福特汽车财务系统介绍

THEFINANCEROLEINBUSINESSTODAY1福特汽车财务系统介绍第1页ROBPHEBUSCFO,FORDLIOHO26+YEARSEXPERIENCEWITHFORD2福特汽车财务系统介绍第2页ThemissionofFordFinanceistocontributetothesuccessofFordMotorCompanybybeingthemostdynamic,efficient,andhigh-qualityorganizationofitskind.FordFinancepeoplestriveforexcellenceandcontinuousimprovementinthequality,effectiveness,andefficiencyoftheservicestheyprovidetointernalandexternalcustomers.FINANCEMISSION&KEYRESPONSIBILITIES3福特汽车财务系统介绍第3页Professional---Intelligence,Creativity,JudgmentandCommunicationSkillsPersonal---Integrity,Initiative,InterpersonalSkillsandTeamworkFinancePersonnelCharacteristics

4福特汽车财务系统介绍第4页Developandoperatehigh-qualityfinancialreportingandcontrolsystemsDevelopoptimalbusinesspracticesandprocessesProvidehigh-qualityanalysistosupportdecisionsMakerecommendationsasBusinessAdvisorsFinanceRoles5福特汽车财务系统介绍第5页FINANCEFUNCTIONS6福特汽车财务系统介绍第6页FinancialReporting--FinancialStatements,TaxAccountingOperationsAccounting--CostAccounting,TransactionProcessingInternalandSystemsAuditingDealerAuditingSupplierAuditing

Accounting&Auditing7福特汽车财务系统介绍第7页CapitalStructureandDividendPlanningCashandDebtManagementForeignExchangeManagementPensions,Insurance,andEmployeePayroll&SavingsTreasury8福特汽车财务系统介绍第8页BUSINESSCONTROL

THECFOPERSPECTIVEONGOVERNANCE9福特汽车财务系统介绍第9页WHATISBUSINESSCONTROL?AccountingVerificationsSecurityandLocksInternalandExternalAuditChecklistsSignaturesAnyactiontakenbymanagementtoenhancethelikelihoodthatcompanyobjectivesandgoalswillbeachievedonasustainedbasis10福特汽车财务系统介绍第10页ELEMENTSOFBUSINESSCONTROLRiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoring11福特汽车财务系统介绍第11页DRIVINGFLAWLESSEXECUTIONBusinesscontroldrivesachievementofgoals!CORPORATECULTURERISKMANAGEMENTPROCESSES&SYSTEMSMONITORINGManagementACHIEVEMENTOFCOMPANYGOALS&OBJECTIVESEmployees12福特汽车财务系统介绍第12页WHEREDOYOUFOCUS?TaxComplianceDisasterRecoveryAccountsPayableAccountsReceivableARCollectionsSalesRecognitionFacilitiesSecurityContractManagementEnvironmentalComplianceSafetyEngineeringHealth&

