2019高中英语刷题首秧基础练能力练Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernheroSectionⅠPre-readingWarmingUpReading含解析新人教版必修

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroSectionⅠPre­reading(WarmingUp&Reading)对应学生用书P49[基础题]Ⅰ单词拼写1．Jackisrich,butheisvery________(吝啬的).Heneverlendshismoneytoothers.答案：mean2．Asastudent,Johnisvery________(积极的)inclass.Forexample,heoftenanswersteachers'questions.答案：active3．Heshowsstrongleadership________(品质)．答案：qualities4．MsBlackisconsidereda________(慷慨的)ladybyherneighbors,forsheoftenhelpsthepooroldmannextdoor.答案：generous5．Itistruethatweshouldfollowthe________(原则)ofseekingtruth.答案：principle6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenaleafyplantisundera________，itdoesn'tsitquietly.答案：attack7．Themanisgratefulforhiswife'ss________devotiontothefamily.答案：selfless8．Itissaidthatitisagreatinventionthatwillbenefitm________.答案：mankind9．EtonCollegewasf________byHenryⅥin1440.答案：founded10．Theyhopeforap________settlementofthedispute.答案：peacefulⅡ单句语法填空1．IthinkI'vebeenvery________(self).I'vebeenmainlyconcernedwithmyself.答案：selfish空格处前面有系动词，并有very修饰，故应填形容词。selfish“自私的”。句意：我认为我是自私的，我只关心我自己。2．Workers________(fight)againstthedecisiontoclosethefactoryandfinallytheymadeit.答案：fought空格处与下文中的made是并列关系，故用一般过去时。句意：工人们极力反对关闭工厂的决定，最终他们成功了。3．Youcanbegenerous________yoursmiles,youradviceandmanyotherthings.答案：withbegenerouswith...“在某方面大方”。句意：你可以多一些笑容，多提供一些建议，也可以在许多其他事情上表现得慷慨一些。4．Idon'tbelieve________thesediets.答案：inbelieveinsth.“相信某物有用/正确”。句意：我不相信这些节食方法。5．Hedevotedallhisenergiesto________(write)films.答案：writing本句中to是介词，后应接名词或动名词。句意：他全身心致力于创作电影剧本。6．Oldashewas,MrWangworked________(self)forthefactory.答案：selflessly空格处修饰动词作状语，应用副词，再结合句意可知用selflessly。句意：王先生尽管年岁已大，但还无私地为工厂工作。7．Weallknowthateverybodylikestoworkwithwhoeveris________(rely)andeasytogetonwith.答案：reliable分析句子结构可知，空格处充当表语成分，所以用形容词的形式。句意：我们都知道，每个人都喜欢与任何一个可信赖并容易相处的人工作。8．Shealsohopesherchildrenwillgetagood________(educate)．答案：education在本句中，作动词get的宾语，应用名词形式。句意：她也希望她的孩子可以接受良好的教育。9．Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetof________(principle)．答案：principles由asetof可知，这里用名词复数形式。10．Shewastheone________didmostofthetalking.答案：who空格处所填词引导定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词为theone，指人，故填who。句意：大部分时间都是她在说话。[能力题]Ⅰ阅读理解ApaintingbyChineseartistQiBaishisetarecordformodernartandcalligraphy(书法)ontheMainlandwhenitsoldfor425.5millionyuanatanauction(拍卖)onMay22.Thesalewasamilestoneeq\a\vs4\al(W1)intheauctionofmodernandcontemporaryeq\a\vs4\al(W2)artworks.Thepricemeantitsvaluehadrisenmorethan2,000percentinsixyears.Thework,EagleStandingonPineTreewithFour­characterCoupletinSealScript,measuresabout2.6metersby1meter.ItwasthesecondhighestpricepaidforanartworkontheMainland.ASongDynastyworkbyHuangTingjiansoldfor436.8millionyuanin2010.Qi'spaintingwasfinishedin1946whenQiwas82,anditwashislargestwork.Withastartingpriceof88millionyuan,itattractednearly50bids(出价)inhalfanhour.ShanghaibusinessmanLiuYiqiansaidthattheworkhadbelongedtoeq\a\vs4\al(P1)himandhadcostlessthan20millionyuanin2005.TheauctioncompanysaidtheworkwasbroughtbacktotheMainlandafterbeingboughtfromaprivateownerinSanFranciscosixyearsago.Chinarankedeq\a\vs4\al(W3)firstinglobalartsaleslastyear,aheadoftheUnitedStatesandBritain.FourChineseartistswereamongthetop10inworldwideeq\a\vs4\al(W4)sales:QiBaishi,ZhangDaqian,XuBeihongandFuBaoshi.Qi'sworksrankedsecondinsalestoPabloPicasso'slastyear.QiwasbornintoapeasantfamilyinHunanProvincein1864.Hetaughthimselftopaintandfocusedoneq\a\vs4\al(P2)natureincludingplants,insects,birdsandfish.Heismostlywellknownforhispaintingsofshrimps.In1953,hewaselectedpresidentofChinaArtistsAssociation.HediedinBeijingin1957.eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。中国现代艺术家齐白石的一幅作品被拍卖出了“天价”，创造了中国大陆艺术品拍卖的纪录。)1．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．QiBaishi'sPaintingWasDiscoveredB．QiBaishi'sPaintingWasBroughtBackC．QiBaishi'sPaintingSetanAuctionRecordD．TheValueofQiBaishi'sPaintingsIsontheIncrease答案：C标题判断题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是齐白石的一幅作品被拍卖出了“天价”，创造了中国大陆艺术品拍卖的纪录。故选C项。2．WhoseartworksoldforthehighestpriceontheMainland?A．QiBaishi's.B．HuangTingjian's.C．XuBeihong's.D．ZhangDaqian's.答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三、四句“ItwasthesecondhighestpricepaidforanartworkontheMainland.ASongDynastyworkbyHuangTingjiansoldfor436.8millionyuanin2010.”可知，黄庭坚的作品在中国大陆拍卖出了最高价。故选B项。3．TheauctionpriceofQi'spaintingwas________millionyuanhigherthanthestartingpriceintheauction.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第六句中的“Withastartingpriceof88millionyuan”可知，齐白石这幅作品的起价是88millionyuan，最终拍卖了425.5millionyuan，那么他的这幅画拍卖出的价格比最初的价格多了(425.5－88＝)337.5million。故A项正确。4．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfroma________.A．computerbookB．libraryguideC．technologymagazineD．newspaperreport答案：D推理判断题。文章主要介绍了齐白石的一幅作品在拍卖会上拍出了“天价”，属于新闻报道。故D项正确。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．milestonen.重大事件，里程碑2．contemporaryadj.当代的，现代的3．rankv.排列，位列4．worldwideadj.&adv.遍及全世界的；在全世界eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)1．belongto属于2．focuson专注于Ⅱ完形填空An11­year­oldgirllookedatthecoconuttree(椰子树)inherbackyardatherislandhomeofAntigua.Shedreamedofonedaybecominga(n)__1__inAmerica.Shetoldeveryoneaboutit.Ofcourse,noteveryone__2__herdreamandsomeevenlaughed,saying,“WhydoyouwanttobealawyerinAmerica?Theyhaveenoughlawyers.”However,she__3__tochangehermind.Hermothertoldhershecoulddo__4__andifshewantedtobealawyer,that'swhatshewouldbe.At16,shegraduatedfromhighschool__5__hermomwasnotreadytolether__6__.So,shestayedtwoyearsinAntiguaStateCollege.At18,hermomgaveher$1,000andwithonesuitcasesheleftforAmerica.NewtotheAmerican__7__system,shedidn'tknowhowto__8__acollegeandhowtoapply(申请).Shesearchedforinformationandvisitedafew__9__.However,whenshearrivedatNewJerseyCityUniversity,sheknewitwas“home”.Sheappliedandgot__10__.HavingspenttwoyearsincollegeinAntigua,she__11__tograduateintwoyears.Thiswasnot__12__；sheneeded128__13__tograduate.Shewastoldthatwhatsheplannedtodowas__14__.Butshedecidedshewoulddoit.Inthefollowingyears,shethrewherselfintoher__15__，gettingallthecreditsrequired.Shemadeit__16__.Onthedayofhergraduationfromthelawschool,hermothercriedoverhow__17__herbabyhadcome.Onthedayshe__18__herfirstbarexamat25,herlifecamefullcircle.Fromher__19__tobeareallawyerinAmerica,she__20__thatanythingispossible.Andthatgirlwasme.eq\x(篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己坚持不懈，不忘初心最终奇迹般地实现在美国当律师的梦想的故事。)1．A.doctorB．teacherC．lawyerD．engineer答案：C从文章第二段中别人嘲笑女孩的话“Whydoyouwanttobealawyer”可知，女孩的梦想是在美国当一名律师(lawyer)。下文中的“ifshewantedtobealawyer”也是信息提示。2．A.rememberedB．realizedC．heardD．shared答案：D从下文有人嘲笑女孩可知，不是每个人都和她一样，有同样的梦想。share在此处意为“有同样的想法”。3．A.determinedB．refusedC．choseD．tried答案：B纵观全文可知，女孩坚持并最终实现了自己的梦想，故可推断这里是指她拒绝(refused)改变主意。4．A.anythingB．somethingC．nothingD．everything答案：A从下文中的“ifshewantedtobealawyer,that'swhatshewouldbe”可知，女孩的妈妈鼓励她，她可以做任何事情。anything意为“任何事物”，符合语境。5．A.orB．andC．soD．but答案：D16岁时，女孩高中毕业。从下文中的“shestayedtwoyearsinAntiguaStateCollege”可以推断出，虽然女孩已经可以去美国申请大学了，但是她妈妈还没有准备好让她走，此处表示转折，所以要用but。6．A.goB．learnC．cryD．stop答案：A下文中的“sheleftforAmerica”是提示信息，她妈妈还不愿意让她远赴美国。7．A.educationB．technologyC．businessD．medicine答案：A从上一段可知，女孩是去美国读大学的，所以她不熟悉美国的教育(education)体系。8．A.changeB．foundC．findD．manage答案：C根据语境可知，此处表示女孩不知道怎么找到(find)一所大学，也不知道怎么申请入学。9．A.relativesB．professorsC．homesD．colleges答案：D从下文中的“whenshearrivedatNewJerseyCityUniversity...”可以推断，女孩拜访了几所大学(colleges)。10．A.trustedB．acceptedC．answeredD．attacked答案：B下文直接介绍了女孩的学习计划，故可推知她已经申请并进入了NewJerseyCityUniversity。由此推断，她被接受(accepted)了。11．A.beggedB．regrettedC．decidedD．agreed答案：C从本段最后一句中的“shedecidedshewoulddoit.”可知，女孩决定(decided)在两年内毕业。12．A.usefulB．legalC．boringD．easy答案：D由第13空所在句子和本段末尾的“Butshedecidedshewoulddoit.”可知，完成这件事情是不容易的(easy)。13．A.creditsB．friendsC．coursesD．plans答案：A女孩在两年内修完128个学分(credits)才可以毕业。倒数第二段中的“allthecredits”是提示。14．A.meaningfulB．hopefulC．selfishD．impossible答案：D用两年时间修完128个学分的难度很大，所以她被告知这件事是不可能的(impossible)。15．A.lifeB．studiesC．jobD．marriage答案：B要在两年内修完整个大学期间的学分，当然要把全身心都投入到学业(studies)上。16．A.unwillinglyB．immediatelyC．finallyD．frequently答案：C根据文章内容，只有finally(最终)才能体现出实现该计划之艰难。其他三项不符合语境。17．A.farB．oftenC．soonD．long答案：Ahowfarsb.hascome是固定用法，字面意思是“某人走了多远”，这里是“某人取得了多少成就”的意思。18．A.missedB．passedC．failedD．ignored答案：B根据“herlifecamefullcircle”可推知，此处是指她通过(passed)了律师资格考试。19．A.imaginationB．dreamC．suggestionD．idea答案：B从第一段可知，女孩11岁时开始梦想着在美国当律师。所以此处是指她的梦想(dream)得以实现。20．A.toldB．declareC．provedD．showed答案：C女孩的成功证明了(proved)一切皆有可能。Ⅲ短文改错LastSundayIamabouttoleavetheGreenLakeParkwhenImetaforeignvisitorwhoseseemedtobelost.ItriedtohelphimbutIfoundwehaddifficultyinunderstandeachotherbecauseofmypoorEnglish.Justatthatmoment,tallyoungladycametoourhelp.HespokeverygoodEnglish.Withherhelp,theforeignvisitorfinallyfoundthewaybutIlearnedsomeEnglishaswell.Beforeheleft,theforeignerthankedtousforourkindness.Iwasveryexcitingthatday.ThisexperiencehavemademerealizethatEnglishisrealusefulandworthlearning.Iwillworkhardatitfromnowon.答案：LastSundayIeq\o(am,\s\do4(①was))ab