人与人之间的差异很小，但这一点差异却会产生很大的不同。不同的是态度。最大的区别在于它是积极的还是消极的。）可知，作者引用Clement的话是想强调在解决问题时态度很重要，故选A。

本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过讲述自己去政府部门签署一份文件的故事阐述一个人的态度会产生很大的不同。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

8~11.【答案】C、D、D、A【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的Maybeyou'redaydreaming，allowingyourmindtowander.Ormaybeitfeelsfreshandsharp.Maybeyourthoughtsareinthestateof"flow".Morelikely，however，yourbrainisinamess.（也许你在做白日梦，让你的思想游离。或者它会让你感觉新鲜和尖锐。也许你的思想处于"流动"状态。然而，更有可能的是，你的大脑一团糟。）和第二段的Earlylastyear，theCenterforAttentionStudiesatKing'sCollegeLondonfoundthat49%of2，000adultssurveyedfelttheirattentionlengthwasshorterthanitusedtobe.Almostasmany（47%）agreedthat"'deepthinking'hasbecomeathingofthepast".（去年年初，伦敦国王学院注意力研究中心发现，在接受调查的2，000名成年人中，有49%的人觉得自己的注意力时长比以前短了。几乎同样多的人（47%）同意"'深度思考'已经成为过去式"。）可知，第一段的作用是引出话题。故选C。

（2）词句猜测题。根据第二段Early

last

year，the

Center

for

Attention

Studies

at

King's

College

London

found

that

49%

of

2，000

adults

surveyed

felt

their

attention

length

was

shorter

than

it

used

to

be.Almost

as

many（47%）agreed

that"'deep

thinkinghas

become

a

thing

of

the

past".（去年年初，伦敦国王学院（King'sCollegeLondon）注意力研究中心（CenterforAttentionStudies）发现，在接受调查的2，000名成年人中，有49%的人觉得自己的注意力时长比以前短了。几乎同样多的人（47%）同意"'深度思考'已经成为过去式"。）根据第三段havingalossofcontrol（失控）可知，很多人都说自己感到无法集中注意力，也就是注意力分散的，distracted意为"注意力分散的"，和absent-minded意思相近，A.Upset.心烦意乱的；B.Puzzled.困惑的；C.Self-centered以自我为中心的；D.Absent

minded.心不在焉的。故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段That'swhyIthinkwe'vegottothispoint，wherewe'rehavingsuchahardtimecontrollingourattention，becausewehaven'tfiguredoutyethowwecanusethistechnologywiselyinourlives.（这就是为什么我认为我们已经到了这个地步，我们很难控制自己的注意力，因为我们还没有弄清楚如何在我们的生活中明智地使用这项技术。）可知，我们的注意力被偷走了是因为我们没有适当地利用这项技术。故选D。

（4）文章出处题。根据第二段Early

last

year，the

Center

for

Attention

Studies

at

King's

College

London

found

that

49%

of

2，000

adults

surveyed

felt

their

attention

length

was

shorter

than

it

used

to

be.Almost

as

many（47%）agreed

that"'deep

thinkinghas

become

a

thing

of

the

past".（去年年初，伦敦国王学院（King'sCollegeLondon）注意力研究中心（CenterforAttentionStudies）发现，在接受调查的2，000名成年人中，有49%的人觉得自己的注意力时长比以前短了。几乎同样多的人（47%）同意"'深度思考'已经成为过去式"。）可知，本文是关于科学界的新发现，因此可能来自于科学杂志，故选A。

本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是去年年初，伦敦国王学院注意力研究中心发现，在接受调查的2，000名成年人中，有49%的人觉得自己的注意力时长比以前短了。几乎同样多的人（47%）同意深度思考已经成为过去式。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】B、C、D、C【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Buttheauthoritiesdidnotactquicklyordecisivelyenough.Elevenmonthslater，HurricaneKatrinadestroyedthecity.（但当局的行动不够迅速和果断。11个月后，飓风Katrina摧毁了这座城市。）可知，飓风来袭时，当局不作为导致了这座城市的毁灭。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The