SafetyFixedAssetsCreditFinancingInventoryPurchasingVariableMarketingFixedMarketingWarrantyCustomsPayroll&TimekeepingSupplierManagementTreasuryCashManagementJournalEntriesReconciliationProductDevelopmentInsuranceVehicleRemarketingSystemSecurityDistribution&Logistics13福特汽车财务系统介绍第13页CFO‘TOPSIX’GovernanceandEthicsCashandTreasuryAssetIntegrityRevenuePurchasingandPayablesAccounting14福特汽车财务系统介绍第14页GOVERNANCEANDETHICSEstablishingadecisionframeworkfordoingtherightthingCONTROLSAuditCommitteeClearOrganizationalStructureFormalDelegationsofAuthorityPolicyLettersInvolvementofOGCProceduresforReportingUnusualEventsPOTENTIALRISKSGOVERNANCEBusinessMismanagementConfusion&InefficiencyETHICSLossofReputationLitigationIssuesAssetLoss15福特汽车财务系统介绍第15页GUIDELINESFORAUDITCOMMITTEESPurposeProvideAssistanceToTheBoardOfDirectorsOnItsFiduciaryResponsibilitiesEnsureReliabilityOfAccountingAndControls,ReportingPractices,AndQualityAndIntegrityOfFinancialReports16福特汽车财务系统介绍第16页GUIDELINESFORAUDITCOMMITTEESMembershipTwoOrMoreFinanciallyAdeptDirectorsEachShouldbeNon-ExecutiveMembersOfTheBoardCompanyCFOAndExternalAuditorsShouldAttendMeetingsButAreNotCommitteeMembersMeetingsHeldAtEachBoardMeetingIndividualMeetingsBetweenCommitteeAndCompanyCFOAndExternalAuditorsAtLeastAnnually17福特汽车财务系统介绍第17页GUIDELINESFORAUDITCOMMITTEESDutiesAndResponsibilitiesAssureReliabilityOfAccountingPracticesAssureAdequateInternalControlProcessesAssureComplianceWithLegalRequirementsAndCompanyPolicyAssureAdherenceToACompanyCodeOfConductAssureAppropriateRiskManagementProcessesEstablishedReviewAppointmentAndPerformanceOfExternalAuditorReportToTheBoardOnMattersOfTheCommittee18福特汽车财务系统介绍第18页CASHANDTREASURYProtectionandmaximumutilizationofcashandinvestmentassetsCONTROLSAppropriateCashHandlingDelegationsofAuthorityAccountReconciliationHedging&RiskTransferTools•••UseofTreasury&RiskManagementExpertisePOTENTIALRISKSPOORCASHMANAGEMENTTheftorLossofCashLossofInterestIncomePOORRISKMANAGEMENTCurrency,InterestRate,&CommodityExposureLiquidityRiskProperty&CasualtyHazardsDefaultRisk19福特汽车财务系统介绍第19页ASSETINTEGRITYProtectionandusabilityofCompanyphysicalandinformationassetsCONTROLSPhysicalSecurityTagging&CycleCountsReceiving/ShippingProcessesApplicationControlReviewDisasterRecoveryPlanPasswordsUserAccessReviewPOTENTIALRISKSPHYSICALASSETSLoss,Theft,orDamageWaste&UnderutilizationINFORMATIONASSETSLoss,Theft,orDamageSystem/BusinessFailure20福特汽车财务系统介绍第20页REVENUETimelyrecognitionofsalesrevenueandcollectionofreceivablesCONTROLSSeparationofRevenueRecognition&CashHandlingProceduresforRevenueRecognitionAgingFollow-upBadDebtAllowanceAnalysisAccountReconciliationPOTENTIALRISKSRevenueOver/UnderstatedOverdueReceivablesIneffectiveCollectionProcessBadDebtExposure21福特汽车财务系统介绍第21页PURCHASINGANDPAYABLESPurchasinghighqualitygoodsandservicesandpayingtherightamountattherighttimeCONTROLSUsePurchasingExpertiseBudgetManagementSupplierDatabase/PreferredSupplierListingLowValuePurchaseReviewStandardTerms&ConditionsReceiptVerificationPre-PaymentReviewAccountReconciliationPOTENTIALRISKSPURCHASINGUnnecessaryPurchasePricetooHighQualityNottoSpecificationContractsthatDon’tSupportGoalsPAYABLESPayWrongAmountPayforGoodsnotReceived22福特汽车财务系统介绍第22页ACCOUNTINGEnsuringthataccountingrecordsareaccurateandmanagedproperlyCONTROLSAccountReconciliationReconcilingItemFollow-upJournalEntryReview&ApprovalUp-to-DateChartofAccountsClosingProceduresBudgeting&AnalysisPOTENTIALRISKSACCOUNTSMISSTATEDImproperEntryMadeLegalExposuretoShareholders/RegulatoryDATANOTUSEFULPoorCategorizationNon-TimelyDATANOTUSED23福特汽车财务系统介绍第23页EXERCISE:

SPECIALMETALSTAMPERS,INC.Method:IndividualExerciseObjective:UsetheCFOTopSixtosiftthroughinformationandfindcriticalcontrolconcernsTime:CompleteBeforeClassInstructions:YouareRobinJames,andtodayyouaretakingoverfromJohnSmithasControlleratSpecialMetalStampers,Inc.awhollyownedsubsidiaryofWeBuildCars.Asyousitdownatyourdesk,younoticeafullin-basketrequiringyourattention.Reviewthenarrativeprovided(asummarizationofseveralintroductoryinterviews)andthecontentsofyourin-box.Whichthreeconcernswouldyoutacklefirst,andwhy?24福特汽车财务系统介绍第24页BUSINESSCONTROLTOOLSInternalControlCoordinatorsModularControlReviewPrograms6-SigmaTheGAONowthatyouknowwheretofocus,whattoolscanyouusetofindandaddressconcerns?CorporatePoliciesandStandardsApplicationControlReview(ACR)Training25福特汽车财务系统介绍第25页BUSINESSCONTROL

HowtoBuildControlinto

BusinessProcesses26福特汽车财务系统介绍第26页RiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoringRiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoringELEMENTSOFBUSINESSCONTROL27福特汽车财务系统介绍第27页WHYIN-PROCESSCONTROLS?PLANGOALPLANGOALHitthetargeteverytimewithBusinessProcessControlRepeatability•SustainabilityWithoutControlWithControl28福特汽车财务系统介绍第28页CREATEACONTROLLEDPROCESSUnderstandtheComponentsOutlinetheExistingProcessDetermineAreasofRiskAssesstheExistingControlsRedefinetheProcess29福特汽车财务系统介绍第29页1.UNDERSTANDTHECOMPONENTSGOALWHEREDOYOUWANTTOGET?INPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTWHATDATAFEEDSYOURPROCESS?Remember–canbeexternalorinternalWHATPROCESSESAREUSED?Whatresources(peopleandsystems)areusedtotransformtheinput?OUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTWHATISTHERESULTOFYOURPROCESS?Thinkenterprise-wide–areyouroutputssomeoneelse’sinputs?30福特汽车财务系统介绍第30页2.OUTLINETHEPROCESSStatetheGoal--IsitMeasurable&Specific?DetailtheProcess--HowdoInputsOutputs?IdentifyProcessSteps(Sequence/Dependency)WhenareDecisionsRequired?Watchfor“DeadEnds”–EndShouldEqualOutputLookacrossOrganizations–UnderstandHandoffsDrawaFlowchartINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTGOAL31福特汽车财务系统介绍第31页3.DETERMINEAREASOFRISKAssessGoalAlignmentHasthegoalchanged?DoestheoutputsupportthegoalDoesFailure(ofanyprocessstep)ImpactAchievementofGoals?Whatistheconsequenceoffailure?Whataretheoddsitcouldfail?LookforRedFlags32福特汽车财务系统介绍第32页3.DETERMINEAREASOFRISKSomePossibleRedFlagsHoldingAreas(e.g.overduepayments,unmatchedreceipts,incompleteorders)KeyCommunicationPointsTransitions(handoffs,transitions,etc.)KeyDecisionPointsManual/PaperProcessesAnythingThatCan’tBeExplainedLongDelaysinRetrievingInformationRelianceonDetectivevs.PreventativeControls33福特汽车财务系统介绍第33页4.ASSESSEXISTINGCONTROLSIDENTIFYEXISTINGCONTROLSPreventive–ReduceslikelihoodofconsequenceDetective–Identifiesand(ifpossible)correctsundesiredresultsDirecting–EncouragesadesirablebehaviortooccurASSESSCONTROLvs.RISKWhichrisksrequireadditionalmitigation?IsthereaCompanystandard/guideline?Whattypeofcontrolsmakesense?ProcessRisksControls34福特汽车财务系统介绍第34页5.REDEFINETHEPROCESSBuildNewControlsintoProcessMatchResourcestoRiskLevelEnsureAgreementwithStakeholdersINPUTINPUTINPUTINPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTOUTPUTNEW

PROCESSDocumentandCLEARLYCommunicateProcessANDRolesandResponsibilities35福特汽车财务系统介绍第35页RiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoringRiskManagementCorporateCultureProcessesandSystemsMonitoringELEMENTSOFBUSINESSCONTROL36福特汽车财务系统介绍第36页WHYMONITORYOURPROCESS?Processsetsupasequenceofsteps–thingscangetstuckMonitoringisaredflagDealwithexceptionsAddressrootcauseintheupstreamprocessABFCDEPLANGOAL37福特汽车财务系统介绍第37页HOWDOYOUMONITOR?IdentifyKeyControlPointsintheProcessDetermineMetricsforthosePoints&OutputsEstablishTargets,Triggers,andVarianceGuidesReviewMetricsFrequently–inandacrossDepartmentsCBG/GECBusinessProcessControlHealthChartTarget1234Althoughconsistent,steadyimprovementwasevidencedinmonths2and3,adeclineincontrolwasidentifiedinmonth4.Investigationofcausalfactorsidentifiedachangeinpersonnel–trainingfornewemployeehasbeenprioritized.Transactions>90daysCost/Transaction1/012/013/014/015/016/017/018/01Costhasnotstabilized,andisconsistentlyabovebudget.38福特汽车财务系统介绍第38页WHATHAPPENSWITHOUTCONTROL?Norobustterminationprocess

