2022北京丰台十八中初二（下）期中英语试题及答案

2022北京十八中学初二（下）期中英语班级_______姓名_______考试须知1.本试卷共8页，共七道大题，57道小题，满分分，考试时间分钟。2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。知识运用（共一、单项填空（共5分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Youcouldplaywiththegirlandcheer__________up.A.himB.herC.themD.2.—WhenJay’sconcert?—It’satthreeo’clock________theafternoonofJuly18th.A.B.atC.onD.3.—___________doyoustayathome?—BecauseIhavesomethingimportantdo.A.When4.MyparentsandI________treeslastSunday.A.plantB.willplantB.WhyC.WhoD.WhichD.plantedD.needn’tC.areplanting5.Sorry,sir.I________you.Wouldyoupleasespeakslower?A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’t6.Lingling,canyouplayfootballwithmenow?—Sorry,Ican’t.I________achocolatepie.A.made7.RobotsA.B.makeC.ammakingD.wasmakingD.willdoalltheheavyanddifficultjobsthefuture.B.didC.aredoing8.——Lucy,youruncleateacher?——Yes,heis.Hehistoryfornearly20years.B.hastaughtA.teachesC.teachingD.willteach9.Scientists________spaceshipsthe1960s.A.beginB.havebegunC.beganD.werebeginning10.－Iworkedanoldpeople’shomelastsummer.－Oh,whatdidtheyaskyou_________outwith?A.helpB.helpC.helpingD.helped二、根据句意和所给的首字母补全单词。（共5分，每小题1/1911.Whatam____!Youshouldputawaytheseuselessthings.12.Mymotherkeepshealthybyeatinghealthyfoodtakinge____.13.Thedancerfeltabitn________herfirstperformance.14.Henotathome.Youleaveam________forhim.15.IlikeswimmingIt’sf________sport.16.Ihavemanyh________,likecollectingstamps,takingphotosso17.Twoyearsago,themanwasw____andhefellbutnowheverystrong.18.Weallknowthatstonesarehard.Theyarenots____atall.19.Weallknowthatthemoonmovesaroundthee________.20.Theoldmandidn’twantliveLondon.Hedecidedm____hishometown.三、完形填空（共5分，每小题0.5分）MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankles脚踝)wasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningforweeks,leavingmeonlyweekstrain.Yet,Idecidedahead.Irememberback7thyearschool.InfirstP.E.class,theteacheraskedusrunlapsthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdo___21___.HetoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideaIwas“notathletic”___22___meforyears.WhenIstartedrunning30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorIwasathletic.Itwasallabouttheagainstmyownbodymind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemy___23___,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweating出汗)nervous,readyprovesomethingmyself.Shortlyaftercrossingtheline,myshoelaces鞋带)becameuntied.SoI___24___readjust(再调整).NotstartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:IT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthen___25___again.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIgotmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Shebiggestfan.Shenever___26___thealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasofthe___27___runnersfinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.InIgotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocamefirstplacehad.Determinedmyself,moveforward,freeofshameworldlylabels世俗标签),Icanmyselfa“marathon___28___”.21.A.happily22.A.moved23.A.marathon24.A.refused25.A.walking26.A.minded27.A.firstB.quietlyB.troubledB.C.excitedlyC.questionedC.walkingC.stoppedC.finishingC.stoppedC.injuredD.wellD.confusedD.leavingD.promisedD.runningD.changedD.crossedD.trainerB.failedB.wavingB.heardB.final28.A.coachB.runnerC.winner2/19阅读理解（共四、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共每小题2AAtrainasetofcars.Sometrainscarrypeople.Othersthings.Trainsmovealongonetrack(轨道)ortwo.Trainscanmoveveryfast.Buttheycan’tstopquickly.Herearesomedifferenttrains.Afreight(货运)trainApassengertrainItcarriespeoplefromoneanother.Itcantravelacrossthecountry.Itcarriesheavythings.Afreighttrainoftentravelslongdistances.Amonorail(单轨列车)AsubwaytrainItrunsononetrack.Electricitymakesamonorailmove.Itoftencarrypeopleatairports.Peoplebigcitiesoftenthesubwaytrains.Thesetrainsmoveelectricity.Theyundertheground.29.Whichkindoftraincan’tcarrypeople?A.Afreighttrain.30.Wherecanyouamonorailaccordingthepassage?A.Inalibrary.B.Inaschool.C.Atanairport.31.WhichkindoftrainyoutakewanttravelfromShanghaiBeijing?B.Apassengertrain.C.Amonorail.D.Asubwaytrain.D.Undertheground.D.Asubwaytrain.A.Afreighttrain.B.Apassengertrain.C.Amonorail.BInAprillastyear,aspecial20-year-oldhadherbirthday.Wheneverythingwasshutdown（停业）becauseoftheCOVID-19（新冠肺炎）,shejustspentthedaywithherfamily.Itwasmuchanyofyouwhohadbirthdaysthelasttwomonths.HernameAugust.Shespecialbecauseshetheworld’soldestgoldenretriever（金毛寻回犬）.Born2000,Augustwasalready14yearsoldwhenshecamelivewithJenniferSteveHetterscheidtattheirhome.Theythoughttheywouldhaveayearsherbecauseshewassoold.Butwerehappyspendthisspecialbirthdaywithher.AugustliveswithSteveandJenniferandherbrothersandsistersSherman,BelleBruce.Andyes,youguessed—theyareallgoldenretrievers!Augustveryactiveforage—takeswalksandevenhasafromtimetime!So,oldcandogslive?Mostdogslive1015years.Forgoldenretrievers,theycanlive15years.Itreallyawonder（奇迹）forAugustlivesuchalife!32.WhyAugustspecial?A.Becausesheagoodfamily.C.Becausehasaveryoldage.33.WhendidAugustcomethisfamily?B.Becausehasastrangename.D.Becausesheakindowner.A.In2000.B.In2014.C.In2001.D.In2015.34.WhatcanweaboutAugust?A.Sheliveswithherthreechildren.3/19B.Shespenthertwentiethbirthdayarestaurant.C.ShesometimestakeswalksorhasaD.She’sbeenwithJenniferandSteve20years.COnedayafterschool,Iwenttheteacher’sofficeseemyteacher,butnobodywasthere.AsIwasaboutleave,Inoticedapieceofpaperonfloor.Ipickedupandthewords“FINAL-EXAMINATION”atthetop.Iputthepaperintomyschoolsecretlyandranoutoftheroom.AfterIcamebackhome,Ioutthepaperquickly.Itwastheexampaperofmyworstsubject,History.Ifeltexcited.Myheartbeatfast.ItookoutmyHistorybookstartedworkingontheanswer.Ineveransweredquestionsseriously.OnthedayoftheHistoryIwentintotheexamconfidently.Whenthepaperwasme,Idreamtofgettingthehighestmarkwholegradeandcouldhelpsmiling.