【中英双语】192关于单片机自动智能水温度控制系统设计有关的外文文献翻译成品：基于单片机的水温控制系统设计对照

此文档是毕业设计外文翻译成品（含英文原文+中文翻译），无需调整复杂的格式！下载之后直接可用，方便快捷！本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！一辈子也就一次的事！外文标题：DesignofWaterTemperatureControlSystemBasedonSingleChipMicrocomputer外文作者：HanhongTan,QiyanYan文献出处:IOPConf.Series:MaterialsScienceandEngineering，2017(如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)英文2641单词，16420字符(字符就是印刷符)，中文3858汉字。DesignofWaterTemperatureControlSystemBasedonSingleChipMicrocomputerAbstract:Inthispaper,wemainlyintroduceamulti-functionwatertemperaturecontrollerdesignedwith51single-chipmicrocomputer.Thiscontrollerhasautomaticandmanualwater,setthewatertemperature,real-timedisplayofwaterandtemperatureandalarmfunction,andhasasimplestructure,highreliability,lowcost.Thecurrentwatertemperaturecontrolleronthemarketbasicallyusebimetaltemperaturecontrol,temperaturecontrolaccuracyislow,poorreliability,asinglefunction.Withthedevelopmentofmicroelectronicstechnology,monolithicmicroprocessorfunctionisincreasing,thepriceislow,inallaspectsofwidelyused.Inthewatertemperaturecontrollerintheapplicationofsingle-chip,withasimpledesign,highreliability,easytoexpandtheadvantagesofthefunction.Isbasedontheappealbackground,sothispaperfocusesonthetemperaturecontrollerintheintelligentcontrolofthediscussion.1.IntroductionThepurposeof"single-chipcoursedesign"istoenablestudentstocompletethedesignandprogrammingofsmallsystemtargetboardbasedonMCS-51single-chipmulti-resourceapplicationandcomprehensivefunctiononthebasisoftheoreticalstudysothatstudentscannotonlyClassroomknowledgeandpracticalapplicationofthecombinationofknowledge,butalsotoelectroniccircuits,electroniccomponents,printedcircuitboardsandotheraspectsofknowledgetofurtherdeepenunderstanding,whilesoftwareprogramming,debuggingdebugging,weldingtechnology,relatedequipmentTheuseofskillsandotheraspectsofamorecomprehensiveexerciseandimproveforthefuturetobeindependentofsomeoftheSCMapplicationsystemdevelopmentanddesignworktolayacertainfoundation.2.OverallDesign2.1.DesignrequirementsTheoveralldesignoftheprogramismainlybasedonsingle-chipwatertemperaturecontrollersystemdesign,toachieveautomaticheatingofwatertemperature,andtodetectthesizeofthewatertemperatureandtemperaturedisplay.Thespecificrequirementsaredividedintothefollowingaspects:theprogramdesignisreasonable,simple;self-designdetectionandrelatedprocessingcircuit;completesingle-chipdataacquisitionandprocessinghardwarecircuitdesignandrelatedsoftwareprogramming;auxiliarycircuitandcomponentsoptional;optionalsensortype;Range20to60degreescelsius.2.2.DesignpurposesTherapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,withprofoundknowledgeisthebasisofthefutureambitious.Experienceisalsoimportantasknowledge,ifnotinthepracticeofstudentspracticehardwork,aloneclassroomlearningclass,isboundtotheoryandpracticeoutoftouchAndtheapplicationofthesituationoutoftouch.Howeasyitistouseasingle-chipmicrocomputertechnology,howusefulisit,andhoweasyitisforthestudentstofeelthatitisjustapilgrimagetotheair,orthatyouwillloseinterestinit,oryouwillfeelitMeasurednowaytostart,thesecircumstanceswillmaketheeffectofclassroomteachinggreatlyreduced.3.DesignThispaperintroducesamulti-functionwatertemperaturecontrollerdesignedwith51single-chipmicrocomputerwithautomaticandmanualwatersupply,setwatertemperature,real-timedisplaywaterquantityandtemperatureandalarmfunction,andhasthecharacteristicsofsimplestructure,highreliabilityandlowcost.Thecurrentwatertemperaturecontrolleronthemarketbasicallyusebimetaltemperaturecontrol,temperaturecontrolaccuracyislow,poorreliability,asinglefunction.Withthedevelopmentofmicroelectronicstechnology,monolithicmicroprocessorfunctionisincreasing,thepriceislow,inallaspectsofwidelyused.Inthewatertemperaturecontrollerintheapplicationofsingle-chip,withasimpledesign,highreliability,easytoexpandtheadvantagesofthefunction.Watertemperaturecontrollermainlytoachievethecontrolofwatertemperature,andtomeettheindividualneedsofdifferentusers.Soamorecompletecontrollershouldhavethefollowingfunctions:Watertemperaturemeasurementanddisplay;watermeasurementanddisplay;usersettings(suchaswatertemperaturesettings,timingsettings,etc.);ontheheatingtubecontrolfunction;somefunctionkeys(suchasregularautomaticwater,constanttemperaturecontrol,manuallyaddwater,Manualheating,etc.).TheflowchartoftheconcretedesignschemeisshowninFig1.Figure1.51single-chipdesignofthewatertemperaturecontrolsystemdesign4.HardwareCircuitDesignAccordingtothefunctionalrequirementsofthewatertemperaturecontrollerandcombinedwiththeresourceanalysisofthe51seriessinglechipmicrocomputer,themainstreammodel89C51inthisseriesisadoptedasthecontrolcoreofthecircuitsystem.ThebasichardwarecircuitshowninFigure2(a)~(c)below.Inthissystem,P0.0~P0.3forseven-segmentcodedisplay,P2.6controlthewaterlockswitch,P2.7controlelectricheatingtube,P3.3~P3.5forkeydesignandreadwater,P3.0~P3.2fortheDS1820communicationforwatertemperaturemeasurement,P2.0~P2.1ontheseven-paragraphcodetoscan,P2.2~P2.5LEDindicator,P3.7controlthespeakerforthealarmAndinstructions.4.1.WatertemperaturemeasurementcircuitWatertemperaturemeasurementcircuittemperaturemeasurementcomponentsusingDALLASsingle-wiredigitaltemperaturesensorDS1820.DS1820providesninetemperaturereadings,measuringrange-55℃~125℃,usingaunique1-WIREbusprotocol,onlyoneportlinethatistoachievetwo-waycommunicationwiththeMCU,withasimpleconnection,highprecision,highreliabilityandsoonTheAtwork,throughthebustoprovidepower,themicrocontrollerissuedascripttoreadthetemperaturevalue.TheDS1820isavailableina3-pinPR-35or8-pinSOICpackagewithpinoutshowninFigure2.Figure3pinfortheGND,2pinI/Oforthedatainput/output(ie,single-wirebus),thepinisopen-drainoutput,undernormalstatewashigh.Lead#1isanexternal+5Vpowersupplyterminalandshouldbegroundedwhennotinuse.NCisempty.TheinternalblockdiagramoftheDS1820includestheparasiticpowersupply