Terminationfeesnotpaid

Cash

$1.3millionTheabsenceofarobustterminationprocessimpactedtheCompany’sabilitytorecoverpaymentsowed.TheModelEprogramwaslaunchedtoprovideemployeeswithaccesstothe‘ElectronicAge’byofferingacomputerandinternetaccessfor$5permonth.EmployeesagreetopayaterminationfeeiftheylefttheCompanypriortothe36-monthcontractend.160,000employeesparticipated.39福特汽车财务系统介绍第39页40福特汽车财务系统介绍第40页ProfitAnalysisandBusinessPlanning–ForecastsandBudgets,BusinessPlanningProcess,JointVenturesandAcquisitionsOperationsAnalysis--ProductDevelopment,ManufacturingCostAnalysisMarket-RelatedAnalysisShareholderValuePlanningFinancialAnalysis41福特汽车财务系统介绍第41页ShareholderValueAdded(SVA)isameasureofhowmuchvalueacompanyiscreatingforitsshareholders42福特汽车财务系统介绍第42页.Costtouseinvestor’smoneytobuyAssets.Thereturnshareholdersrequirefromtheirinvestment43福特汽车财务系统介绍第43页44福特汽车财务系统介绍第44页45福特汽车财务系统介绍第45页46福特汽车财务系统介绍第46页MichaelPorter’sFiveForcesModelisagreatwaytoseethebigpictureinanyindustry.AccordingtoPorter,thestateofcompetitioninanyindustrydependsonfivebasicforces:•therivalryamongindustrycompetitors•thethreatofpotentialentrants•thepowerofsuppliers•thepressurefromsubstituteproducts•thepowerofcustomers47福特汽车财务系统介绍第47页48福特汽车财务系统介绍第48页Whileseeingthebigpictureisimportant,itisalsonecessarytounderstandlocalconditionsifyouwanttoactstrategically.Understandinglocalconditionsmeansunderstandingyourcosts,competition,customers,distributionchannels,products,prices,andpromotionalactivities.Seeingthebigpictureandunderstandinglocalconditionsgivesusthebackgroundforourmostimportantstrategictask–positioningourselvesoptimallywithinourenvironment.49福特汽车财务系统介绍第49页50福特汽车财务系统介绍第50页51福特汽车财务系统介绍第51页ActStrategically:Ford’sVisionandStrategyPyramidSuperiorShareholderReturnsWorld’sLeadingConsumerCompanythatProvidesAutomotiveProductsandServicesTransformationandGrowthStrongglobalBrandsCONSUMERFOCUSSuperiorConsumerSatisfaction&LoyaltyBestTotalValueToCustomersNimbleOrganizationWithleadersAtalllevelsCorporateCitizenship52福特汽车财务系统介绍第52页Toactstrategicallyyouneedto•seethebigpicture•understandlocalconditions•positionourselvesoptimallyFord’sVisionandStrategyPyramidisanexampleofalargesteptowardthegoalofcoordinatedstrategicactionandoptimalstrategicpositioning.However,toturnStrategicVisionintoaStrategicReality,allactionsmustsupportandimprovetheoverallstrategicpositionofthecompany.53福特汽车财务系统介绍第53页IncreaseNetIncome54福特汽车财务系统介绍第54页55福特汽车财务系统介绍第55页TheCustomerValueEquation56福特汽车财务系统介绍第56页57福特汽车财务系统介绍第57页Decreasingcostsletsyoumakemoremoneyoffofeachproductthatisproduced.Decreasingcoststhroughimprovedprocessescanalsoleadtoimprovedqualityandlesswaste.DecreasingcostshelpstoIncreaseReturnonSales58福特汽车财务系统介绍第58页IncreasingCustomerSatisfactionmakesmorepeoplewanttobuyyourproducts.IncreasingCustomerSatisfactionalsogivescustomersoptionsthattheyarewillingtopayfor.IncreasingCustomerSatisfactionhelpstoincreaseReturnonSales59福特汽车财务系统介绍第59页60福特汽车财务系统介绍第60页FollowTheMoneyConceptsCreateBusinessUnitsofOneEstablishProfitCentersforDifferentBusinessChannelsDivideBusinessintoSmallerManageableSubsetsMakeEverySalespersonResponsibleforaDirectBusiness61福特汽车财务系统介绍第61页FollowTheMoneyConceptsKnowtheProfitofEverythingYouSellKnowtheVariableProfitofEveryProductandServiceYouSellKnowtheVariableProfitbyMajorSeriesandOptionswithinaProductLineKnowtheProfitofEveryRegion,Zone,andDistributionChannelFocusResourcesonImprovingProfit62福特汽车财务系统介绍第62页FollowTheMoneyConceptsLeverageProductionProgrammingKnowtheProfitabilityofProductPortfolioProgramAggressivelyonHigh-MarginProductsandConservativelyonLow-MarginProductsWorkwithPDandManufacturingtoGrowHigh-MarginBusinessManageProductAllocationtoMinimizeMarketingAndMaximizeProfits63福特汽车财务系统介绍第63页FollowTheMoneyConceptsGrowNon-TraditionalBusinessChannelsRuntheChannelasaProfitCenterMaximizeTotalProfitforEveryDefinableSub-segmentPursueWin-WinOpportunitieswithTheseCustomersonHigh-MarginProductsandServicesWorkonUniqueProductOpportunitiesFocusonServiceandMakeYourselfIndispensableManageResidualValues64福特汽车财务系统介绍第64页FollowTheMoneyConceptsBusinessRegionalSalesStaffEstablishBusinessesforEachZoneManagerMakeSureTheyKnowtheProfitofEveryProductandServiceTheySellDevelopRegionalProfitImprovementPlansthatExploitGrowthOpportunitiesonProfitableBusinessFocusonDealer“Turns”toImproveWholesaleVolumesLeverageRegionalResourcesonHigh-MarginProductionwithOpenCapacity65福特汽车财务系统介绍第65页FollowTheMoneyConceptsLeverageRetailMarketingKnowtheProfitofEveryProductforEveryTypeofFinancingEstablishProcesstoPrioritizeMarketingonHigh-MarginProductionFocusonFillingOpenCapacityonHigh-MarginProductsDriveSynergieswithSupportingAdjacentBusinessesBalanceOutOldProductsEarlyTargetMarketingbyRegionandCustomerProtectResidualValues66福特汽车财务系统介绍第66页FollowTheMoneyConceptsPriceStrategicallytoImproveMarginsKnowtheProfitofAllProducts,Options,andPackagesUsePricingasaTooltoIncreaseValueonHigh-ProfitProducts(orOptions)PriceAggressivelytoImproveMarginsonLow-MarginProductsReduceComplexityandSimplifyProductOfferings(ValidatewithMarketResearch)PriceOftentoMinimizeMarketEffectofIncreases67福特汽车财务系统介绍第67页FollowTheMoneyConceptsEliminateWaste–FocusonCashEstablishDisciplinedProcesstoEliminateObsolescenceEliminateReceivablesReduceCompanyInventoryCreateTaxEfficientProcessesManageCurrencyRisk68福特汽车财务系统介绍第68页69福特汽车财务系统介绍第69页Customersalsomustbedelightedintheservicesthatyouoffer.Nomatterwhichbrandpeoplebuy,youmustmakesurethattheirownershipexperiencesareworry-free.Servicebrandsthatdelightcustomers70福特汽车财务系统介绍第70页71福特汽车财务系统介绍第71页Playsacriticalroleintheongoingdevelopmentofbusinesscompetencies,oneofwhichisbrandmarketing.Communicationswiththemedia,especiallyonnewbrands,helptoshapethebrandimage.Pricetheproductrightforthetargetcustomerandfindwaystoreducecostwithoutnegativelyimpactingthebrand.Astheprimaryinterfacewiththevastarrayofsuppliers,Purchasingmustensurethatsuppliers’productproposalsareinlinewiththebrand.Theguardianofqualityandworkmanshipmustunderstandthebrandtoensurethatcostreductionsandprocesschangesdonotharmthebrand’sessence.Assiststhecompanyindevelopingrobustprocesses,sothatwemayprovideaconsistentbrandmessageovertime.72福特汽车财务系统介绍第72页DecreaseNetOperatingAssets73福特汽车财务系统介绍第73页74福特汽车财务系统介绍第74页75福特汽车财务系统介绍第75页76福特汽车财务系统介绍第76页77福特汽车财务系统介绍第77页78福特汽车财务系统介绍第78页79福特汽车财务系统介绍第79页Whyareassetturnsimportant?“Inthepast,Fordmighthavethoughtthatcertainpartsofthebusinessweredoingwellbecausetheyshowedpositiveearnings.SVA,however,suggeststhatsuchasimpleviewdoesnotgofarenough”.“It’spossiblethatthosepartsofthebusinessactuallydestroyedshareholdervalue—withprofitsnothighenoughtocoverthenetoperatingassetsandmeetshareholderdemands.SVAunderscorestheimportanceofcreatingprofitswhileimprovingassetturns.”80福特汽车财务系统介绍第80页Atfirstglance,ProductBappearstobebetterforthecompanybecauseitproducesmorenetincomethanProductA.ProductBhoweveriscomparativelymoreassetintensive.Despiteitsrelativelyhighnetincome,ProductBactuallydestroysshareholdervalue.ExampleofAssetTurnsProduct