“MyHistoryteacheralwaysencouragedworkhardandgetbettergrades,Ilethimdowntimetimeagain.ThistimeIwillgivehimabigsurprise,”Ithought.Whentheteachersaidwestart,Iturnedthepaperover.Tosurprise,allthequestionsweredifferent.LaterIfeltnervous.theend,Ialmostleftthepaperundone.Aftertheexam,Ithetookoutthepaperandcarefullyreadfromthetop.Oh!Itwaslastyear’sexampaper.IallthequestionsIhadn’treadthedate.ThisalessonwhichIknowIhavemyfeetonground.Iregretteddoingsuchathing.Afterthat,ItoldmyteacherthetruthIpromisedbehonest.Fromthenon,Iworkedharderthaneverbefore.35.Thewriterwenttheteacher’soffice________.A.takeanexam36.Thewriteralways________hisHistoryexams.A.gothighmarksB.didthings37.Whendidthewriterknowwaslastyear’sexampaper?B.seehisteacherC.gethisschoolbagD.asksomequestionsC.lethisteacherdownD.leftthepaperundoneA.Beforereadallthequestions.B.Assoonashereturnedhome.D.Afterhethepaperthetoilet.D说明文关系型（AB）A影响BC.Untilhewentintotheteacher’soffice.①Areyouahappypersonmostofthetime?Ordoyougetangrysometimes?Everyonehasadifferenttemperament（脾气）.Itusuallybelievedthatbothgenes（基因）environmentmayaffect（影响）people’stemperamentsdifferentways.Butnowscientistshavefoundthattheseasonofbirthalsoplaysarole.②ScientistsfromBudapest,Hungary,studied400universitystudents.thestudy,studentsneededfinishaquestionnaire（问卷）.Thepurposeofwasfindoutwhichoffourkindsoftemperamentstheymosthad.Fromthequestionnaire,scientistsfoundthatthestudentsalwaysansweredsomethinglike“Mymoodoftenchangesnoreason”“Ilovedealwithprojects,evenrisky”.Tanswerswerethenmatchedwiththeirbirthdays.③Theydiscoveredthatbornsummereasilychangebetweenandhappymoodscomparedpeoplebornwinter.Thosewhoalwaysfeelpositivearemostlybornspringandsummer.④Thestudyalsofoundthatthosebornautumnlessprobablyhadamoodofdepressionwhichmayeasilydrivecry,whilethosebornwinterwerenoteasierbeangry.⑤Scientistssaidthatthiswasprobablybecausetheseasonshadaninfluencecertainchemicalsthehumanbody.Andchemicalsareimportantcontrolpeople’smoodsevenadultlife.4/19⑥“Itseemsthatwhenbornmayincreaseordecreaseyourchanceofdevelopingcertainmooddisorders乱）,”leadscientistXeniaGondatoldTheTelegraph.38.Whatprobablycan’taffect（关系）people’stemperaments（脾气）accordingParagraph1?A.Genes.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depression”mostprobablymean?A.Sadness.B.Happiness.C.Surprise.B.Ages.C.Seasons.D.Environment.D.Excitement.40.Whichofthefollowingsentencestruefrompassage?A.Peoplebornsummerchangetheirmoodsmoreeasily.B.Theseasonofbirthhasaninfluenceonhuman’sC.Thereweremiddleschoolstudentstakingpartthestudy.D.Theanswersquestionnairewerematchedwithbirthdays.41.What’sthebestforthispassage?A.SeasonsMoodsC.MoodsHealthB.TheInfluenceofGenesD.TheImportanceofBirthplaces五、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。共10分，每小题2分)LoanwordsOurclassprojectlastmonthwasfindoutmoreaboutloanwords,wordswhichareborrowedbyonelanguageanother.TherearethousandsofloanwordsEnglish,becauseEnglishinfluencedbyavarietyofdifferentlanguages,and,forthatreason,hasahugenumberofloanwords.saidthat80percentofEnglishwordscomefromotherlanguages.SomespeakerspreferusingforeignwordsandphrasesplaceofEnglish—theythinktheysoundmoreinteresting.TwoAsianlanguageswhichhavealotofwordsareJapaneseKorean.MostoftheloanwordsJapanesecomefromChineseEnglish.Chinesewords,andChinesecharacters,firstcameintotheJapaneselanguagemorethan1,000yearsago.ChinesecharacterswhichareusedJapanesearecalledkanji,andmanyChineseKanjihavedifferentmeaningsorpronunciations,aswellasoccasionallybeingwrittenslightlydifferently.Inrecenttimes,JapanesehasalsoborrowedmanywordsPortuguese,German(especiallymedicalwords),FrenchandItalian(especiallywordsaboutmusicfood).Chinesewordsarewrittenanotheralphabet,calledkatakana.TherearealsoalotofChinesewordsandcharactersKorean.Morerecently,KoreanhasalsoalotofwordsfromEnglish.However,theyareusedKorean,meaningsofmanywordsexpressionschange.Forexample,theEnglishworddessert”meanssomethingsweetthatyoueatattheofaInKorean,thewordmeanssomethingyoudrinkattheofa—tea,coffeeorasoftdrink.42.Whatareloanwords?