,thetemperaturesensor,the64-bitlaserROMsingle-wireinterface,thehigh-speedmemory(includingthescratchpadRAM)forstoringtheintermediatedata,andtheTHandTLforstoringtheuser'ssettemperatureupperandlowerlimitsTheprocessormemoryandcontrollogic,8-bitcyclicredundancycheckcode(CRC)generatorandothersevenparts.4.2.ParasiticpowersupplycircuitTheparasiticpowersupplyconsistsofdiodesVD1,VD2andparasiticcapacitanceC.Thepowersupplydetectioncircuitisusedtodeterminethepowersupplymode.Whentheparasiticpowerissupplied,theVDDpinisgroundedandthedeviceobtainspowerfromthesingle-wirebus.WhentheI/Olineislow,thevoltageVconCcontinuestosupplypowertothedevice.Theparasiticpowersupplyhastwoadvantages:first,thedetectionofremotetemperaturewithoutlocalpower;second,thelackofnormalpowercanalsoreadROM.IfexternalpowersupplyVDDisused,powerissuppliedtothedeviceviaVD.Principlesoftemperaturemeasurement.TheDS1820measurestemperatureusinguniquetemperaturemeasurementtechniques.DS1820internallowtemperaturecoefficientoscillatorcanproduceastablefrequencysignalf0,hightemperaturecoefficientoscillatorwillbemeasuredtemperatureintothefrequencysignalf.Whenthecountgateisopen,theDS1820countsf0andthecountinggateturn-ontimeisdeterminedbythehigh-temperaturecoefficientoscillator.Thereisaslopeinsidethechipaccumulator,thefrequencyofthenon-lineartobepaid.Themeasurementresultsarestoredinthetemperatureregister.Ingeneral,thetemperaturevalueshouldbe9(symbol1bit),butthesignbitisextendedto8bits,soitisreadby16bits.4.2.2.HighSpeedRegister.Inthecaseofnormaltemperaturemeasurement,DS1820temperatureresolutionof0.5℃,canbeobtainedbythefollowinghigh-resolutiontemperaturemeasurementresults:First,withtheDS1820readtheregisterinstructions(BEH)readat0.5℃(LSB)inthemeasurementresulttoobtaintheintegerpartTzofthemeasuredactualtemperature,andthenusetheBEHinstructiontotakethecountresidualvalueCsofthecounter1andtheper-countvalueCDTheTakingintoaccounttheDS1820measurementoftheintegerpartofthetemperatureto0.25℃,0.75℃fortherelationshipbetweenthecarrylimit,theactualtemperatureTscanbecalculatedusingthefollowingformula:Ts=(Tz-0.25°C)+(CD-Cs)/CD.4.3.HightemperatureautomaticalarmcircuitDS1820tocompletethetemperatureconversion,themeasuredtemperatureandTH,TLforcomparison.IfT>THorT<TL,thealarmflaginthedeviceissetandthealarmsearchcommandsentbythehostisresponded.Therefore,morethanoneDS1820canbeusedtomeasurethetemperatureandalarmsearch.Oncethetemperaturelimitisexceeded,thehostusesthealarmsearchcommandtoidentifythedevicethatisbeingalertedandreadoutitsserialnumber,regardlessofthenon-alarmdevice.Acyclicredundancycheck(CRC)isstoredinthemostsignificantbyteofthe64-bitROM.ThehostcalculatestheCRCvaluebasedonthefirst56bitsoftheROMandcomparesitwiththeCRCvaluestoredintheDS1820todetermineiftheROMdatareceivedbythehostiscorrect.TheCRCexpressionfortheCRCis:CRC=X8+X5+X3+1.Inaddition,theDS1820isrequiredtogeneratean8-bitCRCforthedatainthescratchpadtoensurethatthescratchpaddataistransmittedcorrectly.4.4.BasictemperaturewatertemperaturemeasurementcircuitInthissystem,aDS18B20temperaturesensor,threeseven-segmentcodedisplaywithfourLEDlights,fourfunctionkeysandwatervolumesettingbuttonsusethesamesetofkeys.Thepriorityofthekeyishigherthanthewatersignal,andthehigh-gradesignalofthewaterishigherthanthelow-levelsignaltoensurethatthekeyisgivenpriority.4.5.DisplaycircuitandkeyboardcircuitDisplaycircuittemperatureusingtwoseven-segmentcodedisplay,displayrange0℃~99℃.Waterwithaseven-segmentdisplay,display1,2,3,4,fourfilewaterlevel.Performacyclicscanoftemperatureandwater.FourLEDsareusedforthecurrentkeyfunctionsetting.Sointhedesignprocess,weneedtosetthebuttontwo,atenkey,onebyonebutton.4.6.WatertemperatureandwatercontrolcircuitWatertemperatureandwatercontrolcircuitAsshowninFigure2below,themicrocontrollerthroughthephotoelectriccouplingoftherelaycontrol,usedtocutofforturnontheheatingtubepower,closeoropenthewatervalve,soastoachievewatertemperatureandwatercontrol.Figure2.Watertemperatureandwatercontrolcircuit5.SystemsoftwareDesignThesystemsoftwareiswritteninassemblylanguage.Thesystemofkeyboardscanning,leakagedetectionandothersubroutinesareachievedthroughthequery,andtheuseof12MHzclockfrequency,theinstructionruntimeforaccuratecalculationanddesigntoensurethereliabilityandstabilityofthesoftware.5.1.KeyboardanddisplayThesystemhasfourfunctionkeys:regularwater,constanttemperaturecontrol,manualwaterandmanualheating;threeseven-segmentcodedisplaywithfourLEDlights.(1)pressthetimerwhenthewaterbutton,thetimerLEDlightup,andthecurrenttimeforthetimingofthestandard,every24hoursautomaticallyaddwatertosetthewater;ifthisbuttonformorethan5seconds,thetimerLEDoff,andhear"Duo"soundtosetthewater,theneverytimeyoupressthebutton,waterdisplayplusafile,1~4filecycledisplay,donotpressthebuttonformorethan5seconds,onceagainhearthe"beep"sound,watersetup.Thetimingfunctionofthesystemismainlydonebysoftware.(2)Pressthethermostatcontrolbutton,constanttemperatureLEDlight,saidthetemperaturecontrol,andthenclicktheLEDoff,cancelthetemperaturecontrol.Similartothewatersetting,pressandholdthetemperaturesetting.(3)Pressthemanualheatingbutton,theheatingLEDlight,heatedto65℃,suchaswaterlessthan1file,thenaddwaterto1file,thenpressoncetocanceltheheating.(4)Pressthemanualwaterbutton,addwatertosettheamountofwater,longpresstosetthewater.Intheprocessofaddingwatermanually,pressagaintocancelthewater.Normally,twoseven-segmentcodesshowthecurrentwatertemperatureandtheothershowsthecurrentwaterlevel.5.2.WatertemperaturemeasurementThetemperaturereadingisdonebycommunicatingwiththeDS1820.TheDS1820communicationfunctionisdoneonatime-sharingbasis,andithasastricttimeslotconcept.SothesystemontheDS1820variousoperationsmustbecarriedoutbyagreement.DS1820istheUnitedStatesDALLAScompany'ssingle-wiredigitaltemperaturesensor,ithasaminiaturization,lowpowerconsumption,highperformance,anti-interferenceability,easytodealwithmicroprocessors,etc.,isparticularlysuitableforformingamulti-pointtemperaturemeasurementandcontrolsystem,Thetemperatureisconvertedintoaserialdigitalsignalformicrocomputerprocessing,andeachchipDS1820hasauniqueproductnumberandcanbestoredinitsROM,sothatconstitutealargetemperaturemeasurementandcontrolsysteminasinglelinelinkedtoanynumberofDS1820chip.ReadorwritefromtheDS1820DS1820informationonlyneedamouthline,readandwriteandtemperatureconversionpowerfromthedatabus,thebusitselfcanalsobeconnectedtotheDS1820powersupply,withouttheneedforpower.TheDS1820providesninetemperaturereadings,makingiteasytoconfigurethetemperaturedetectionsystemwithoutanyperipheralhardware.6.ConclusionThecurriculumdesignisanimportantpartofcultivatingstudents'comprehensiveapplicationoftheknowledge,discovering,proposing,analyzingandsolvingpracticalproblemsandexercisingpracticalability.Thisdesignisalsotheactualworkabilityofthestudentsspecifictrainingandinspectionprocess.Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.MCUhasbecomeanunprecedentedfieldofapplicationintoday'scomputerapplications.Inlifecanbesaidtobeeverywhere.Soasthetwenty-firstcentury,theUniversityofthemasterofthedevelopmentofsingle-chiptechnologyisveryimportant.Afterthedesigntosomeofthedesignexperience:1.Inthedesignprocess,besuretousetheinternalstructureofthemicrocontrollerhasasystemtounderstand,knowwhatthechipchipresources,itspinfunctionshouldunderstand;2.Itisnotveryimportanttodesignaprogramminglanguage.Thekeyistohaveaclearideaandacompletesoftwareflowchart.3.Inthedesignprocess,youcannotimaginethewholeprocesswillbedesigned,"repeatedchanges,continuousimprovement"Istheonlywaytodesigntheprogram;4.Intheprocessofdesigningtheprogramencounteredaproblemisnormal,butweshouldeachtimetheproblemisrecorded,andanalysisclearly,soasnottoencounterthesamenexttimethesameproblem.References[1]HuazhongScienceandTechnologyDepartmentofElectronics,editedbyKangHuaguangeditor:"ElectronicTechnologyFoundation"(analogpart)(fourthedition),Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2015.[2]HuazhongScienceandTechnologyDepartmentofElectronics,editedbyKangHuaguangeditor:"ElectronicTechnologyFoundation"(digitalpart)(fourthedition),Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2010.[3]QinZenghuangeditor:"ElectricalEngineering"onthebook,electricaltechnology(fifthedition),Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2014.[4]QinZenghuangeditor:"ElectricalEngineering"underthebook,electronictechnology(fifthedition),Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2013.[5]WanFujun.Single-chipmicrocomputerprinciplesystemdesignandapplication.ChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnologyPress,2013.[6]Macrocrystaltechnology.STC89CS1RC-RD+-GUIDE.Http://.2015.[7]GuidanceontheuseofTKSseriessimulatorsbasedonKeilCS1highlanguagelanguage.GuangzhouZhiyuanElectronicsCo.,Ltd.,2014.基于单片机的水温控制系统设计摘要：本文主要介绍一种采用51单片机设计的多功能水温控制器。