problem

is

that

we

still

fail

to

act，even

if

faced

with

clear

risks.Psychologists

describe

this

inaction

as

normalcy

bias

（偏见）.In

the

face

of

disaster，people

have

oft

en

been

slow

to

recognize

the

danger

and

do

nothing

until

it

is

too

late.（问题是，即使面临明显的风险，我们仍然没有采取行动。心理学家将这种不作为描述为正常偏见。面对灾难，人们往往迟迟没有意识到危险，直到为时已晚才采取行动。）可知，C.Fewpeoplegotpreparedforthepandemicatfirstbecauseothersdidn'tdoso.（一开始很少有人为流行病做好准备，因为其他人没有这样做。）说明了人们没有意识到危险，直到为时已晚才采取行动是一种正常偏见，故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Partoftheproblemmaysimplybethatwegetourcluesfromothers.Inafamousexperimentconductedinthelate1960s，psychologistsfilledsmokeintoaroominwhichtheparticipantswerefillinginaquestionnaire.（部分问题可能仅仅是我们从别人那里获得线索。在20世纪60年代末进行的一项著名实验中，心理学家向一间正在填写问卷的房间里注入烟雾。）和最后一段Anothercognitive（认知的）shortcutisoptimismbias.Inanexperiment，psychologistsNeilWeinsteinaskedmorethan250studentstopredictpleasantfuturesuchasgoodjobsandclearriskssuchasanearlyheartattack.（另一个认知捷径是乐观偏见。在一项实验中，心理学家NeilWeinstein要求250多名学生预测美好的未来，比如好工作，以及明确的风险，比如心脏病发作。）可知，作者是通过举例介绍这两种认知捷径的，故选D。

（4）标题归纳题。根据第二段The

problem

is

that

we

still

fail

to

act，even

if

faced

with

clear

risks.Psychologists

describe

this

inaction

as

normalcy

bias

（偏见）.In

the

face

of

disaster，people

have

oft

en

been

slow

to

recognize

the

danger

and

do

nothing

until

it

is

too

late.（问题是，即使面临明显的风险，我们仍然没有采取行动。心理学家将这种不作为描述为正常偏见。面对灾难，人们往往迟迟没有意识到危险，直到为时已晚才采取行动。）倒数第二段Partoftheproblemmaysimplybethatwegetourcluesfromothers.（部分问题可能仅仅是我们从别人那里获得线索。）和最后一段Anothercognitive（认知的）shortcutisoptimismbias.（另一个认知捷径是乐观偏见。）可知，本文主要论述的是为什么我们总是无法在灾难来临前做好准备，因此最好的题目是C.WhyDoWeFailtoPrepareforDisasters？（为什么我们没有为灾难做好准备？）故选C。

本文是一篇说明文，主要论述的是为什么我们总是无法在灾难来临前做好准备。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

16~20.【答案】G、E、C、A、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据空后的AsastudybytheMinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmarkshows，acottonbagneedstobeused20，000timestooffsetitsoverallimpactofproductionontheenvironment.（丹麦环境和食品部的一项研究表明，一个棉袋需要使用20000次才能抵消其生产对环境的总体影响。）可知这里是指出使用棉袋的负面影响，G项Buttheincreaseintheuseofcottonbagsmayhavecreatedanewproblem.（但是，棉袋使用量的增加可能带来了一个新的问题）与后句语义相呼应，且引出话题，故选G。

（2）推理判断题。根据上文AsastudybytheMinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmarkshows，acottonbagneedstobeused20，000timestooffsetitsoverallimpactofproductionontheenvironment.（丹麦环境和食品部的一项研究表明，一个棉袋需要使用20000次才能抵消其生产对环境的总体影响。）可知，这里指的是棉袋的使用次数问题，因此E项Thatisequaltodailyusefor54yearsforjustonecottonbag.（这相当于一个棉袋54年来的日常使用量）是对前句的进一步阐释，故选E。

（3）联系上文题。根据上文Evenwhenacottonbagdoesmakeittoatreatmentplant，mostlogosprintedonthemarenotrecyclable.（即使棉袋真的被送到了处理厂，印在上面的大多数标志也是不可回收的。）可知，这里指的是棉袋的缺点以及原因，C选项They'reextremelydifficulttobreakdownchemically.（它们极难被化学分解）是对前句原因的进一步解释，故选C。

（4）语境衔接题。根据空格前句Theybothhavedisadvantages（它们都有缺点）以及后句Andplasticbagsusefossilfuelsthatproducegreenhousegases，neverbiodegradeandblocktheoceans（塑料袋使用的化石燃料会产生温室气体，永远不会生物降解并阻挡海洋）可知，这里指的是两者的缺点并指出了塑料袋的缺点，显然，空格处要指出棉袋的缺点，A项Cottonhasdriedupriversforwateruse."（棉花使以供用水的河流干涸。），符合前后逻辑，故选A。

（5）细节理解题。根据空后的Forexample，BritishdesignerAllyCapellinoreplacedcottonwithhemp（例如，英国设计师AllyCapellino用麻纤维取代了棉花）可知，这里指的是其他替代方案，B项Somecompaniesareturningtoothertextilesolutions.（一些公司正在转向其他纺织品解决方案）这些例子的高度概括，先总后分，故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。介绍了近年来，棉布于提袋越来越流行，棉布手提袋看似比塑料袋环保许多.但它真的对环境无害吗？

考查选句填空。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合前后语句及选项做出正确的选择。

21~35.【答案】A、A、A、D、C、B、B、C、A、D、B、D、A、C、C【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.believed相信，认为；B.announc