_______________43.WhydoesEnglishhaveahugenumberofwords?_______________44.WhendidChinesewordsfirstcomeintotheJapaneselanguage?_______________45.WhatdoestheEnglishword“dessert”meanKorean?_______________46.Whatarethelastthreeparagraphsmainlyabout?5/19_______________书面表达（共六、完成句子。根据中文提示完成下列英文句子，每空一词。（共4分，每小题47.苹果派听起来不错。Applepie________________.48.我哥哥在校网球队。我为他骄傲！Mybrothertheschooltennisteam.Iam________________him!49.他们正在倒数天数。They_______________thedays.50.你想过其他的比赛吗？Haveyouever_______________otherkindsofcompetitions?51.这个旅程花了几个月。Thejourney________severalmonths.52.这很难想像。It_______________imagine.53.教练通常和我们一起参加训练。Ourcoachusually_______________thetrainingwithus.54.该看卡通片啦。_______________watchacartoon.七、文段表达（10分）55.根据中文和英文提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于词的短文，所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。“读万卷书，行万里路”。旅行让人开阔眼界，增长知识。在你的旅行经历中，有哪一段经历是最令你难忘的呢？你去了什么地方？经历了些什么？你的感受如何？请以“Anunforgettabletravelexperience”为题，分享你最难忘的旅行经历。提示词语：beach,visit,takephotos,enjoy,wonderful提示问题：Wheredidyouandwhoyougowith?Whatdiddothere?Howdoyou______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6/19参考答案一、单项填空（共5分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Youcouldplaywiththegirlandcheer__________up.A.himB.herC.themD.【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你可以和那个伤心的女孩一起玩，让她高兴起来。him他，她的，them他们，你。根据Youcouldplaywiththesadgirl可知此处表示让那个女孩高兴起来，代指那个女孩用代词her。故选。2.—WhenJay’sconcert?—It’satthreeo’clock________theafternoonofJuly18th.A.B.atC.onD.【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——周杰伦的演唱会是什么时候？——7月日下午3考查时间介词辨析。到；at后接具体时刻；on后接具体某一天；后接某年某月某季节。“theafternoonofJuly18th”是具体的一天，应填on，故选C。3.—___________doyoustayathome?—BecauseIhavesomethingimportantdo.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhoD.Which【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：—为什么你不得不待在家？因为我有很重要的事要做。考查特殊疑问句。When什么时候；Why为什么；Who谁；Which哪一个。根据回答中Because可知，问句是在询问原因，用Why引导的特殊疑问句。故选。4.MyparentsandI________treeslastSunday.A.plantB.willplantC.areplantingD.planted【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：我的父母和我上星期天种树。考查一般过去时。根据Sunday”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选D。5.Sorry,sir.I________you.Wouldyoupleasespeakslower?A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t【答案】A【解析】7/19【详解】句意：对不起，先生，我听不懂。请你说慢一点好吗？考查情态动词。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不需要。根据“Wouldyoupleaseslower”可知说话人不能跟上先生，听不懂了，应用can’tA。6.Lingling,canyouplayfootballwithmenow?—Sorry,Ican’t.I________achocolatepie.A.madeB.makeC.ammakingD.wasmaking【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——玲玲，你现在能和我一起踢足球吗？——对不起，我不能。我正在做巧克力派。考查动词时态。根据“canplayfootballwithmenow?”可知句子的时态是现在进行时，故选C。7.RobotsA.alltheheavyanddifficultjobsthefuture.B.didC.aredoingD.willdo【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：机器人将在未来做所有繁重和困难的工作。