该控制器可以手动或者自动送水，可以设定水温、实时显示水温和报警功能，并具有结构简单、可靠性高、成本低的特点。目前市场上的水温控制器主要采用双金属温控，温控精度低、可靠性差、功能单一。随着单片机技术的发展，单片机处理器功能越来越多、价格低廉，在各方面得到广泛应用。在水温控制器中应用单片机，具有设计简单、可靠性高、易于发挥其优势的功能等优点。基于上诉背景，因此本文将重点讨论温度控制器在智能控制中的应用。一、引言“单片机课程设计”的目的是让学生在理论学习的基础上，能够完成基于MCS-51单片机多资源应用和综合功能的控制系统的设计和编程，使学生能够不仅将课堂知识与实际应用相结合，还要对电子电路、电子元器件、印刷电路板等方面的知识进一步加深认识，同时进行软件编程、调试、焊接等，还要掌握相关设备的使用技能等方面的更全面的练习和改进，为将来能够独立完成一些SCM应用系统的开发和设计工作打下了一定的基础。2.整体设计2.1设计要求该方案的总体设计主要是基于单片机水温控制器系统设计，实现水温自动加热，并检测水温和显示温度的高低。具体要求分为以下几个方面：方案设计合理，简单;自设计检测及相关处理电路;完整的单片机数据采集和处理硬件电路设计及相关软件编程;辅助电路和组件可选;可选传感器类型;温度范围控制在20至60摄氏度。2.2设计目的现代科学技术的飞速发展，拥有渊博的知识是未来能有所成就的基础。经验也是重要的知识，如果学生不是在实践中去努力练习，而只是单独地在课堂上学习，那么理论必然会和实践与应用相互脱节。使用单片机技术是容易的，它有很多有用之处，要让学生静下心来去认真学生，如果学生对它失去兴趣，或者感觉没什么用处，这些情况会使课堂教学的效果大打折扣。3.设计本文介绍了一种多功能水温控制器，采用51单片机设计，具有自动和手动供水、设定水温、实时显示水量和温度及报警功能，具有结构简单，可靠性高的特点，而且成本低。目前市场上的水温控制器主要采用双金属温控，温控精度低、可靠性差、功能单一。随着单片机技术的发展，单片机处理器功能越来越多，价格低廉，在各方面得到广泛应用。在水温控制器中应用单片机，具有设计简单，可靠性高，易于发挥其优势的功能等优点。水温控制器主要实现对水温的控制，并满足不同用户的个性化需求。因此，更完整的控制器应具有以下功能：水温测量和显示;水测量和显示;用户设置（如水温设置，定时设置等）;关于加热管控制功能;一些功能键（如常规自动上水，恒温控制，手动加水，手动加热等）。具体设计方案的流程图如图1所示。图1.51单片机设计的水温控制系统设计4.硬件电路设计根据水温控制器的功能要求，结合51系列单片机的资源分析，采用该系列的主流型号89C51作为电路系统的控制核心。基本硬件电路如图2（a）〜（c）所示。本系统中，P0.0~P0.3为七段显示，P2.6控制水锁开关，P2.7控制电热管，P3.3~P3.5为按键设计和读水，P3.0~P3.2为DS1820通讯用于水温测量，P2.0~P2.1对七段代码进行扫描，P2.2~P2.5LED指示灯，P3.7控制扬声器为报警和说明。4.1水温测量电路水温测量电路温度测量元件采用DALLAS单线数字温度传感器DS1820。DS1820提供9个温度读数，测量范围-55℃~125℃，采用独特的1-WIRE总线协议，只需一条端口线即可实现与MCU的双向通信，连接简单，精度高，可靠性高在工作中，通过总线提供电源，微控制器发出一个脚本来读取温度值。DS1820采用3引脚PR-35或8引脚SOIC封装，引脚排列如图2所示。图3引脚用于GND，2引脚I/O用于数据输入/输出（即单线总线）），引脚为漏极开路输出，正常状态下为高电平。引脚＃1是外部+5V电源端子，不使用时应接地。NC是空的。DS1820的内部框图包括寄生电源，温度传感器，64位激光ROM单线接口，用于存储中间数据的高速存储器（包括暂存器RAM），以及TH和TL用于存储用户设定温度的上限和下限处理器存储器和控制逻辑，8位循环冗余校验码（CRC）发生器和其他七个部分。4.2寄生供电电路寄生电源由二极管VD1，VD2和寄生电容C组成。电源检测电路用于确定电源模式。当提供寄生电源时，VDD引脚接地，器件从单线总线获得电源。当I/O线为低电平时，C上的电压Vc继续为器件供电。寄生电源有两个优点：第一，无需本地电源即可检测远程温度;第二，缺乏正常的电源也可以读取ROM。如果使用外部电源VDD，则通过VD2为设备供电。4.2.1温度测量原理。DS1820采用独特的温度测量技术测量温度。DS1820内部低温系数振荡器可产生稳定的频率信号f0，高温系数振荡器将被测温度转换为频率信号f。当计数门打开时，DS1820计数f0，计数门导通时间由高温系数振荡器决定。芯片累加器内部有一个斜率，要支付非线性的频率。测量结果存储在温度寄存器中。通常，温度值应为9（符号1位），但符号位扩展为8位，因此它由16位读取。4.2.2高速寄存器在常温测量的情况下，DS1820的温度分辨率为0.5℃，可通过以下高分辨率温度测量结果获得：首先，用DS1820读取寄存器指令（BEH）在0.5℃（LSB）读取测量值得到测量实际温度的整数部分Tz，然后用BEH指令取计数器1的计数残值Cs和每计数值CD。考虑到DS1820测量的整数部分温度为0.25℃，0.75℃为进位极限之间的关系，实际温度Ts可用下式计算：Ts=（Tz-0.25°C）+（CD-Cs）/CD。4.3高温自动报警电路DS1820完成温度转换，测量温度与TH，TL进行比较。如果T>TH或T<TL，则设置设备中的告警标志，并响应主机发送的告警搜索命令。因此，可以使用多个DS1820来测量温度和报警搜索。一旦超过温度限制，主机将使用警报搜索命令识别正在被警告的设备并读出其序列号，而不管非警报设备如何。循环冗余校验（CRC）存储在64位ROM的最高有效字节中。主机根据ROM的前56位计算CRC值，并将其与存储在DS1820中的CRC值进行比较，以确定主机接收的ROM数据是否正确。CRC的CRC表达式为：CRC=X8+X5+X3+1.此外，DS1820需要为暂存器中的数据生成8位CRC，以确保正确传输暂存器数据。4.4基本温度水温测量电路在这个系统中，DS18B20温度传感器，带有四个LED灯的三个七段代码显示器，四个功能键和水量设置按钮使用相同的一组按键。密钥的优先级高于水信号，水的高级信号高于低级信号，以确保密钥优先。4.5显示电路和键盘电路显示电路温度采用两段七段显示，显示范围0℃~99℃。水有七段显示，显示1,2,3,4，四档水位。执行温度和水的循环扫描。四个LED用于当前键功能设置。所以在设计过程中，我们需要设置按钮两个，十个按键，一个接一个按钮。4.6水温和水控制电路水温和水控制电路如图2所示，微控制器通过继电器控制的光电耦合，用于切断或打开加热管电源，关闭或打开水阀，从而达到水温和水控制。图2.水温和水控制电路5.系统软件设计系统软件以汇编语言编