A

BNetIncome$500$700-AssetCharge

400

800=SVA$100$(100)81福特汽车财务系统介绍第81页Inventoriesgenerallyrepresentasignificantpartofnetoperatingassets.ThebestwaytocomprehensivelyreduceinventoriesistoadoptaKanban(or“pull”)philosophy.Kanbanthinkingfocusesonmaximizingthevalue-addedflowandtheefficiencyoftheoverallsystemratherthananindividualprocessstep.ReduceInventories82福特汽车财务系统介绍第82页IsitinthebestinterestoftheCompany?WhenevaluatingactionstoincreaseSVA,remembertoconsiderthecompletebusinessimpactofyourdecision.SomeactionsMAYAPPEARtoincreaseSVAbutareeithersuperficialfinancialengineeringornotintheLONG-TERMbestinterestofthecompany.ExamplesSomecostreductionscanmakeSVAhigherintheshortterm,butleadtolowerquality,decreasedcustomersatisfactionandlowerSVAoverthelongterm.LeasingassetscandecreasenetoperatingassetsbutmaynotalwaysincreaseSVA.Theassociatedleasingcostsmaybegreaterthanthebenefitoflowernetoperatingassets.83福特汽车财务系统介绍第83页BusinessAdvisorPlanningCycleStrategicReviewBusinessPlanObjectiveSettingandManagementReporting84福特汽车财务系统介绍第84页STRATEGICPLANNINGPROCESS