考查一般将来时。动词原形；did过去式；aredoing现在进行时；willdo一般将来时；根据“thefuture”可知，此处用一般将来时，故选D。8.——Lucy,youruncleateacher?——Yes,heis.HeA.teacheshistoryfornearly20years.B.hastaughtC.teachingD.willteach【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——露西，你叔叔是老师吗？是的，他教了将近年的历史了。考查现在完成时。根据fornearly20years可知，这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语，通常用于现在完成时，而且动词应该用延续性动词，现在完成时态结构为have/has+动词的过去分词。故选B。【点睛】本题主要考查现在完成时。用法：表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，还表示过去发生动作一直持续到现在。其结构是have/has+及物动词的过去分词。此题注意短暂性动词和延续性动词的区别。9.Scientists________spaceshipsthe1960s.A.beginB.havebegunC.beganD.werebeginning【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：科学家们在年代开始向火星发射宇宙飞船。考查动词时态。根据“inthe1960s”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选C。10.－Iworkedanoldpeople’shomelastsummer.－Oh,whatdidtheyaskyou_________outwith?A.helpB.helpC.helpingD.helped【答案】B【解析】8/19【详解】句意：——去年夏天我在一个老年人之家工作。——哦，他们要求你帮助什么？askdo要求某人做某事，故用动词不定式help，故选B。二、根据句意和所给的首字母补全单词。（共5分，每小题11.Whatam____!Youshouldputawaytheseuselessthings.【答案】(m)ess【解析】【详解】句意：真是一团糟！你应该把这些无用的东西收起来。根据“puttheseuselessthings.”可知东西摆的到处都是，很乱，mess“”，是名词，故填(m)ess。12.Mymotherkeepshealthybyeatinghealthyfoodtakinge____.【答案】(e)xercise【解析】【详解】句意：我妈妈通过吃健康的食物和锻炼来保持健康。根据“byeatinghealthyfoodtaking...”和首字母提示可知，此处是指通过锻炼来保持健康。固定短语exercise“做锻炼、运动。故填(e)xercise。13.Thedancerfeltabitn________herfirstperformance.【答案】nervous【解析】【详解】句意：舞蹈演员第一次表演时有点紧张。根据语境及首字母可知，此处应为nervous紧张的，形容词，在句中作表语，意为感觉紧张。故答案为nervous。14.Henotathome.Youleaveam________forhim.【答案】(m)essage【解析】【详解】句意：他不在家。你可以给他留个口信。固定短语leaveamessage“留口信”，故填(m)essage。15.IlikeswimmingIt’s________sport.【答案】(f)avourite##(f)avorite【解析】【详解】句意：我最喜欢游泳。这是我最喜欢的运动。根据“swimming”结合单词首字母可知，此处是指最喜欢的运动，favourite/favorite“最喜欢的，是形容词，故填(f)avourite/(f)avorite。16.Ihavemanyh________,likecollectingstamps,takingphotosso【答案】(h)obbies【解析】【详解】句意：我有很多爱好，比如集邮，拍照等等。根据“likecollectingstamps,takingphotosand及首字母可知，此处列举自己的爱好，hobby“爱好”，many修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填(h)obbies。17.Twoyearsago,themanwasw____andhefellbutnowheverystrong.【答案】(w)eak【解析】【详解】句意：两年前，这个年轻人身体虚弱，经常生病，但现在他非常强壮。根据“but”可知此处是表示转折，现在很强壮，过去很虚弱，weak“虚弱的”，是形容词，故填(w)eak。18.Weallknowthatstonesarehard.Theyarenots____atall.9/19【答案】(s)oft【解析】【详解】句意：我们都知道石头是硬的。它们一点也不软。根据“stonesarehard”结合单词首字母可知石头不软，soft“柔软的”，是形容词作表语，故填(s)oft。19.Weallknowthatthemoonmovesaroundthee________.【答案】(e)arth【解析】【详解】句意：我们都知道月亮围绕地球转。根据常识可知，月亮围绕地球转，地球的英文是earth，定冠词the表示特指，只有一个地球。故填(e)arth。20.Theoldmandidn’twantliveLondon.Hedecided____hishometown.【答案】(m)ove【解析】【详解】句意：这位老人不想住在伦敦。他决定搬到家乡去。根据“Hedecidedto...tohishometown.”结合单词首字母可知，此处指的是搬家，move“搬家”，是动词，空前有不定式符号to，动词用原形，故填(m)ove。三、完形填空（共5分，每小题0.5分）MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankles脚踝)wasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningforweeks,leavingmeonlyweekstrain.Yet,Idecidedahead.Irememberback7thyearschool.InfirstP.E.class,theteacheraskedusrunlapsthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdo___21___.HetoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideaIwas“notathletic”___22___meforyears.WhenIstartedrunning30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorIwasathletic.Itwasallabouttheagainstmyownbodymind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemy___23___,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweating出汗)nervous,readyprovesomethingmyself.Shortlyaftercrossingtheline,myshoelaces鞋带)becameuntied.SoI___24___readjust(再调整).NotstartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:IT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthen___25___again.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIgotmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Shebiggestfan.Shenever___26___thealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasofthe___27___runnersfinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.InIgotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocamefirstplacehad.Determinedmyself,moveforward,freeofshameworldlylabels世俗标签),Icanmyselfa“marathon___28___”.21.A.happily22.A.movedB.quietlyC.excitedlyD.wellB.troubledC.questionedD.confused10/1923.A.marathon24.A.refused25.A.walking26.A.minded27.A.firstB.C.walkingC.stoppedC.finishingC.stoppedC.injuredC.winnerD.leavingD.promisedD.runningD.changedD.crossedD.trainerB.failedB.wavingB.heardB.final28.A.coachB.runner【答案】D22.B23.A24.C25.D26.A27.B28.C【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。【21题详解】句意：我做得不好。happily高兴地；quietly安静地；excitedly兴奋地；well很好地。根据下文“HetoldmethatIwas“notathletic”.”可知是我做得不好，设空处修饰前面的动词，因此用副词well，故选D。【22题详解】句意：我不擅长运动”的想法困扰了我很多年。moved被移动的；troubled困惑的；questioned怀疑的；confused混乱的。根据下文WhenIstartedrunningmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,…”结合ideathatIwas“notathletic”…meforyears.”可知是“不擅长运动”的想法困扰了我很多年，30多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是一场与自己的战斗……，故选B。【23题详解】句意：在我跑马拉松的前一天晚上，我梦见我甚至找不到终点线。marathon马拉松赛跑；旅行；walking步行；leaving离开。根据上文“Abeforemyfirstmarathon,可知是在我跑马拉松的前一天晚上，故选A。【24题详解】句意：所以我停下来重新调整。refused拒绝；失败；stopped停止；promised许诺。根据上文“myshoelaces鞋带)becameuntied.鞋带松了，可知应是停下来调整，故选。【25题详解】句意：尽管很疼，我还是坚持走了一会儿，然后再跑。walking走；waving挥手；finishing完成；running跑。根据“Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthen…again.”结合语境，可知我在参加马拉松比赛，因此应是坚持走了一会儿后接着再跑，故选D。【26题详解】句意：她从不介意凌晨4点的闹钟响，也从不质疑我的跑步费用。minded介意；heard听到；stopped停止；changed改变。根据上文“biggestfan.”她是我的忠实粉丝，可知应是不介意凌晨4点的闹钟响，也从不质疑我的跑步费用。故选A。【27题详解】句意：我是最后一名跑完全程的选手之一。11/19first第一；final最后；injured伤害；crossed交叉。根据下文“ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocamefirstplace”结合“Iwasoneofthe…runnersfinish.”可知我是最后一名跑完全程的选手之一，故选B。【28题详解】句意：我现在可以称自己为“马拉松赢家。coach教练；runner跑步者；winner获胜者；trainer训练员。根据上文ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.fact,Igotthesamemedalastheonetheguywhocamefirstplacehad.可知我最后完成了马拉松比赛，而且还获得了一枚奖章，因此应该是现在可以称自己为“马拉松赢家，故选。阅读理解（共四、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共每小题2AAtrainasetofcars.Sometrainscarrypeople.Othersthings.Trainsmovealongonetrack(轨道)ortwo.Trainscanmoveveryfast.Buttheycan’tstopquickly.Herearesomedifferenttrains.Afreight(货运)trainApassengertrainItcarriespeoplefromoneanother.Itcantravelacrossthecountry.Itcarriesheavythings.Afreighttrainoftentravelslongdistances.Amonorail(单轨列车)AsubwaytrainItrunsononetrack.Electricitymakesamonorailmove.Itoftencarrypeopleatairports.Peoplebigcitiesoftenthesubwaytrains.Thesetrainsmoveelectricity.Theyundertheground.29.Whichkindoftraincan’tcarrypeople?A.Afreighttrain.30.Wherecanyouamonorailaccordingthepassage?A.Inalibrary.B.Inaschool.C.Atanairport.31.WhichkindoftrainyoutakewanttravelfromShanghaiBeijing?A.Afreighttrain.B.Apassengertrain.C.Amonorail.B.Apassengertrain.C.Amonorail.D.Asubwaytrain.D.Undertheground.D.Asubwaytrain.