(1)Acustomerfocus,(2)AclearVisionandMission,(3)AffordableBusinessStructuresand(4)Goals,strategiesandtacticswhichsupportcustomerneedsaswellasthecompanyVisionandMission.Providesthebackdropforsounddecision-makingandbusinessplanning.Keyelementsofthestrategicplanningprocessinclude:85福特汽车财务系统介绍第85页STRATEGICPLANNINGPROCESSELEMENTSVision:Whattheorganizationwantstobeinthelongrun.Mission:WhattheorganizationdoesorneedstodotoachieveitsVision.StrategicPlan:ThegoalsthatmustbeachievedandthebroadgeneralstrategiesinherentinthosegoalsfortheMission.BusinessPlan:Eachoperationdevelopsspecificstrategiesandgeneraltacticsintheformofabusinessplanthatisspecificallytime-boundtoachievetheStrategicPlan.Budget:ThecurrentyearoperatingactionsintheBusinessPlan86福特汽车财务系统介绍第86页PRODUCTPLANSAREATTHEHEARTOFTHEBUSINESSAffordableBusinessStructure:Affordabilityisdefinedbythemarketequationandacompetitiveprofitreturn.CompanyFinancialRequirements:EachmajoroperationisexpectedtogeneratesufficientnetcashflowtofunditsgrowthandtogeneratepositiveSVA.ExternalMarketFactors:Theexternalmarketfactorsdeterminetheparameterswithinwhichyouestablishthevariablesfortheaffordablebusinessstructure87福特汽车财务系统介绍第87页FORD’SANNUALPLANNINGPROCESSASANEXAMPLEExternalFactorsStudy:Establishesthekeycompetitive,economicandgovernmentalscenariosthatcanaffectthebusiness.CyclePlan:Providesa10-yearoutlookforvehicleproductprograms.FinancialPlanningVolumes(FPV’s):Representtrendautomotiveindustryandsegmentvolumesusedforlong-termfinancialplanning.88福特汽车财务系统介绍第88页FORD’SANNUALPLANNINGPROCESSASANEXAMPLEBusinessPlan:ProvidesthefinancialquantificationoftheOperatingPlansandCommitmentsandincludekeyfinancialtargets.CashandSpendingPlan:SummarizesthecashneedsoftheOperations’financialplansincludedintheOperations’BusinessPlans.FinancingPlans:Aredevelopedbyeachmajorlegal-entitybasedonitsprojectionsofcashtoidentifyfundingneedsforthepresentyearandforthebusinessplanperiod.89福特汽车财务系统介绍第89页FORD’SANNUALPLANNINGPROCESSASANEXAMPLEBudgets:Reflectthecurrentyearcommitmentonthepartofoperatingmanagementtoachieveidentifiedkeymeasureables.ProfitForecast:ProvidesmonthlyfinancialinformationforCorporateandoperatingmanagementtomeasuretheirprogresstowardsbudgetcommitments.90福特汽车财务系统介绍第90页OPERATINGCYCLECalendarYear............Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.MayJunJulyAug.Sep.Oct.Nov.Dec.Forecast0+1212+01+112+103+94+85+76+67+58+49+310+211+1IPV/FPVBusinessPlanningBudgeting91福特汽车财务系统介绍第91页BalancedScorecardProcessIsABusinessPlanningToolThatTranslatesOrganizationPrioritiesIntoAlignedObjectivesAndPerformanceMeasuresThatEstablishesAClear“LineOfSight”BetweenCorporateGoalsAndEmployeeContributions92福特汽车财务系统介绍第92页BalancedScorecardProcessBasicElementsOfTheProcessIncludeDeploymentActionPlanningIndividualObjective