【答案】A30.C31.B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了四种不同类型的火车以及它们的功用。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据freigh货运)trainItcarriesheavythings.”可知货运火车不运送人，故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据单轨列车)Itrunsononetrack.Electricitymakesamonorailmove.Itoftencarrypeopleatairports.”可知我们可以机场看到单轨列车，故选C。【31题详解】12/19细节理解题。根据passengertrainItcarriespeopleonecityanother.Ittravelacrossthecountry.”可知如果我们要从上海去北京，应该乘坐客运火车，故选。BInAprillastyear,aspecial20-year-oldhadherbirthday.Wheneverythingwasshutdown（停业）becauseoftheCOVID-19（新冠肺炎）,shejustspentthedaywithherfamily.Itwasmuchanyofyouwhohadbirthdaysthelasttwomonths.HernameAugust.Shespecialbecauseshetheworld’soldestgoldenretriever（金毛寻回犬）.Born2000,Augustwasalready14yearsoldwhenshecamelivewithJenniferSteveHetterscheidtattheirhome.Theythoughttheywouldhaveayearsherbecauseshewassoold.Butwerehappyspendthisspecialbirthdaywithher.AugustliveswithSteveandJenniferandherbrothersandsistersSherman,BelleBruce.Andyes,youguessed—theyareallgoldenretrievers!Augustveryactiveforage—takeswalksandevenhasafromtimetime!So,oldcandogslive?Mostdogslive1015years.Forgoldenretrievers,theycanlive15years.Itreallyawonder（奇迹）forAugustlivesuchalife!32.WhyAugustspecial?A.Becausesheagoodfamily.C.Becausehasaveryoldage.33.WhendidAugustcomethisfamily?B.Becausehasastrangename.D.Becausesheakindowner.A.In2000.B.In2014.C.In2001.D.In2015.34.WhatcanweaboutAugust?A.liveswithherthreechildren.B.spenttwentiethbirthdayarestaurant.C.sometimestakeswalksorhasaswim.D.She’sbeenwithJenniferandSteve20years.【答案】C33.B34.C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了世界上最年老的金毛寻回犬庆祝岁生日的故事。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“Shespecialbecausetheworld’soldestgoldenretriever”可知，她很特别，因为她是世界上最老的金毛寻回犬，故选。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据“Born2000,AugustwasalreadyyearsoldwhenshecamelivewithJenniferSteveHetterscheidtattheirhome”可知，出生于年，来到Jennifer和Steve岁，由此可推断，她是在2014年来到这个家庭的，故选。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据“shetakeswalksandevenafromtimetime”可知，她有时去散步和游泳，故选C。C13/19Onedayafterschool,Iwenttheteacher’sofficeseemyteacher,butnobodywasthere.AsIwasaboutleave,Inoticedapieceofpaperonfloor.Ipickedupandthewords“FINAL-EXAMINATION”atthetop.Iputthepaperintomyschoolsecretlyandranoutoftheroom.AfterIcamebackhome,Ioutthepaperquickly.Itwastheexampaperofmyworstsubject,History.Ifeltexcited.Myheartbeatfast.ItookoutmyHistorybookstartedworkingontheanswer.Ineveransweredquestionsseriously.OnthedayoftheHistoryIwentintotheexamconfidently.Whenthepaperwasme,Idreamtofgettingthehighestmarkwholegradeandcouldhelpsmiling.“MyHistoryteacheralwaysencouragedworkhardandgetbettergrades,Ilethimdowntimetimeagain.ThistimeIwillgivehimabigsurprise,”Ithought.Whentheteachersaidwestart,Iturnedthepaperover.Tosurprise,allthequestionsweredifferent.LaterIfeltnervous.theend,Ialmostleftthepaperundone.Aftertheexam,Ithetookoutthepaperandcarefullyreadfromthetop.Oh!Itwaslastyear’sexampaper.IallthequestionsIhadn’treadthedate.ThisalessonwhichIknowIhavemyfeetonground.Iregretteddoingsuchathing.Afterthat,ItoldmyteacherthetruthIpromisedbehonest.Fromthenon,Iworkedharderthaneverbefore.35.Thewriterwenttheteacher’soffice________.A.takeanexam36.Thewriteralways________hisHistoryexams.A.highmarksB.didthings37.Whendidthewriterknowwaslastyear’sexampaper?B.seehisteacherC.gethisschoolbagD.asksomequestionsC.lethisteacherdownD.leftthepaperundoneA.Beforereadallthequestions.C.Untilhewentintotheteacher’soffice.【答案】B36.C37.DB.Assoonashereturnedhome.D.Afterhethepaperthetoilet.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过一份历史试卷的故事告诫我们：人必须要诚实、脚踏实地做事。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据“Oneafterschool,Iwenttheteacher’sofficeseemyteacher,butnobodywasthere”可知，去老师办公室的目的是为了看老师，故选B。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据Historyteacheralwaysencouragedmeworkandgetbettergrades,butIlethimdowntimeandagain”可知，老师总是鼓励作者努力学习，取得高分，但是作者一次一次的让他失望，故选。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据“Afterexam,Irantoilet,tookoutthepapercarefullyreadfromthetop.Oh!Itwaslastyear’sexampaper”可知，作者在卫生间看试卷后才知道那份试卷是去年，故选D。D说明文关系型（AB）A影响B①Areyouahappypersonmostofthetime?Ordoyougetangrysometimes?Everyonehasadifferenttemperament（脾气）.Itusuallybelievedthatbothgenes（基因）environmentmayaffect（影响）people’stemperamentsdifferentways.Butscientistshavefoundthattheseasonofbirthalsoplaysarole.②ScientistsfromBudapest,Hungary,studied400universitystudents.thestudy,studentsneededfinishaquestionnaire（问卷）.Thepurposeofwasfindoutwhichoffourkindsoftemperamentstheymosthad.Fromthe14/19questionnaire,scientistsfoundthatthestudentsalwaysansweredsomethinge“Mymoodoftenchangesnoreason”“Ilovedealwithprojects,evenrisky”.Theseanswerswerethenmatchedwiththeirbirthdays.③Theydiscoveredthatbornsummereasilychangebetweenandhappymoodscomparedbornwinter.Thosewhoalwaysfeelpositivearemostlybornspringandsummer.④Thestudyalsofoundthatthosebornautumnlessprobablyhadamoodofdepressionwhichmayeasilydrivecry,whilethosebornwinterwerenoteasierbeangry.⑤ScientistssaidthatthiswasprobablybecausetheseasonshadaninfluencecertainchemicalsthehumanbodyAndchemicalsareimportantcontrolpeople’smoodsevenadultlife.⑥“Itseemsthatwhenbornmayincreaseordecreaseyourchanceofdevelopingcertainmooddisorders乱）,”leadscientistXeniaGondatoldTheTelegraph.38.Whatprobablycan’taffect（关系）people’stemperaments（脾气）accordingParagraph1?A.Genes.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depression”mostprobablymean?A.Sadness.B.Happiness.C.Surprise.B.Ages.C.Seasons.D.Environment.D.Excitement.40.Whichofthefollowingsentencestruefrompassage?A.Peoplebornsummerchangetheirmoodsmoreeasily.B.Theseasonofbirthhasaninfluenceonhuman’sC.Thereweremiddleschoolstudentstakingpartthestudy.D.Theanswersquestionnairewerematchedwithbirthdays.41.What’sthebestforthispassage?A.SeasonsMoodsB.TheInfluenceofGenesD.TheImportanceofBirthplacesC.MoodsHealth【答案】B39.A40.C41.A【解析】【导语】本文主要通过实验讲述人的脾气不但受人的基因和环境影响，而且人出生的季节也起作用。研究表明，夏